The density of aluminum metal is 9.692 g/cm3.
Density is an important concept to understand when it comes to matter and materials. It is the measure of how much mass is contained within a given unit of volume.
Density can vary greatly depending on the composition of the material, and understanding this concept can help us to understand how materials interact with each other.
Aluminum is a lightweight metal with an atomic mass of 26.98 g/mol. It crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit cell and has an atomic radius of 143.2 pm.
To calculate the density of aluminum, we can use the equation: density = mass/volume.
The volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell is calculated as (4π/3)×(atomic radius)3 = (4π/3)×(143.2 pm)3 = 2.77 x 10-23 cm3.
Therefore, the density of aluminum is 26.98 g/mol / 2.77 x 10-23 cm3 = 9.692 g/cm3.
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A reaction yields 0.00961 mol of O2 gas. What
volume will the gas occupy if it is collected at
34.0◦C and 0.922 atm pressure?
The gas will occupy 0.2624 L at 34.0 [tex]^oC[/tex] and 0.922 atm pressure.
Ideal gas problemFor an ideal gas:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvin.
In this case:
P = 0.922 atm
V is what we are looking for
n = 0.00961 mol
R = 0.082 L atm.mol−1⋅K−1
T = 34 + 273 = 307 kelvin
Making V the subject of the formula:
V = nRT/P
= 0.00961 x 0.082 x 307/0.922
= 0.2624 L
In other words, the volume that the oxygen will occupy would be 0.2624 L.
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What is 4NA + 8CI2= NaCi
The coefficient that would be in the front of NaCl will be 2.
Mole ratio of reactants in reactionsThe normal balanced equation of reaction between sodium (Na) and chlorine molecule (Cl2) is as follows:
[tex]2Na + Cl_2 --- > 2NaCl[/tex]
Thus 2 moles of Na is required to completely react with 1 mole of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] to produce 1 mole of NaCl.
In the reaction depicted reaction 4 moles of Na and 12 moles of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] were made available for the production of NaCl. However, the mole ratio for a complete reaction is 2 moles of Na to 1 mole of NaCl.
2 moles Na = 1 mole NaCl
4 moles Na = 4x1/2 = 2 moles NaCl
This means that the coefficient of NaCl in the equation should be 2.
However, there is a catch. The [tex]Cl_2[/tex] seems to be in excess.
2 moles Na = 1 mole of [tex]Cl_2[/tex]
4 moles Na = 4x1/2
= 2 moles of [tex]Cl_2[/tex]
This means about 6 moles of [tex]Cl_2[/tex] will be in excess.
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4Na + 8Cl2 ---------> ? NaCl
What is the coefficient that belongs in front of NaCl?
78.1g of CO₂ gas are in a rigid 48.0L container at 0°C.
What is the pressure of the gas?
According to question the pressure of the gas is 4.45 atm.
Pressure is a physical force exerted on a surface by an object or a liquid. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pounds per square inch (psi) or pascals (Pa). Pressure is created when a force is applied to an object, causing it to compress or expand.
The pressure of the gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
To calculate the pressure, we first need to calculate the number of moles of CO₂ gas in the container. We can do this by using the molar mass of CO₂, which is 44.01 g/mol.
n = (78.1 g CO₂) / (44.01 g/mol) = 1.77 mol
Now that we have the number of moles, we can calculate the pressure using the ideal gas law.
P = (1.77 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/K·mol)(273 K) / (48.0 L)
P = 4.45 atm
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___is the transfer of heat through the movement of a fluid such as water or air.
Answer:
Convection
is the movement of heat by a fluid such as water or air. The fluid (liquid or gas) moves from one location to another, transferring heat along with it. This movement of a mass of heated water or air is called a current. Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.
Humans process some foods by adding chemicals to reduce harmful bacterial growth. This allows foods to be edible for longer periods of time. Which best describes the advantages of food processing?.
According to the claim, one benefit of food processing is its capacity to lessen the growth of dangerous germs, which in turn prolongs the shelf life of food.
Thus, Extended Shelf Life: Perishable goods can have their shelf lives extended by using food processing procedures like canning, freezing, or adding preservatives. Customers may now preserve and enjoy these items for longer periods of time without worrying about them going bad.
Improved Food Safety: Food processing aids in lowering the risk of foodborne illnesses by employing chemicals and processing techniques that stop the growth of dangerous germs.
Thus, According to the claim, one benefit of food processing is its capacity to lessen the growth of dangerous germs, which in turn prolongs the shelf life of food.
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Draw the best Lewis structure for
CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH2CH3)2CHO, a neutral molecule.
HELP PLEASE
the best Lewis structure for CH3CH(CH3)CH2C(CH2CH3)2CHO, a neutral molecule has been shown in the image
A Lewis Structure is a very simple example of a molecule's valence shell electrons. It is used to depict how electrons in a molecule are set up around individual atoms. Gilbert N. Lewis, who introduced the Lewis structure in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, was decided to name after it. Lewis structures broaden on the electron dot diagram notion by trying to add routes among atoms to portray shared pairs in a chemical bond. The Lewis Symbol is generated by putting dots chosen to represent electrons in the external energy around the element symbol.
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When you hold a textbook and a pencil, why does the textbook feel heavier than the pencil?
(1 point)
O You can grip the pencil with more strength.
O The textbook has a stronger attraction to Earth.
O The textbook has less mass than the pencil.
O Your hand repels the textbook with less force.
The textbook has a stronger attraction to Earth.
OPtion B is correct
How is speed related to gravity?As objects fall to the ground, gravity accelerates their descent. Acceleration is a change in velocity, while velocity is a measurement of the speed and direction of motion. Due to gravity, objects fall, and the further they fall, the faster they fall.
The pencil has a momentum greater than zero, whereas the textbook has zero momentum because it has no velocity.
Is gravity really nonexistent?Not having zero gravity
Contrary to common belief, there is no such thing as zero gravity. Weightlessness and zero gravity are two different ideas. The earth's gravity maintains the moon's orbit.
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16) Which of the following single-replacement reactions will result in NO REACTION?
A. Na(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
B. Na(s) + Al(NO3)2(aq) ->
C. Na(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq) ->>
D. Na(s) + Fe(NO3)2(aq) →>>
E. Na(s) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)
HELP ME PLEASE ASAP I NEED HELP WITH QUESTION 1.2
The section of the periodic table in Figure 1 that is most likely to contain element R is section A.
What is the explanation about above answer?Based on the information you provided, element Q is a dull solid with a melting point of 44 °C and does not conduct electricity. These properties suggest that element Q is likely a non-metal. Therefore, the section of the periodic table in Figure 1 that is most likely to contain element Q is section B. This is because non-metals have a low melting and boiling point and they are poor conductors of electricity.Regarding element R, the information provided is its formula R2+ and R3+. These formulas suggest that element R is likely a metal and has a positive charge. Therefore, the section of the periodic table in Figure 1 that is most likely to contain element R is section A. This is because most of the elements in section A are metals and they have positive charges. Since the given information is not enough to determine the position of the element R precisely, however, it's likely that section A is the most probable one.To learn more about conductor refer:
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What is the % yield if 4 moles of hydrogen is reacted with 3 moles of oxygen and produces 3 moles of water?
% yield if 4 moles of hydrogen react with 3 moles of oxygen to form 3 moles of water (H2 + 1/2 O2 -> H2O). a. 25%.
How many moles of H2O are produced from 3 moles of oxygen?That indicates that their mole ratio is one, making it simple to calculate how many moles of water H 20 there are. That will be equivalent to two times the amount of oxygen in moles. That is three multiplied. Thus, we have the quantity of H2 that is equal to six moles.Four moles of water will be created when four moles of hydrogen gas are burned in an environment with an abundance of oxygen.Multiply the molar mass of the product by the predicted moles per unit. The molar mass of HF, for instance, is 20 grammes. The theoretical yield is 80 grammes if 4 moles of HF are anticipated. Subtract the theoretical yield from the product's actual yield.To learn more about hydrogen refer to:
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Identify the following reaction types as combustion, synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, or double displacement.
Answer: 1. Double replacement. 2. Combustion. 3. Single replacement. 4. Synthesis. 5. Decomposition
Explanation:
1. One of the parts of each of the reactants is swapped 2. Carbon dioxide and water are always produced in combustion. 3. One is swapped. 4. Two different things combine to make a single thing. 5. One single thing decomposes to make two different things.
"How many grams of NH3 can be produced from the reaction of 28 g of N2 and 25 g of H2?
N2 + 3H2 ---> 2NH3
==> 28 g N2 x (1 mol N2/14.0 g N2) x (2 mol NH3/1 mol N2) x ( 17.0 g NH3/ 1 mol NH3) = 68 g NH3
25 g H2 x ( 1mol H2/2.0 g H2) x (2 mol NH3/3 mol H2) x (17 g NH3/2 mol NH3) = 141.7 g NH3
So, 68 g NH3 can be produced because N2 is the limiting reactant and you will run out of it first.
To find how much excess reagent is left, we need to do the reaction backwards using the previous answer.
68 g NH3 x ( 1mol NH3/17.0 g NH3) x ( 3 mol H2/2 mol NH3) x ( 2.o g H2/1 mol H2) = 12 g H2
25-12=13 g H2 "
28 grams of N2 x (1 mol N2/14.0 grams of N2) x (2 mol NH3/1 mol N2) x (17.0 g NH3/ 1 mol NH3) = 68 grams NH3
25 g H2 x (1mol H2/2.0 g H2) x (2 mol NH3/3 mol H2) x (17 grams NH3/2 mol NH3) = 141.7 grams of NH3
So, 68 g NH3 can be produced because N2 is the limiting reactant, and you will run out of it first.
To find how much excess reagent is left, we need to do the reaction backward using the previous answer.
68 g NH3 x (1mol NH3/17.0 g NH3) x (3 mol H2/2 mol NH3) x (2.o g H2/1 mol H2) = 12 g H2
25-12=13 g H2 "
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Is NADH the final electron acceptor?
No, isn't. NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is not the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration.
NADHIn the final stage of cellular respiration, the electron transport chain uses a series of electron carriers to transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to the final electron acceptor, which is oxygen (O2). The energy from these electrons is used to pump protons across a membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives the production of ATP through ATP synthase.
If you want to obtain the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration, you would need to provide an alternative electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. The most common final electron acceptors used in cellular respiration are oxygen (O2) in aerobes and non-oxygen compounds such as nitrate (NO3-), sulfur (S), or carbon dioxide (CO2) in anaerobes.
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Given the following equation:
2 AgNO3 + CaCl2 --> 2 AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2
What is the net ionic equation:
A. Ca2+ + 2 Cl- --> CaCl2
B. Ag+ + NO3- --> AgNO3
C. Ca2+ + 2 NO3- --> Ca(NO3)2
D. Ag+ + Cl- --> AgCl
The net ionic equation of the reaction of AgNO₃ and CaCl₂:
Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) → AgCl (s)
What are the net ionic equations?The net ionic equation can be described as an equation that represents only those elements, ions, that directly contributed to that chemical reaction.
We can write a chemical equation for the formation of AgCl:
2 AgNO₃ + CaCl₂ → 2 AgCl (s) + Ca(NO₃)₂
The complete ionic equation can be written for the above reaction is:
2 Ag⁺ (aq) + 2 NO₃⁻ (aq) + Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2 Cl⁻ → 2 AgCl (s) + Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2NO₃⁻ (aq)
In the ionic equation, the calcium and nitrate ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation. When we mix the two solutions, neither the calcium nor nitrate ions participate in the reaction. So calcium and nitrate ions can be eliminated from the ionic equation.
Ag⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq) → AgCl (s)
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According to the bohr model of the atom, the single electron of a hydrogen atom circles the nucleus...a. in specific, allowed orbits.b. in one fixed orbit at all times.c. at any of an infinite number of distances, depending on its energy.d. counterclockwise.
Option C ; At any of an infinite number of distances, depending on its energy .
Bohr described the Hydrogen atoms in terms of an electron moving in a circular route about a nexus. He supposed that the electron was confined to certain pathways characterized by separate powers.It explains the emigration and absorption spreads of atomic hydrogen and hydrogen- suchlike ions with low atomic numbers. It was the first model to introduce the generality of a quantum number to describe atomic countries and to postulate quantization of electron pathways in the tittles. Bohr’s model is an important step in the development of quantum mechanics, which deals with multitudinous- electron particles. It was the first model to introduce the conception of a amount number to describe infinitesimal countries and to hypothecate quantization of electron routeways in the snippet. Bohr’s model is an important step in the development of amount mechanics, which deals with numerous- electron tittles.
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Circle the atom in each pair that has the greater electronegativity.
a) Ca Ga
b) Li O
c) C1 S
d) Br As
e) Ba Sr f) O S
Pair of each atom that has a greater electronegativity a) Ga, b) O, c) Cl, d) Br, e) Sr.
How can you determine which electronegativity is higher?On the periodic table, electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across a period and decreases as you move down a group. As a result, the most electronegative elements are found on the top right of the periodic table, while the least electronegative elements are found on the bottom left.
Why is electronegativity higher?The electrons with negative charges are drawn to the positive charge protons in the nucleus.The electronegativity / attraction will rise with the amount of protons present in the nucleus.
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The process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution is called what
The process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution is called titration
What is titration?Titration is a method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by measuring the volume of a solution of known concentration that is needed to react with a specific amount of the unknown solution.
There are different types of titrations, each with its own specific endpoint, depending on the type of reaction taking place. For example, acid-base titrations use an indicator to signal the endpoint, while redox titrations use an electrode or a color change to signal the endpoint.
Therefore, Titrations are commonly used in laboratories to determine the concentration of a wide variety of substances, such as acids, bases, and electrolytes in a solution. They are also used in industries such as food, pharmaceuticals and environmental analysis.
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How do you find partial pressure from mole fraction?
To find partial pressure from mole fraction, we have to multiply mole fraction with total pressure in the event.
How to find partial pressure with example?Partial pressure is a result of multiplying of mole fraction and total pressure or in formula it is written as Pfraction = molefraction x Ptotal. To make it easief for you to understand, let's see the example below:
Let say we have a room with 24.2 g of He and 4.32 g of O2 at 2.611 atm pressure. In this case, before we calculate the partial pressure we have to calculate the mole fraction
24.2 g Neon x 1 mol Neon / 20.18 g Neon = 1.199 mol Neon
4.32 g Oxygen x 1 mol Oxygen / 31.998 g O2 = 0.135 mol Oxygen.
Total moles = 1.199 x 0.135 = 1.334 mol gas
Mole fraction Ne = 1.199 mol/1.334 mol = 0.899
Mole fraction O₂ = Oxygen: 0.135/1.334 = .101
Then find the partial pressure
PNe = mole fraction Ne x Ptot = 0.899 x 2.611 atm = 2.35 atm
PO2 = mole fraction O ₂ x Ptot = 0.101 x 2.611 atm = 0.264 atm
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Classify the C- Cl bond in CCl4 as ionic, polar covalent or non-polar covalent. (EN: C-2.5, C-3,0)
A. ionic
B. polar covalent
C. nonpolar covalent
C. nonpolar covalent is the nature of C-Cl bond in the compound CCl4 having (Electronegativity: C-2.5, C-3,0).
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms. The bond between C and Cl in CCl4 is a covalent bond. The electronegativity difference between C and Cl is small (EN C = 2.5 and EN Cl = 3.0), indicating that the bond is nonpolar covalent. In a nonpolar covalent bond, the electrons are shared equally between the atoms, and there is no separation of charge. The atoms have the same pull on the electrons, meaning that the electrons are shared equally between the atoms. In this case, the bond between C and Cl is nonpolar covalent because the electronegativity of C and Cl are similar, and the electrons are shared equally. Therefore, the bond is not polarized and there is no separation of charge. To sum up, C-Cl bond in CCl4 is not ionic and not polar covalent, it is a nonpolar covalent bond.
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what mass of CO2 will be produced from the reaction of 37.5 g c2h6?
The mass of carbondioxide that will be produced from the reaction of 37.5g of C₂H₆ is 110 grams.
How to calculate moles using stoichiometry?Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).
According to this question, ethane reacts with oxygen to produce carbondioxide and water as follows:
2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O
Based on the above reaction, 2 moles of ethane produces 4 moles of carbondioxide
37.5g of ethane = 1.25moles of ethane
moles of carbondioxide = (1.25 × 4) ÷ 2 = 2.5 moles
mass of carbondioxide = 2.5mol × 44g/mol = 110grams of carbondioxide.
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A _____________ __________________ occurs at the coast of oceans and other large water bodies during sunny days
A sea breeze occurs at the coast of oceans and other large water bodies during sunny days.
Where does sea breeze occur?The term sea breeze defined as it describes a wind that blows from the ocean inland towards land. In daytime, the land surface heats up faster than the water surface.
The sea breeze occurs mostly in the spring and summer months because of the higher temperature differences between the ocean and nearby land, mostly in the afternoon when the land is at more heating from the sun.
Thus, A sea breeze occurs at the coast of oceans and other large water bodies during sunny days.
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A gas at 110 °C exerts a pressure
of 225 torr in a sealed container.
The temperature drops to 65 °C.
What is the pressure of the gas at
the cooler temperature?
Answer:
The pressure of the gas when the temperature drops to 65°C is 133 Torr.
Explanation:
Guy-Lussacs lawThe Gay-Lussac law is a version of the ideal gas law in which the volume of the gas remains constant. A gas's pressure is exactly proportional to its temperature while its volume remains constant. The formula can be defined like this [tex]\frac{T1}{P1} = \frac{T2}{P2}[/tex].Answer BreakdownGiven informationThe gas is initially 110°C and has a pressure of 225 Torr.The temperature of the gas drops to 65°C and the question is asking us to find the pressure drop of the gas.Set up the proportionGiven the formula: [tex]\frac{T1}{P1} = \frac{T2}{P2}[/tex], T1 = 110°C & P1 = 225 TorrT2 = 65°C & P2 = ?[tex]\frac{110C}{225 Torr} = \frac{65C}{P2}[/tex]Cross-multiply, divide, and solve110°C X P2 = 225Torr x 65°C110°CP2 = 14,625P2= 132.95 which is best rounded off to 133 Torr.Please let me know if this helped!!!
6. What is the IUPAC name for the following compound? C(CH3)3 CH2CH(CH3)2
A. 3-t-butyl-5-isobutylnonanedioic acid
B. 3-isopropyl-4-isobutyloctanoic acid
C. 4-t-isopropyl-5-isobutylnonanedioic acid
D. 4-f-isopropyl-5-secbutylnonanedioic acid
The correct IUPAC name for the given compound is C. 4-t-isopropyl-5-isobutylnonanedioic acid.
What is a compound?A compound is a material that results from the chemical bonding of two or more elements. The elements contained in mixes are not chemically linked to one another.
Ionic and covalent bonds are the two most frequent forms of bonding that hold components together in compounds.
It is important to note that IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic method for naming organic compounds and it has a set of rules and guidelines to follow.
It is best to use a software or an online tool to get the IUPAC name of a compound as it can be complex and time-consuming task to do by hand.
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Which type of soil can retain the greatest amount of water?One that has low permeabilityOne that has low porosityOne that has high permeabilityOne that has high porosity
The type of the soil that can retain the greatest amount of the water is the one that has high prosperity. The clay soil has retain the mor amount of the water.
The porosity means the space in between the soil particles, that will filled with air or the water. The clay soil has the large pore space , that means it can retain the greatest amount of the water. The clay soil has the greatest water holding capacity. The clay soil has the high porosity and least permeable.
Thus, the soil which can retain the greatest amount of the water is the soil with the high porosity.
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How many molecules of O2 are in the container in problem 6? How many atoms of oxygen
The number of molecules or the number of atoms that the oxygen has has is 9.6 * 10^22 molecules/ atoms.
What is the number of molecules of oxygen present?We have to note that the number of the molecules of the oxygen that we have can be obtained by the use of the hypothesis that have been put forward by Avogadro.
We know that;
22.4 L of oxygen is contained in one mole of oxygen
3.5 L of oxygen would contain 3.5 * 1/22.4
= 0.16 moles of oxygen
If 1 mole of oxygen contains 6.02 * 10^23 molecules /atoms
0.16 moles of oxygen would contain 0.16 * 6.02 * 10^23/1
=9.6 * 10^22 molecules/ atoms
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Missing parts;
How many molecules of O2 are in a 3.5-liter container? How many atoms?
What type of cells are contained within the digestive tract lining?
The digestive tract lining is made up of a variety of different cell types.
These cells include absorptive cells, which absorb nutrients from the food we eat, goblet cells, which secrete mucus to protect the digestive tract, enteroendocrine cells, which produce hormones to regulate digestion, and brush border cells, which help break down food particles.
All of these cell types work together to ensure that the digestive process runs smoothly and efficiently.
The digestive tract is lined with a type of cell known as epithelial cells. These cells are responsible for protecting the internal organs in the digestive system, absorbing nutrients, and secreting digestive enzymes. Epithelial cells also help to regulate the passage of fluids and electrolytes in and out of the body.
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Complete this table for H2O: T. C P. kPa u, kJ/kg Phase description . 400 1450 220 Saturated vapor 190 2500 . 4000 3040
Complete this table for the H₂O :
a. T=143.61 °C , saturated mixture
b. p = 2319.6 kpa . u, kJ/kg = 2601.30
c. u, kJ/kg = 806.00, compressed liquid
d. T = 450 °C , superheated vapor
The complete table for the H₂O is as :
T [°C] p [kpa] u [kJ/kg] phase description
143.61 400 1450 Saturated mixture
220 2319.6 2601.30 Saturated vapor
190 2500 806.00 Compressed liquid
450 4000 3040 Superheated vapor
The compressed liquid is also called as a sub cool liquid, that means the substance that not about to vaporized. The super heated vapor is. the steam at the temperature higher than the vaporization point at absolute pressure.
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Which has a free radical? ClO3- ; NO ; NO2- ; NO2 ?
NO and NO₂ are the free radicals.
The species which is having unpaired as well as odd number of electrons will be considered as a free radical. If the number comes out to be odd, the concerned species will be considered as a free radical. In case of NO₂, the total number of electrons is 23 (7 from nitrogen and 16 from two oxygen atoms) and in case of NO the total number of electrons is 15 (7 from nitrogen and 8 from oxygen). Hence, the species are free radical.
Whereas, in case of [tex]ClO3^{-}[/tex], the total number of electrons is 42 (17 from chlorine and 24 from three oxygen and +1 for negative charge) and in case of [tex]NO2^{-}[/tex]the total number of electrons is 24 (7 from nitrogen and 16 from oxygen and +1 for negative charge) There are even no. of electrons. Hence the [tex]ClO3^{-}[/tex] and [tex]NO2^{-}[/tex] are not a free radical.
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What causes a gas to effuse?
Effusion is said to happen when gas molecules escape into a vacuum through a pinhole.
One gas mixes with another during diffusion, typically through thermal random motion that causes collisions and releases molecular energy. The capacity of gas to pass through a small aperture is known as effusion. In chemistry, the phrases effusion and diffusion are frequently used to refer to two distinct properties of gases.
However, for many who are just beginning to learn about gases, studying the terminologies can get rather perplexing. Although they may have a similar sound, the phrases diffusion and effusion are completely different. They cannot be used interchangeably since they have different meanings.
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what is the half-life of sodium-25 if 1.00 gram of a 16.00-gram sample of sodium-25 remains unchanged after 237 seconds?
The half-life of sodium-25 is 237 seconds.
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the amount of time it takes for half of the initial amount of the substance to decay. In this case, 1.00 gram of a 16.00-gram sample of sodium-25 remains unchanged after 237 seconds, which means that half of the initial sample has decayed in that amount of time.
Therefore, the half-life of sodium-25 is 237 seconds. It's worth mentioning that the half-life of radioactive isotopes can vary depending on the element and the specific isotope. Also, the half-life of a radioactive element is an important factor in the safe handling and disposal of nuclear waste, because it determines how long the radioactive material remains dangerous.
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