The words with a blank are , magnet, coiled copper, motor, mechanical and electrical. Electric generators produce electricity by combining a moving shaft with coiled wire.
How do magnetic fields work?The magnetic field is the region where the strength of magnetism acts on a magnetic substance or a flowing electric charge. a magnetic field diagram that shows how the magnetic force is distributed both inside and outside of a magnetic substance.
Kinetic energy: What is it?When an object is moving, it has kinetic energy. If we intend to accelerate an object, we must exert a force. The task has been finished, energy has been applied to the object, and it is now moving at a fixed constant pace.
Therefore, electric generators generate electricity by combining coiled wire and moving shaft magnetic fields. Kinetic energy, or the energy of motion, is effectively transformed into electrical energy via electric generators.
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How are stage and film versions of a drama similar the viewer must infer the mood from the lighting and sound effects?
Stage and film versions of a drama are similar in that the audience must use context clues such as lighting, sound effects, and dialogue to infer the mood of a scene. This requires the audience to pay attention to the details of the performance, as subtle changes in these elements can drastically change the overall tone of the production.
The main difference between a stage and film version of a drama is that a stage production relies heavily on the physicality of the actors and their interactions with one another, while a film production relies heavily on the technical aspects such as camera angles, lighting, and sound design. Additionally, a stage production is performed live in front of an audience, while a film is created in a studio and viewed later by an audience.
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How do you solve a torque problem in physics?
Calculate the angle between the vector connecting the force's application point and the pivot point and the direction of the applied force. You may calculate the torque by multiplying r by F and sin.
How does physics explain torque?The force that can cause an object to revolve around an axis is measured in torque. Torque accelerates an object in an angular direction, much like force does in linear kinematics.
An easy explanation of torqueAn angular force known as a torque tends to produce rotation along an axis, which could be the center of mass or a fixed point. Torque can also be thought of as a thing's capacity in order to overcome turning resistance, such as a shaft or a gear, that is rotating.
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What is the major difference between static and dynamic stretching ?
Explanation:
This intense stretching method uses bouncing movements to push your body beyond its normal range of motion. Whereas static stretches are performed slowly and gradually, the ballistic method stretches muscles much farther and faster. You can do many of the same stretches as ballistic or static stretches.
What is momentum Mcq?
L=rp Angular Momentum the linear momentum p. Moment of momentum is another name for angular momentum.
How do you gain traction?List the object's mass and speed in step one. Convert any values into SI units in step two (kg, m, s). Step 3: To calculate an object's momentum, multiply the object's mass and velocity.
Can there be negative momentum?Momentum can go wrong. As a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction, momentum has both. The sign, positive or negative, in physics serves as a cue as to the direction. Positive amounts normally signify a forward or upward motion, whereas negative quantities typically indicate a backward or downward motion.
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What is momentum?
cinder block is sitting on a platform 20 m high. It weighs 79 N. The block has
energy. Calculate it.
Answer: 1580 J
Explanation:
Energy is in the form of gravitational potential energy. (GPE)
GPE = mgh , where m is the mass of the block, h is the height and g is the gravitational constant of 9.81 ms-2.
Hence,
Total energy = mass x gravitational constant x height
= Weight x height (since W = mg)
= 79 x 20 J
= 1580 J
Calculate the momentum for each case and rank each of the following from least to greatest in terms of the amount of momentum each possesses. A 10kg object moving at 10 m/s A 30 kg moving at 5 m/s A 5 kg bject moving at -25 m/s A 100N object moving at 5 m/
Ranking each of the following from least to greatest in terms of the amount of momentum each possesses:
A 5 kg object moving at -25 m/s < A 100N object moving at 5 m/s < A 10kg object moving at 10 m/s < A 30 kg moving at 5 m/s
What is momentum?Momentum is the product of a particle's mass and velocity. The fact that momentum is a vector quantity means that it has both magnitude and direction. The force pushing a particle has an equal-and-opposite impact on the speed at which its momentum changes, according to Isaac Newton's second law of motion. Take a look at Newton's laws of motion.
Newton's second law states that if a particle experiences a constant force for a predetermined period of time, the impulse—which is equal to the force multiplied by the duration—will equal the change in momentum. The amount of time required for a consistent force to bring a particle to rest, in contrast, is measured by a particle's momentum.
We know that momentum, p = mv
Where,
p = momentum
m = mass
v = velocity
Substituting the value in formula we get,
1. A 10kg object moving at 10 m/s
p = 10 × 10
= 100 kg⋅m/s
2. A 30 kg moving at 5 m/s
p = 30 × 5
= 150 kg⋅m/s
3. A 5 kg object moving at -25 m/s
p = 5 × -25
= -125 kg⋅m/s
4. A 100N object moving at 5 m/s
p = (100 × 0.10197 kg) × 5
= 10.197 × 5
= 50.985 kg⋅m/s
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You need a capacitance of 50 µF , but you don't happen to have a 50 µF capacitor. You do have a 90 µF capacitor. What additional capacitor do you need to produce a total capacitance of 50 µF?
According to the question, you would need to add a 40 µF capacitor in order to produce a total capacitance of 50 µF.
What is the capacitor?
An electrical component known as a capacitor stores energy in an electric field. It is made up of two metal plates separated by an insulator, such as air, paper, plastic, or ceramic. When a voltage is applied to the plates, a charge is stored in the electric field. This charge can then be released when the voltage is removed. Capacitors are used in a variety of applications, such as providing energy storage in power supplies, filtering signals in electronic circuits, and providing energy to motors in electrical devices. They can also be used to balance out electrical loads in a circuit, and provide a steady current for the circuit. Capacitors can vary in size, shape, and material depending on the application.
In this case, 90 µF + 40 µF = 130 µF, and 130 µF - 90 µF = 40 µF. Therefore, you would need to add a 40 µF capacitor to the 90 µF capacitor to achieve a total capacitance of 50 µF.
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Which of the following is a thermodynamic process in which a system returns to the same conditions under which it started?
A) a cyclic process
B) an adiabatic process
C) an isovolumetric process
D) an isothermal process
A cyclic process is a thermodynamic process where the initial and final states are identical. As a result, both the system's initial and end internal energies are constant. As a result, the system's capacity to absorb heat is determined by the work it performs during a cycle.
What is a Thermodynamic Process?A thermodynamic process is one that modifies the system's thermodynamic state. A transition from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium characterizes a change in a system. The actual course of the process is not the main focus in classical thermodynamics and is frequently disregarded.
There are several different types of thermodynamic processes, such as (a) isothermal, in which the system's temperature stays constant; (b) adiabatic, in which no heat is exchanged; (c) isobaric, in which the system's pressure stays constant; and (d) isochoric, in which the system's volume stays constant.
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Contrast the force of gravity between these
pairs of objects: a 1-kg mass and a 2-kg
mass that are 1 m apart; a 1-kg mass and a
2-kg mass that are 2 m apart; and two 2-kg
masses that are 1 m apart.
The force of gravity between these pairs of objects: a 1-kg mass and a 2-kg mass that are 1 m apart is 13.[tex]10^{-11}[/tex]34N.
For 2 m apart 6.67[tex]10^{-11}[/tex]N.
For 2-kg mass that are 2 m apart; and two 2-kg masses that are 1 m apart is 26.68N.
How many gravitational forces are there?The resultant (vector sum) of two forces is the force of gravity on Earth: (a) the gravitational pull according to Newton's universal law of gravitation; and (b) the centrifugal force, which is the outcome of choosing an earthbound, rotating frame of reference.
Force between two object is calculated f=Gmm/r^2.
G=6,67*10^-7
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When using a torque increases with a lever?
Since torque is directly proportional to body mass, while the lever arm remains fixed and the mass of the stone grows, so does the torque.
Lever:
Lever is a type of simple machine composed of a stiff beam and a fulcrum. The fulcrum is the point on which the beam pivots. The effort and load are delivered to either end of the beam. A load is applied to the opposite end of a lever when force is applied to the one end.
The three classes of levers are first, second, and third class levers.
The fulcrum of superior levers is positioned between the weight and the effort.
Levers of inferior quality with weight between the fulcrum and the effort
Third-class levers need effort between movements fulcrum and load.
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Bill weighs 160 lb. He is standing on a scale inside an elevator. What is the reading on the scale if the elevator is accelerating downward
the scale's readout if indeed the elevator is decelerating faster than 160 lb .
The elevator speeds up or down, right?Your perceived weight is equal to the normal force.Therefore, whenever the elevator accelerates or upwards downward, you truly feel tiny bit heavier than normal and a little lighter than usual.
If an elevator malfunctions, should you lay down?Any jump you make would only slow the lift's descent to the ground by a very small amount.Even though you could jump perfectly timed and with all the force your legs could produce, it would be pointless.Your greatest option, as opposed to jumping, is to fold down.
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An object is dropped from the edge of a cliff and is moving at 26.5 m/s just before it hits the ground. How high is the cliff
Here initial speed u=0m/s final speed v=26.5 m/s and acceleration due to gravity g=9.81 m/s^2
CalculationWhere:
m = mass of the object (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2)
h = height of the cliff (m)
We know the velocity of the object just before it hits the ground, which is 26.5 m/s. We can use this velocity to calculate the kinetic energy of the object just before it hits the ground.
KE = (1/2)mv^2
As the object is dropped from the cliff, its initial potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. Therefore, the initial potential energy is equal to the final kinetic energy.
GPE = KE
mgh = (1/2)mv^2
We can solve for h by rearranging the equation and substituting the known values for GPE, KE, m, and g.
How can I determine the speed of a falling object before it reaches the ground?Simply multiply the acceleration of gravity by the period of time since the object was released to determine the object's speed (or velocity). In other words, velocity is equal to -9.81 m/s2 * time, or V = gt. The item is just traveling downwards when there is a negative sign.
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Why the ball accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope?
The ball accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope because of the constant gravitational force acting on it in a major portion and the rolling tangential force on the object is acting in the smaller form.
Rolling motion of any object occurs when the object starts sliding in a different methods from the other objects such as when the objects starts to roll from the ramp or any other sloppy surface and it rolls down due to the gravitational force and with many other forces such as the rolling tangential force. many forces are acting on the object at the same moment and we are just seeing the gravitational force which is playing a major portion. Hence by this information we can consider that the ball accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope because of the constant gravitational force acting on it in a major portion and the rolling tangential force on the object is acting in the smaller form.
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Define the following
a. Length:
b. Density:
c.Mass:
d. Volume:
e Standard:
Answer:
a.the measurement or extent of something from end to end; the greater of two or the greatest of three dimensions of a body.
b.is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together. It is defined as the mass per unit volume.
c.Mass is a physical magnitude and general property of matter that expresses the inertia or resistance to change in motion of a body.
d.Mass is a physical magnitude and general property of matter that expresses the inertia or resistance to change in motion of a body.
e.
1. There are only two factors that affect your environment. (1 point)
O True
OFalse
2. Seasonal changes impact the environment. (1 point)
True
OFalse
3. Plants in a room can actually improve air quality. (1 point)
O True
OFalse
4. Scientists are not concerned with the human impact on the environment.
True
OFalse
5. Land environments are different than water environments. (1 point)
True
False
(1 point)
Seasonal changes impact the environment. is There are only two factors that affect your environment.
What is seasonal behavior?Seasonal affective disorder, a clinically diagnosed syndrome, is believed to represent the morbid extreme of a spectrum of seasonality. Two types of seasonality have been clinically described: one characterized by a winter pattern and a second by a summer pattern of depressive mood disturbance.
Does seasonal mean every year?Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes that recur every calendar year. Any predictable fluctuation or pattern that recurs or repeats over a one-year period is said to be seasonal.
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Normal
Question
Question 22
A projectile is launched into space where there is very little friction. According to Newton's law of inertia, the projectile willmost likely continue to travel in a straight line and?
The projectile will probably keep moving in a straight line and at a constant speed as long as no unbalanced forces are acting on it, according to Newton's law of inertia.
What is law of inertia?The law of inertia, also known as Newton's first law, states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force. In simple words, an object will remain in the same state of motion unless acted upon by an external force. This law explains why it is difficult to start an object moving and easy to keep it moving once it is in motion. This law applies to all objects and is a fundamental principle of physics. It also helps to understand the concept of force, motion and energy in physics.To learn more about law of inertia refer:
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Stern observed all of the following results EXCEPT _______ in his experiment. A. one of the recombinant phenotypes was associated with an X chromosome of normal length B-the number of car, B. male offspring was roughly equal to the number of car+, B male offspring C. the number of males was roughly equal to the number of females D. offspring with red, round eyes resulted from fertilization of eggs containing recombinant X chromosomes
The number of males was roughly equal to the number of females: Stern observed all of the following results EXCEPT _______ in his experiment.
What is experiment?
The Stern-Gerlach experiment (also known as the Stern-Gerlach experiment or the Stern-Gerlach magneto-optical experiment) was a landmark experiment in the early 20th century that demonstrated the inherent quantization of atomic-scale systems. It was conducted in 1922 by Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach in Germany.
The experiment showed that when a beam of silver atoms was passed through a non-uniform magnetic field, the beam split into two separate beams travelling in different directions. This showed that the silver atoms had two possible orientations of their magnetic dipole moment, which could only take on two discrete values. This phenomenon is now known as the Stern-Gerlach effect and is a fundamental part of quantum mechanics.
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(I know the velocity (1.6m/s) and now I want to find the angle of the vector. )
A rower intends to row his raft at its top speed of 1.5 m/s from the south bank of a river to a point
directly opposite on the north bank. He fails to recognise the river current which pulls a Jog west at
0.50 m/s, What is the raft's resultant velocity with respect to the bank?
Answer:
R = 1.5 to the northeast
C = .5 to the west
B = C + R adding vectors head to tail
Vector B will be straight north or directly across the river
B = (1.5^2 - .5^2)^1/2
B = 2^1/2 = 1.41
Adding the vectors as described shows that if the rower rows at 1.5 m/s in a northeasterly direction and the river carries the boat downstream at .5 m/s the net speed of the boat is 1.41 m/s straight north
How does the flux of light from an isotropic source depend on the distance r from the source?
A. r 2
B. r -2
C. r -1
D. r 1
E. r 1/2
F. none of the above
The flux of light from an isotropic source depend on the distance r from the source by r-2.
What is isotropic source?
An isotropic source is a source of radiation or sound that emits energy in all directions equally. This type of source is usually assumed to have uniform power density in all directions, making it a simplifying assumption when analyzing a system. Examples include a point source in free space, such as a light bulb, or a sound source in a room.
The flux of light from an isotropic source (a source that radiates uniformly in all directions) decreases as the inverse square of the distance from the source. This means that the flux of light from the source decreases according to the equation F = 1/r2, where F is the flux of light, and r is the distance from the source. Therefore, the flux of light from an isotropic source decreases with the distance r from the source according to the equation F = r-2.
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Order the electromagnetic waves from lowest frequency (1) to highest (4). gamma: infrared: x-ray: visible light:
Gamma: 4
Infrared: 1
X-Ray: 3
Visible Light: 2
Infrared has the longest wavelength between the four options, meaning that it has the lowest frequency. Since the longer the frequency, the lower the frequency. While the shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency.
The portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are called from greatest to lowest energy: gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, and radio waves. Microwaves (such as those used in microwave ovens) are a subset of the electromagnetic spectrum's radio wave segment.
Next would be visible light since it has the second longest wavelength out of the given options. Then it would be X-Ray. And finally Gamma since it has the shortest wavelength.
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The net electric force acting on each of the three objects below is sketched as a green arrow. For example, if the green arrow points to the left the object feels a net electric force pushing it to the left. If there is no green arrow, the object feels no net electric force. Use this information to assign an electric charge to each object. That is, decide whether each object has a positive electric charge, a negative electric charge, or is neutral.
Electric force is the attraction or repelling force that exists between any two charged objects. Newton's laws of motion, which apply to all forces, describe how a force acts and what it does to the target body.
Electric force is produced by what?Mutual interactions between two charges produce electrical forces. When there are three or more charges present, the cumulative effects of each charge's interactions with the other charges produce the electric force acting on a single charge.
Electric force: how powerful is it?2.40 x 1043 times more powerful than the gravitational force is the electric force between these electrons. Or, to put it another way, gravity is only about a trillion trillion trillion trillion times as strong as electricity.
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Why do we think tiny quantum ripples should have been present in the very early universe?
A) The shock wave of the Big Bang caused ripples that expanded outward with time.
B) The energy released when the strong force froze out of the GUT force caused shock waves that produced ripples in the universe.
C) Matter and antimatter particles that spontaneously formed from high-energy photons caused perturbations in the radiation field.
D) The annihilation of matter and antimatter particles caused tiny explosions that perturbed the radiation field.
E) Quantum mechanics requires that the energy fields at any point in space be continually fluctuating as a result of the uncertainty principle.
The correct answer of the following statement is:
E) The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics dictates that energy fields anywhere at location in space must be constantly fluctuating.
What is Quantum mechanics?Quantum Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the subatomic level. It explains the behavior of particles such as electrons, protons, and neutrons and how they interact with each other and with electromagnetic radiation. It also describes the behavior of matter on a macroscopic scale, such as the behavior of solids, liquids, and gases. Quantum Mechanics provides an understanding of the behavior of matter on the smallest scales, allowing us to understand the structure of the universe and its evolution over time.
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Does mass affect change in temperature?
Mass doesn't affect change in temperature
Simply put, mass is the quantity of material that is present. As a result, since there will always be the same amount of matter present, changing the temperature has no direct impact on mass.
A substance's temperature is a gauge for determining how hot or cold it is. It serves as a gauge for typical kinetic energy. The molecules of the substance move very swiftly at high temperatures. The molecules move very slowly when the temperature is low.
A thermometer is used to measure temperature, however there are numerous other sorts of units that can represent temperature. Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are the most widely used units. Heat and temperature are two different concepts that shouldn't be confounded. Heat, as opposed to temperature, is a type of energy and is quantified in Joules.
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A car drives up a straight hill at a constant speed of 50 kilometers per hour. A truck drives over the crest of the hill at a constant speed of 50 miles per hour. What is the net force on the car and on the truck
As a result, the net pressures on the automobile and truck are zero.
what is pressure ?
If you tried to smash a bowling pin into the wall, nothing would happen except that people would stop lending you bowling pins. If you used the same force to hammer a nail, the nail would be far more likely to pierce the wall. This demonstrates that knowing the quantity of the force isn't always enough: you also need to know how that force is distributed over the impact surface. The nail condensed all of the power between the wall and the nail into a relatively tiny region on the pointed tip of the nail. However, because the area of the bowling pin that touched the wall was significantly bigger, the force was much less focused.
Newton's Second Law states that the net Force acting on an object is given by
MA Fnet = MA
The acceleration is given by the ratio of the change in velocity of an object and the time it takes to change velocity.
(Vf - Vi)/T = a
If the vehicles are driving at constant speeds, their velocity change is zero (0).
If the velocity change is zero, the acceleration is also zero (0).
As a result, Fnet = M(0) = 0.
As a result, the net pressures on the automobile and truck are zero.
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How do you find the acceleration of a ball rolling down a slope?
The ball accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope because of the constant gravitational force acting on it in a major portion and the rolling tangential force on the object is acting in the smaller form.
Rolling motion of any object occurs when the object starts sliding in a different methods from the other objects such as when the objects starts to roll from the ramp or any other sloppy surface and it rolls down due to the gravitational force and with many other forces such as the rolling tangential force. many forces are acting on the object at the same moment and we are just seeing the gravitational force which is playing a major portion. Hence by this information we can consider that the ball accelerates at a constant rate as it moves down the slope because of the constant gravitational force acting on it in a major portion and the rolling tangential force on the object is acting in the smaller form.
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A 65.6 kg ice skater moving to the right with a velocity of 2.65 m/s throws a 0.142 kg snowball to the right with a velocity of 32.7 m/s relative to the ground. What is the velocity of the ice skater after throwing the snowball
The velocity of the ice skater after throwing the snowball is 0.08m/s.
Given data as per the question is,
Mass of ice skater= 65.6kg
Velocity 1= 2.65m/s
Mass of the Snowball= 0.142kg
Velocity 2= 25.2m/s
Conditions before snowball is thrown:
Total mass of skater + snowball = 65.6+ 0.142 = 65.742kg
Total Momentum of skater + snowball = mv = 65.6 x 2.65 = 173.84 kgm/s
Conditions after snowball is thrown:
Let's call the velocity of the skater V.
Total momentum = momentum of skater + momentum of snowball
=65.6V + (4.6434)
= 65.6V + 4.6434
173.84 = 65.6V+4.6434
173.84- 4.6434= 65.6V
169.19=65.6 V
V= 175.156/69.22
V = 2.57m/s
The total momentum after catching the snowball is mV or:
(65.6 + 0.142) x V
So:
4.6434= 65.742V
V= 5.544/69.22
V=0.08m/s
The velocity of the ice skater after throwing the snowball is 0.08m/s
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How much tension must a rope withstand if it is used to accelerate a 1810- kg car horizontally along a frictionless surface at 1.40 m/s2
The tension is the only force exerted horizontally to the car.And according to Newton's Law, F = ma = 1210kg * 1.20m/s = 1452N.So T =1452N.
How would a surface without friction feel?It just seems slick, almost like touching ice but without the frigid sensation, according to my firsthand experience of both. Sorry, it's really nothing exceptional. Any surface would be sufficient if it had some lubrication oil on it.
Is there any surface in the world without friction?In reality, there are no frictionless planes. If they did exist, items on them would almost certainly behave exactly as Galileo predicted if they did. Despite not existing, they are extremely valuable for designing things like engines, motors, roads, and even tow truck beds, to mention a few.
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The ECG waveform has various components such as waves, segments, and intervals; when these components differ from the expected norm, this indicates:
The ECG waveform has many components such as segments, waves, and intervals; when these components differ from the expected forms, this indicates dysrhythmia.
An abnormal or irregular heartbeat is referred to as cardiac dysrhythmia. Your heart may beat too slowly or too fastly if you have dysrhythmia. Or your heart's rhythm may be disturbed, giving you the sensation that your heart missed a beat.
Thus, when the ECG waveform is different than normally it is expected, it shows a sign of dysrhythmia. When a person experiences dysrhythmia, and the rate of their heartbeat becomes irregular but still, it lies within the normal range.
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Part A
Determine the electric field strength in the region r ≤a. Give your answer as a multiple of Q/E0. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables a, b, c, r, and the constant π.
The electric field in the region r ≤a is E [tex]= - \frac{r}{4\pi a^3} . \frac{Q}{e_0} r[/tex]
The total charge is enclosed within the Gaussian surface.
Q[tex]_{enc}[/tex] = 2Q - Q = Q
Therefore, applying Gauss's law over the Gaussian surface
∫[tex]_{s}[/tex]E.dS = Q[tex]_{enc}[/tex]/ε₀ ⇒ E.4πr² = Q/ε₀ ⇒ E = Q/4πε₀r²(r)
In question solution:
A[tex]_{sphere}[/tex] = 4πr²
ΦE = ∫E⋅dA
ΦE = q/ε₀
E = q/(A⋅ε₀)
E = q/(4πr²ε₀)
for r≤a, qin = -Q
E [tex]= - \frac{r}{4\pi a^3} . \frac{Q}{e_0} r[/tex]
So, the electric field in the region is E [tex]= - \frac{r}{4\pi a^3} . \frac{Q}{e_0} r[/tex]
Your question is incomplete but most probably your full question was:
A uniformly charged ball of radius a and charge −Q is at the center of a hollow metal shell with inner radius b and outer radius c. The hollow sphere has a net charge of +2Q.
Part A: Determine the electric field strength in the region r ≤a. Give your answer as a multiple of Q/E0. Express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables a, b, c, r, and the constant π.
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jordan wants to see if earthworms prefer rough or smooth terrain to crawl through. What will be his independent variable
The independent variable in this investigation is the type of surface which is changing whereas, the dependent variable is the mobility of earth worm.
What is independent variable?In a experiment or investigation, there are two types of variables which are dependent and independent variable. Dependent variable are those which are dependent on other variables and are changing with respect to other variables.
Independent variables are those not dependent on any other variables and we can change the independent variable to study the change in dependent variable.
Here, the one we studying is the mobility of earth worm which is the dependent variable and the type of surface rough or smooth is the independent variable.
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