A chronic disease characterized by the continued use of a drug regardless of its harmful consequences is addiction.
Addiction is a chronic illness marked by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug or alcohol seeking and use despite negative effects and potentially long-lasting alterations in the brain. The negative behaviours exhibited by drug or alcohol users may result from these changes in the brain. Addiction is a relapsing illness as well. Relapse is the act of using again after making an effort to stop. The brain regions responsible for motivation, learning, and behaviour regulation are all impacted by addiction.
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question 4: an atom with 7 protons, 6 neutrons, and 7 electrons, has an atomic mass of blank amu. (Enter a whole number)
Is it possible for a producer to be on another level of enery pyramid besides the bottom?
Answer:
no,it will always stay at the bottom because it is the supplier of energy for consumers. It is where the food chain process starts.
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The superior region of the right ventricle narrows before it leads into the ______. Multiple choice question.
Pulmonary trunk
The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk, which leads toward the lungs and bifurcates into the left and right pulmonary arteries.
What is Pulmonary trunk ?The pulmonary trunk is a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs.
It divides into the left and right pulmonary arteries, which carry blood with relatively low oxygen content and high carbon dioxide content into the lungs.The pulmonary trunk is approximately 50 mm long and 30 mm wide (most authors use 29 mm in males and 27 mm in females (axial width) as the cut-offs of normal 1,5).Learn more about Pulmonary trunk here:
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Marfan syndrome is caused by a defect in FBN1 gene located on chromosome 15. The gene normally encodes the fibrilllin-1, which is important for the elasticity and appropriate growth of connective tissue. The defect in the gene that causes Marfan syndrome results in a decrease in the amount of functional fibrillin-1 produced. One defective copy of the gene is sufficient to cause Marfan syndrome.
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition.
What is Marfan Syndrome?Connective tissue, or the fibers that support and anchor your organs and other body components, is harmed by Marfan syndrome, a genetic disorder. Most frequently, the heart, eyes, blood arteries, and skeleton are impacted by Marfan syndrome.
It happens because one healthy copy of the FBN1 gene is not sufficient to sustain the normal development of connective tissue.
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Why is bone made up of calcium salts and not other salts, for example, iron salts?
Bone made up of calcium salts and not other salts, for example, iron salts because the presence of iron salts would strengthen bone but make it very heavy, requiring much larger muscles to move it. Calcium and collagen work together to make bones strong and flexible. Calcium salts provide rigidity to bones and teeth. Without mineral deposits in the bone, the organic extracellular matrix would be week .
About 99% of the body's calcium is stored in bones, and the remaining 1% is found in blood, muscle, and other tissues.70% of bone is made up of bone mineral called hydroxyapatite. Before the extracellular matrix is calcified, the tissue is called osteoid tissue.
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The earliest evidence of ancestral ____ are found in middle pleistocene deposits in kenya.
Answer: chimpanzees
Explanation:
The earliest evidence of ancestral hominin are found in the middle pleistocene deposits in kenya, Africa. Pleistocene showed to have the earliest occurrence of about 2 million years ago.
What are evidences of ancestry?
Fossils, anatomy, embryos, and DNA sequences provides the line of evidence about the common ancestry of today's organisms. It provides evidence of more closely related organisms having more characteristics in common. DNA sequences underlies the similarities and differences in the fossils, anatomy, and embryos of human population.
The hominin fossil record is found in the Pleistocene is increasingly well documented. One species for which there is substantial new information is Homo erectus which are found in the deposits of Kenya, Africa.
Homo erectus is an extinct species of archaic human race from the middle Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago.
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What are the three reasons why the cpi is hard to measure accurately?
The three main reasons why the CPI is hard to measure accurately include the following below:
New products to buyNew ways for consumers to buy them.Inflation and taxes.What is CPI?
This is referred to as consumer price index and helps to measure the change in consumer prices from a weighted average market basket of consumer goods and services.It is also used in determining the prices as a result of different factors such as inflation being taken into consideration.
CPI is however difficult to measure accurately as a result of the constant new product formation and the different ways and manner in which the consumers use the product at that point in time.
The aforementioned are therefore the reasons why they were chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Neurotransmitters are located in
Othe
A. synaptic sacs
B. Golgi apparatus
C. cytoplasm
I believe it is the synaptic sacs!
"When a nerve impulse arrives at the presynaptic terminal of one neuron, neurotransmitter-filled vesicles migrate through the cytoplasm and fuse with the presynaptic terminal membrane. The neurotransmitter molecules are then released through the presynaptic membrane and into the synaptic cleft."
• explain how the nervous system controls muscle tension
Your nerves somehow allow this signal to pass through and, like magic, it causes that large muscle to contract. If it's okay, we'll concentrate on it as the question directly refers to the muscular contraction. We move ahead to the motor neuron, where the brain's action potential has already reached the muscle. Motor units, which are made up of an upper and a lower motor neuron, are used to control muscles. The top motor neurons, or the neuron that transmits signals from the brain, are represented by the tracts above. After connecting to lower motor neurons, upper motor neurons link to the muscle. The basic structure of your muscles is fibers inside fibers inside fibers. Sarcomeres, the smallest unit, are made up of sections that are separated by Z-lines. We have two filaments, actin and myosin, between the Z-lines. The M-line is where Myosin is connected, while Actin is a long, thin filament attached to the Z-line. The actin will be pulled by the myosin, which will cause the Z-lines to constrict inward toward the M-line. The bigger structures will follow if many of these tiny fibers do this at once, triggering the contraction of the entire muscle. The Sliding Filament Model of contraction is used to describe this.
A single Actin and Myosin pair appears quite similar if we zoom in on it. Myosin and actin do not contact when your muscles are at rest, yet they have a strong attraction for one another (they really want to touch). If not for two proteins (tropomyosin and troponin) linked to the Actin filament, they would touch. As we are still awaiting a signal, we slightly zoom out.
An action potential is sent by the lower motor neuron, which causes Acetylcholine to be released into the synapses. This results in an inflow of sodium, which changes the voltage and spreads the signal.
The action potential is no longer in the neuron but rather within the muscle. The Sarcolemma is struck by the action potential as it travels through the muscle cells.
The Sarcolemma has tubes that penetrate the cell deeply (T-Tubules). The Action Potential is sent at the Sarcomeres via these tubes.
Calcium is continually being pumped out of the cell by the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, which houses the sarcomeres (these pumps use ATP as energy). Additionally, it has voltage-gated calcium channels that are still closed that line it.
The Voltage Gated Calcium channels open when the T-Tubules produce an action potential, allowing calcium to flood the cell.
The two proteins that surround the actin are now activated by calcium. When calcium attaches to troponin, a shape shift occurs (as proteins do when they bind). The active strands are revealed as the troponin pulls tropomyosin in its direction.
Now that the Actin sites are revealed, the Myosin is free to bind to them. However, myosin, which used some ATP and broke it down into ADP and phosphate, is the only protein that can actually do this. This myosin, which has been "charged," extends. It remains put, clinging to ADP+Phosphate like a loaded weapon.
The myosin unleashes its energy and rushes toward the exposed Actin now that it is primed and prepared. Once more, it alters form by dragging the acting and moving it inside.As soon as the bullet was shot, all of the energy necessary to divide ATP into ADP and phosphate was used up, and the split chemicals were released back into the cell (the release occurs because myosin changed it shape and in this state no longer has a strong affinity for them). The mitochondria will reuse them at this location and transform them back into ATP.Myosin does have a high affinity for ATP in this condition, which causes ATP to attach to it once again. Myosin is released from Actin by this binding, which results in another shape shift. Myosin is therefore brought back to its primed and prepared condition. Actin may be drawn in little further if it fires once more.As a result, the two Z-lines are pulled toward the centre by the Myosin, and the sarcomere contracts.
Since the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum's calcium pumps are actively pumping calcium out, calcium ultimately dissociates from Troponin. Actin is rendered unavailable to myosin as a result of the protection being reset. The fun is gone now because Myosin can no longer link to the actin, and when an action potential occurs, the cycle restarts.
And that’s how a signal from the nervous system, an action potential, can cause a muscle to contract. Isn’t nature cool?
Define transpiration.
NOTE: The answer needs to be atleast 3 lines long not less than that
Answer:
Transpiration is a type of evaporation. This type of evaporation only happens with plants. The water leaving the plant is excess water that the plant doesn't need.
Explanation:
A plant is 15 inches tall and grows at a rate of 0. 5 inches per week. Write a function h that models the height of the plant, in inches, as it grows per week,
Answer:
h(x)=0.5x+15.
Explanation:
Given that the first differences remain constant, this function is linear. Thus, we can use y=mx+b.
'b' in this case is 15 inches, as that is the original height of the plant.
The slope (m) would be 0.5, such that time is the independent variable and height is the dependent variable (which should always be the case).
Using this information, we can create a function to model height:
h(x)=0.5x+15, where x represents each week.
Hope this helps!
Select the correct answer. betty drew the life cycle of a butterfly for a science exhibition. the life cycle showed the various stages of growth before the egg turns into a butterfly. what type of model did betty use? illustration of a monarch butterfly life cycle. eggs, larva, chrysalis, and adult. a. hypothetical b. conceptual c. mathematical d. physical
Cytotoxic t cells are able to recognize infected body cells because _______________________.
Cytotoxic t-cells are able to recognize infected body cells because the infected cells display foreign antigens.
What do cytotoxic killer T cells do?The helper T cell and the cytotoxic T cell are the two main subtypes of T cells. Helper T cells, as their names imply, "assist" other immune system cells, whereas cytotoxic T cells "kill" virally-infected cells and tumors. The TCR cannot directly bind antigen, unlike an antibody.
Killer T cells are also known as "cytotoxic" or "cytolytic" cells because they have unique molecular weapons that allow them to attack and kill other cells that are showing targets they are familiar with, such as a virus-infected cell or even a malignant cell. The processed cancer cell antigen, which is solely presented by MHC-class I, must be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Helper T cells binding to a processed antigen on the same dendritic cell as the MHC-class II presenting a processed cancer cell antigen enhances cytotoxic T-cell complete activation.
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Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because?
Antibiotic resistance occurs naturally and it is use as medicines as well as misuse of antibiotics in humans ans animals is accelerating the process.
Nowadays infections are growing such as gonorrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc all are becoming hard to treat or fight with them because of less effective antibiotics.Inappropriate uses of antibiotics spread antibiotic resistance bacteria.
Excessive use of antibiotics or use for wrong reasons can cause bacteria to became resistant and multiply rapidly in human body or environment. When bacteria develop the ability to survive exposure of antibiotics that are design to kill them or stop their growth. Young children, cancer patient and over age people at great risk.
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What conclusion can be made if the cell margins of a biopsy are clear when observed under a microscope
The cancer has not invaded other tissues is the conclusion which can be made if the cell margins of a biopsy are clear when observed under a microscope in this scenario.
What is Biopsy?
This medical procedure involves taking sample of cells or tissues from parts of the body and observing it under a microscope.
The microscope function is to enlarge the objects which are positioned on the objective lens thereby making it possible for them to be seen more clearly and accurately.
If the cell margins of a biopsy are clear when observed under a microscope, it means the cancer hasn't invaded other parts while in a scenario where the cell margins are crowded then it depicts the presence of cancerous cells thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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As a social worker employed in a mental health center, cecilia is most likely to consult the ___, a tool for assessing behavioral disorders.
As a social worker employed in a mental health center, Cecilia is most likely to consult the DSM-IV-TR, a tool for assessing behavioral disorders.
DSM-IV-TR provides diagnostic criterion sets to help guide a clinician toward a correct diagnosis and an additional section devoted to differential diagnosis when persons meet diagnostic criteria for more than one disorder.
The intention of this information is to help the clinician determine which particular mental disorder is present, the identification of which would hopefully indicate the presence of a specific pathology and suggest a specific treatment.
It is evident, however, that DSM-IV-TR routinely fails in this goal, despite the best efforts of the leading clinicians and researchers who have authored the manual.
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Which action is characteristic of the hormone vasopressin?
ADH increases arteriole constriction and tubular permeability to water
Vasopressin, also referred to as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. Arteriole constriction and tubular permeability to water are both increased by ADH. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels in the blood regulate calcium equilibrium (PTH). the hormone that aids in blood vessel constriction and aids the kidneys in regulating the body's salt and water balance. This aids in regulating both blood pressure and urine production.
Sensors (baroreceptors) in the heart and big blood vessels can identify a drop in blood volume or low blood pressure that happens after dehydration or a hemorrhage. These encourage the secretion of anti-diuretic hormones.
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Select the correct answer.
Which of the following is the correct explanation for linked genes?
A.
genes located on the same chromosome and inherited together
B.
genes located on different chromosomes but inherited together
C.
genes located on mutated chromosomes that are inherited together
Answer:
A. genes located on the same chromosome and inherited together
Explanation:
linked genes are genes that are close together and end up being inherited together due to their closeness even after chromosomal crossover
Use the model to explain how celiac disease interrupts the normal transportation of energy and other nutrients from the digestive system to the circulatory system.
Small intestine: It is an organ that helps in the digestion and absorption of nutrients like vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water from the ingested food.
The absorption of nutrients in the small intestine is done by villi which can be described as small finger-like projections on the interior surface of the small intestine. They increase the surface area for the absorption of nutrients from the food and transport it to other parts of the body where they can be consumed accordingly.
Celiac disease: It is a digestive disorder caused due to gluten in which villi of the small intestine in the inner lining of the small intestine are destroyed due to which the nutrients can not be absorbed properly from the food and thus the body faces a deficiency in nutrients and lacks energy as they cannot be extracted properly from food.
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Identify the true and false statements about gender and labor force participation.
The true and false statements about gender and labor force participation as follows:
True: "A higher percentage of men than women participate in the labor force."True: "Marriage seems to have opposite effects on women’s and men’s participation rates."False: "Occupational sex segregation, or the domination of certain professions by a single gender, has dramatically fallen in recent years."True: "Since 1975, the percent of mothers in the labor force has been on the rise."What is Gender Empowerment Measure?Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) can be defined as an index that is designed and developed to measure the level of inequalities between opportunities that are available to both men and women living in a country.
Based on information provided by the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), we can infer and logically deduce the true and false statements about gender and labor force participation as follows:
True: "A higher percentage of men than women participate in the labor force."True: "Marriage seems to have opposite effects on women’s and men’s participation rates."False: "Occupational sex segregation, or the domination of certain professions by a single gender, has dramatically fallen in recent years."True: "Since 1975, the percent of mothers in the labor force has been on the rise."Read more on Gender Empowerment Measure here: brainly.com/question/22907606
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Complete Question:
Identify the true and false statements about gender and labor force participation.
1. A higher percentage of men than women participate in the labor force.
2. Marriage seems to have opposite effects on women’s and men’s participation rates.
3. Occupational sex segregation, or the domination of certain professions by a single gender, has dramatically fallen in recent years.
4. Since 1975, the percent of mothers in the labor force has been on the rise.
Internal respiration refers to the exchange of gases:
Question 1 options:
Between the atmosphere and the lungs
Between the lungs and the heart
Between blood cells and body cells (excluding alveoli)
Between blood cells and the alveoli
Within body cells
A large area undergoes the same amount of metamorphism. All rock reach the same metamorphism grade. However, after the metamorphism some rocks are marble and some rocks are slate. Why?
The only explanation in this situation is that the parent rocks of the marble and slate were different. This indicates that the region once held both shale and limestone before metamorphism.
In reference to rocks, it denotes those that have undergone metamorphism—rocks that may have started as sedimentary, igneous, or another type of metamorphic rock but has since undergone "recrystallization" and taken on an entirely new form—under new temperature and pressure conditions.
For instance, when limestone is heated and compressed, it changes into marble, a more coarsely crystalline and occasionally banded rock.
When shale, a clay-rich, soft rock, is compressed, slate, a tougher rock, is created.
The alterations are frequently even more remarkable, resulting in the formation of new minerals, including garnet, mica, and tourmaline (as seen in schist).
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Biosemiotics and Evolution pp 45-64|Cite as Life Sciences and the Natural History of Signs: Can the Origin ofLife Processes Coincide with the Emergence of Semiosis
Yes, Origin ofLife Processes Coincide with the Emergence of Semiosis.
Life is defined as the characteristic that separates functional creatures from corpses. This difference is mostly based on traits displayed by biological systems throughout evolution. On this basis, it appears that being alive is dependent on the system's ability to remain invariant under the constraint of maintaining mutually dependent magnitudes such as shape, function, energy, and information through the organization of an internal hierarchy dynamically connected with the environment. The scientific explanation for this intricate connection lowers the living hierarchy to the sum of all constituent parts represented in isolation.
As a result, the ensuing functional teleonomies may be explained by the diachronic character of the underlying processes without having to account for the genesis of their emerging links. In this work, I will propose that the role of signals in the formation of novel forms and functions might be regarded as essential in channeling natural selection toward the establishment of certain evolutionary tendencies, rather than simply described.
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In plants, the reproductive structure that produces pollen and seeds is the __________.
Group of answer choices
phloem
xylem
gametophyte
flower
Describe the structure of a neuron. Include the cell body, dendrites, and axon in your description. How does the structure of a neuron help it carry out its function efficiently?
Answer: A neuron has three main parts: dendrites, an axon, and a cell body or soma , which can be represented as the branches, roots and trunk of a tree, respectively. A dendrite (tree branch) is where a neuron receives input from other cells. Dendrites branch as they move towards their tips, just like tree branches do, and they even have leaf-like structures on them called spines.
The axon (tree roots) is the output structure of the neuron; when a neuron wants to talk to another neuron, it sends an electrical message called an action potential throughout the entire axon.
The features of neurons help them to carry out their function efficiently:
they have a long fibre (axon) so they can carry messages up and down the body over long distances
in a stimulated neuron, an electrical nerve impulse passes along the axon
the axon is insulated by a fatty (myelin) sheath - the fatty sheath increases the speed of the nerve impulses along the neuron
at each end of the neuron are tiny branches (dendrons), which branch even further into dendrites - the dendrites receive incoming nerve impulses from other neurons
Explanation:
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Which wave properly varies as the pitch of a sound wave varies A frequently b wavelength C speed D amplitude
Its A frequently
explantation: the higher the frequency wave the higher the pitch of the sound
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5. Describe how the frog's circulatory and digestive systems are physically connected.
Answer:
The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body through the veins. The circulatory system works with the respiratory system because it transports oxygen through the body as well. It works with the digestive system because it transports waste so it can be disposed.
Explanation:
joe
Answer:
I think one way its connected is through the liver? cause what the frog eats (digestive system) goes through the liver at some point to process, break down and create nutrients. And the liver is also connected to the circulatory system because it processes blood?
Explanation:
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The structural commonality of the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis is that they are __________.
The structural commonality of the biceps brachii and the rectus abdominis is that they are parallel muscles whose fibers run along through the long axis of the body.
Together with the pyramidalis muscle, the rectus abdominis is a member of the anterior abdominal muscles. However, when considering the functional architecture, these two muscles, together with the three lateral abdominal muscles—the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis make up the anterolateral abdominal wall.
The biceps brachii muscle, also known as the "biceps," is a big, thick arm muscle with two heads. The supraglenoid tubercle, located above the glenoid cavity of the scapula, is the location of the long head. It is extra synovial while being in the intracapsular area.
At the humeral head, the long biceps tendon curves sharply before continuing on in the bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus). Ligaments in the capsular region (also known as the biceps pulley) hold this pivotal point in place.
Short head: Arises at the coracoid process of the scapula, where it partially fuses with the coracobrachialis origin tendon.
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List the functions of water in the body. Why is it important to maintain good fluid balance inside and outside of the cells
Answer:
According to scientists , water occupies up to 60 % of the human body .
The importance of water in the human body are ;
Transport Formation of bodily fluids i.e. saliva Digestion Regulates body temperatures Circulation of nutrientsExplanation:
The reason why it is important to maintain good fluid balance within and without he cells is because , It can dissolve various elements to make then easily absorbed into other system .There are many fluids which rely on water for volume e.g. blood which is the main component of the circulatory systems , water also regulates the temperature and heart pressure ,
Through electrolysis , fluid balance in the cells can be achieved and it also helps to generate nerve impulses .
What is the name of the process that plants use to remove carbon dioxide from the atomsphere
Answer:
photosynthesis
Explanation: