The absolute value of the voltage across the biological membrane is approximately 64 mV.
To calculate the absolute value of the voltage across a biological membrane with [Na+] outside = 140 mM and [Na+] inside = 12 mM, under standard conditions, you can use the Nernst equation. The Nernst equation is given by:
E = (RT/zF) * ln([Na+]outside / [Na+]inside)
Where:
- E represents the voltage (or membrane potential) across the membrane
- R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)
- T is the temperature in Kelvin (standard condition is 25°C, which is 298.15 K)
- z is the charge of the ion (for Na+, z = 1)
- F is the Faraday's constant (96,485 C/mol)
- [Na+]outside and [Na+]inside represent the concentrations of sodium ions outside and inside the membrane, respectively
Now, we can plug in the given values and constants to solve for E:
E = ((8.314 J/mol K) * (298.15 K)) / (1 * 96,485 C/mol) * ln(140 mM / 12 mM)
E ≈ (0.026 V) * ln(11.67)
E ≈ (0.026 V) * 2.457
E ≈ 0.064 V or 64 mV
Thus, the absolute value of the voltage across the biological membrane is approximately 64 mV.
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As the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus increases
a) The overall stability of the atom decreases
b) The number of electrons must increase to maintain the atom’s overall neutral charge
c) The more neutrons are required to stabilize the nucleus
d) All of the above
As the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus increases, the number of electrons must increase to maintain the atom’s overall neutral charge; option B.
What is atomic number of an element?Atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
The atomic number of atoms of elements increase with increase in atomic number.
In conclusion, atomic number increases the size down a group and decreases atomic size across a period.
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2. A spacecraft travels at 2 x 108 m/s relative to Earth. An astronaut on board listens to a CD that lasts 50 min.
How long would the CD last as measured by a stationary clock on Earth?
3. A linear particle accelerator is a special machine that accelerates charged particles to nearly the speed of light
and channel them into a beam. When used in research, the beam hits targets and the atoms split. Scientists
gather information about sub-particles, atoms and molecules to further help understand the laws of physics.
A proton of a mass 1.67 x 10–27 kg is accelerated to 0.999 994c. Calculate the ratio of the proton’s relativistic
momentum to the non-relativistic momentum
This is a time dilation exercise. The time taken for the CD to last as measured by a clock on earth is given as: 67.08 minutes.
What is time dilation?Under the theory of special relativity, time dilation is the "slowing down" of a clock as determined by an observer in relative motion with respect to that clock.
Recall that the equation for time dilation is given as:
t = t₀/√(1- (v²/c²)
Where:
t₀ is the observer in the space craft
t is the observer on earth
v is the speed of the space craft which is given as 2 x 10⁸m/sec
c is the speed of light which is given as 3 x 10⁸m/sec
Hence
v/c = 2 x 10⁸/ 3 x 10⁸
= 2/3
Thus,
t = 5/√(1-(4/9)
= 50 √(9/5)
= 150/√5
= 150 /2.2361
= 67.08 min
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A 58.5 kg wood board is resting on very smooth ice in the middle of a frozen lake. A 41.7 kg boy stands at one end of the board. He walks from one end of the board to the other end with a velocity of 1.27 m/s relative to the ice in the positive direction. What is the velocity of the board relative to the ice?
The velocity of the wood board which is resting on very smooth ice in the middle of a frozen lake relative to this ice is 0.905 m/s
What is conservation of momentum:It states the amount of momentum remains constant
Momentum of a moving body is the product of mass times velocity.
Formula for momentum:
P = m* vWhen the two objects collides, then the initial collision of the two body is equal to the final collision of two bodies by the law of conservation of momentum.
here,
mass of wood, m=58.5 kg
mass of boy, M=41.7 kg
velocity of the boy V=1.27 m/s
Thus,
The conservation of momentum,
m*v = M*V
substituting the value,
(58.5*v) = 1.27* 41.7
v = 52.95 / 58.5
v = 0.905 m/s
Thus, the velocity of the wood board which is resting on very smooth ice in the middle of a frozen lake relative to this ice is 0.905 m/s.
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A 500.0 kg elevator is pulled upward with a constant force of 5500.0 N for a distance of 50.0 m. What is the work done by the 5500.0 N force on the elevator?
Group of answer choices
a. -2.45 x 105 J
b. -5.20 x 105 J
c. 2.75 x 105 J
d. 3.00 x 104 J
C. The work done by the 5500.0 N force on the elevator is 275,000 J.
Work done by the applied force
The work done by the 5500.0 N force on the elevator is calculated as follows;
W = Fd
where;
F is the applied forced is the displacementW = 5500 x 50
W = 275,000 J
Thus, the work done by the 5500.0 N force on the elevator is 275,000 J.
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The use of fiberglass insulation in the outer walls of a building is intended to minimize heat transfer through the wall by what process?
a) conduction
b) radiation
c) convection
d) vaporization
Answer:
A, conduction.
Explanation:
Thermal conduction, by definition, is "a phenomenon that occurs through the interaction of neighboring atoms and molecules, transferring their energy/heat (partially) to their neighbors". Fiberglass insulation works mainly by preventing thermal conduction, as would a rubber handle of a pot on a hot stove.
Hope this helps!
In the roman soldier model for refraction, a muddy stream crosses the road they are on walking on at 45. Will the soldiers in the front row all hit the water at the same time?
There are different refractive errors that are common and some of them are:
Nearsightedness (myopia) makes far-away objects look blurry.Farsightedness (hyperopia) makes nearby objects look blurry.Astigmatism can make far-away and nearby objects look blurry or distorted.Presbyopia makes it hard for middle-aged and older adults to see things up closeWhat is Refraction?This refers to the study of light phenomena that deflects when it passes through a medium in an oblique manner to another medium of a varying density.
Hence, we can see that there are everyday examples of refraction in simple terms which occurs and some of them are:
GlassHuman eyesIce crystalsPickle jarMicroscope, etc.Hence, we can see that your question is incomplete, so I gave you a general overview to help you get a better understanding of the concept of refraction.
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In the paralleling technique, the central ray of the x-ray beam must be _____ to the film sensor and the long axis of the tooth.
The film sensor and the long axis of the tooth must be aligned perpendicular to the central ray of the x-ray beam when using the paralleling approach.
To find the answer, we need to know above the paralleling technique in the dental x-ray.
What is paralleling technique?The paralleling technique is the most dependable method for capturing periapical x-rays because it produces high-quality images with little distortion. The central x-ray beam should be pointed perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth in issue, and the film should be positioned parallel to it.The paralleling technique is the most dependable method for capturing periapical x-rays because it produces high-quality images with little distortion.The central x-ray beam should be pointed perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth in issue, and the film should be positioned parallel to it.When preparing for an x-ray, it is imperative to keep in mind the root anatomy.The maxillary occlusal plane of the patient should also be parallel to the ground.Thus, we can conclude that, the film sensor and the long axis of the tooth must be aligned perpendicular to the central ray of the x-ray beam when using the paralleling approach.
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Plsss Help!!!!
Complete the following nuclear reaction
a) γ
b) α
c) β–
d) p
What type of energy is solar energy? and how is it used to fuel us and the machines we use every day?
According to the research, solar energy is a renewable energy used in generating electricity and obtaining thermal energy.
What is solar energy?It is a type of energy derived from natural sources known as renewable energy that is obtained from solar radiation that reaches the Earth in the form of light, heat or ultraviolet rays.
Solar energy can be used to generate electricity, hot water supply and home heating.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, solar energy is a renewable energy used in generating electricity and obtaining thermal energy.
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The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is 600 nm. what is its frequency? (c = 3.0 × 108 m/s)
Answer:
5.0×10^-9
Explanation:
velocity = frequency × wavelength
3.0×10^8=f600×10^-9
divide both sides by 600×10^-9
f=3.0×10^8/600×10-9
f=5.0×10^-9
The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is 600 nm. The frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 5.0 × 10^14 Hz.
To find the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, we can use the equation:
Frequency (f) = Speed of light (c) / Wavelength (λ)
where:
c = speed of light in a vacuum = 3.0 × 10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in meters
First, we need to convert the given wavelength from nanometers (nm) to meters (m). Since 1 nm = 1 × 10^-9 m, the wavelength is:
λ = 600 nm × (1 × 10^-9 m/nm) = 600 × 10^-9 m = 6.0 × 10^-7 m
Now, we can calculate the frequency using the equation:
f = c / λ
f = 3.0 × 10^8 m/s / (6.0 × 10^-7 m)
f = 5 × 10^14 Hz
So, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is 5 × 10^14 Hz (hertz).
This means that the wave oscillates or completes 5 × 10^14 cycles per second. Higher frequencies correspond to shorter wavelengths and vice versa. Electromagnetic waves with higher frequencies are more energetic, such as X-rays and gamma rays, while waves with lower frequencies, like radio waves, have longer wavelengths and are less energetic.
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A 4 kg toy car moves horizontally on a rough road with coefficient of kinetic friction 0.2. It accelerates from rest to 20 m/s in 10 s. Find (a) the total work done on the car
The total work done on the car is 784Joule.
What's the acceleration of the car?As per Newton's equation of motion, V= U+atU= initial velocity= 0 m/sV= vinal velocity= 20m/s
t= time = 10s
a= acceleration
So, 20= 0+ 10a=> a= 20/10= 2m/s²
What's the distance covered by the car in 10 seconds?As per Newton's equation of motion,V²-U² = 2aS
S= distance covered by the carSo, 20²-0=2×2×S=4S=> 400= 4S
=> S= 400/4= 100m
What's the work done on the car due to frictional force?Work done by frictional force= frictional force × distance
= (0.2×4×9.8)×100
= 784Joule
Thus, we can conclude that the work done on the car is 784Joule.
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A patient who is lactose intolerant will have a normal glucose curve after ingesting a dose of lactose.
False, A patient who is lactose intolerant will not have a normal glucose curve after ingesting a dose of lactose.
What is lactose intolerant ?
Lactose, the sugar in milk, cannot be fully absorbed by those who have lactose intolerance. They have diarrhea, gas, and bloating as a result of consuming dairy products. Although the illness, which is also known as lactose malabsorption, is typically not harmful, some people may experience uncomfortable symptoms.Types of lactose intolerance -
Primary lactose intolerance (normal result of aging) This is the most common type of lactose intolerance. Secondary lactose intolerance (due to illness or injury)Congenital or developmental lactose intolerance (being born with the condition)Developmental lactose intolerance.The symptoms of lactose intolerance?
Symptoms of lactose intolerance include nausea, cramps, gas, bloating, or diarrhea within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming milk or dairy products.
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Which meteorological parameter is expressed as the ratio between the air’s actual water vapor content and the amount of water vapor required for saturation at that temperature?
Which meteorological parameter is expressed as the ratio between the air’s actual water vapour content and the amount of water vapour required for saturation at that temperature: relative humidity.
Water vapour is the primary form of atmospheric moisture. Although its storage in the atmosphere is comparatively small, water vapour is extremely important in forming the moisture supply for dew, frost, fog, clouds, and precipitation.
Water vapour is also the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Water vapour can be produced from the evaporation or boiling of liquid water or from the sublimation of ice.
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When making segmented bends, the bend radius is the distance from the center point of the circle or object to
When making segmented bends, the bend radius is the distance from the center point of the circle or object to the centerline of conduit.
What is centerline of conduit.Segment bending is a technique for bending conduit in which numerous tiny bends are combined to form a single, bigger bend. Measure from the elbow's center at the bend's CenterPoint to the intersection of the "degrees of bend" lines to determine your centerline radius (see image above). In fact, the CLR may be determined by obtaining this measurement from any point on the elbow. The distance between segments is calculated by dividing the developed length by the number of shots. When making segmented bends, the bend radius is the distance from the center point of the circle or object to the centerline of conduit. To calculate the degrees per shot, divide 90 degrees by the quantity of shots. Regardless of how many lanes a road or highway has, centerline miles are used to quantify their length. Centerline of conduit miles between the two sides of a divided highway might differ slightly due to divergences and curves. Compared to lane miles, centerline miles provide a more understandable indication of a road's overall length.
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A gas is enclosed in a container fitted with a piston of cross-sectional area 0.10 m2 . the pressure of the gas is maintained at 8000 nm-2 . when heat is slowly transferred, the piston is pushed up through a distance of 4 cm. if 42 j heat is transferred to the system during the expansion, what is the change in internal energy of the system?
The change in internal energy is 10 J.
Calculation:Given,
Cross-sectional area, A = 0.10 m²
Pressure of gas, P = 8000 N/m²
Displacement, s = 4 cm = 0.04 m
Heat transferred, H = 42 J
To find,
Change in internal energy =?
We know that, as per Law of thermodynamics,
Change in internal energy = Heat - Work
Force = pressure × area
= 8000 × 0.10
= 800 N
Work = Force × Displacement
= 800 × 0.04
= 32 J
Change in internal energy = Heat - Work
= 42 - 32
= 10 J
Hence, the change in internal energy is 10 J.
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A rocket takes off from Earth and starts flying to Mars. What happens to the force of gravity between the rocket and Earth as the rocket approaches Mars
The force of gravity between Earth and Mars will decrease.
The gravitational law is given as-
F = G mM/r²
here, m= mass of rocket
M = mass of earth
r = distance between earth and rocket
So, as rocket takes off from earth and fly towards mars then the distance starts to increase between earth and rocket, and the gravitational pull between them starts to weaken. Then a point will reach when rocket will far from gravity of earth and could probably enter the gravity of Mars.
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A geologist finds that a Moon rock whose mass is 8.94 kg has an apparent mass of 6.18 kg when submerged in water. What is the density of the rock
Density of rock = 3.23 Kg/m^3
Given:
mass of Moon rock = 8.94 kg
apparent mass of Moon rock = 6.18 kg
To Find:
density of the rock
Solution: It is a universal fact that mass of an object remains constant whether measured on earth or on moon.
Mass of rock on moon/earth = 8.94 kg
When the block is immersed in water then;
Loss in weight = weight of water displaced
Loss in weight = 8.94 - 6.18 = 2.76 kg
As we know that water has a density of 1g/cm^3 (1000kg/m^3)
Volume of water = volume of the rock = Mass/density = 2.76 kg
density of rock mass/volume = 8.94/2.76 = 3.23 Kg/m^3
Density of rock = 3.23 Kg/m^3
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How does quantum theory explain the emission spectra of atoms?
The quantum theory opines that electron in atoms occur a discreet energy levels.
What is the quantum theory?The quantum theory was initiated by the idea of Max plank. In this idea, energy was viewed as occurring in discrete amounts. This idea was first applied to the phenomenon of the black body radiation hence the Plank Equation; E = hf.
Now Neils Bohr pushed the idea further by putting forward the opinion that when an electron in atom is found in an orbit, it does not radiate energy. The atom was thus visualized as being composed of several energy levels and radiation can only occur when an electron moves from a higher to lower energy level.
This implies that the energy of each electron in an atom is quantized. Thus implies that it has a value which an integral multiple of a fundamental amount.
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Read the following question and answer it using complete sentences. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
What energy conversion is happening when wave power is used?
Wave power involves conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy.
What is wave power?We know that energy conversion is part of the postulations of the first law of thermodynamics which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.
Now, the wave power can convert the regular up and down movement of the ocean waves into a source of electricity. This implies that the energy that is taking place here is the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy.
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A lot contains 750 square yards and has a length of 150 feet, what does the frontage measure?
The frontage measure is 45 feet.
FeetThe British imperial and American customary systems of measurement both use the feet (standard symbol: ft) as a unit of length. One foot has exactly 0.3048 meters since the International Yard and Pound Agreement of 1959. One yard equals three feet in both customary and imperial measurements. One foot equals 12 inches.
Throughout history, numerous regional systems of units, including the Greek, Roman, Chinese, French, and English systems, included the concept of "feet." Its length varied from one nation to another, from one city to another, and occasionally from one trade to another. Its length was often divided into 12 inches or 16 digits, however this was not always the case. Its typical length was between 250 mm and 335 mm.
A lot contains 750 square yards and has a length of 150 feet, what does the frontage measure?
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Given: NM 1 XZ
Prove: AXYZ- ANYM
N
Try 11
X
Z
M
We know that side NM is
to side
XZ. If we consider side NY the transversal for these
parallel lines, we create angle pairs. Using the
we can state
that YXZ is congruent to YNM. We know that angle
XYZ is congruent to angle
by the reflexive
property. Therefore, triangle XYZ is similar to triangle
NYM by the
similarity theorem.
F
The prove of Angle XYZ- Angle NYM is given below:
∠XYZ is congruent to ∠NYM - reflexive property. ΔXYZ is the same with Δ NYM,- AA (angle-angle) similarity theorem.What is the triangle about?Note that from the image given;
NM // XZNY = transversal line∠YXZ ≡ ∠YNMSince ∠XYZ is said to be congruent to ∠NYM it can be proven by the use of the reflexive property.
The reflexive property is one that informs that any shape is regarded congruent to itself.
Since ∠NYM has a different way to call ∠XYZ that uses a different vertexes, but the sides are made up of the two angles which are said to be the same.
Therefore , ∠XYZ ≡ ∠NYM are proved by the reflexive property.
Since ΔXYZ is the same with Δ NYM, it can be proven by the AA (angle-angle) similarity theorem.
We have 2 angles Δ XYZ and Δ NYM:
Note that ∠YXZ ≡ ∠YNM
∠XYZ ≡ ∠NYM
So, ΔXYZ is said to be the same to ΔNYM and it is proven by the AA similarity theorem.
Therefore, The prove of Angle XYZ- Angle NYM is given below:
∠XYZ is congruent to ∠NYM - reflexive property. ΔXYZ is the same with Δ NYM,- AA (angle-angle) similarity theorem.Learn more about triangles from
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Answer:
1. parrael
2. corresponding angles theorem
3. NYM
4. AA
Explanation:
just took it
Increases in the planet's temperature over the past few decades can be attributed to
Excess Carbon Monoxide(CO) attributed to increases in the planet's temperature over the past few decades
While carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the world's most common cause of poisoning death, correlations between CO poisoning and weather are yet unknown.
The incidence risk of acute CO poisoning is influenced by temperature changes, however, the effects vary in Taiwan depending on the season and the person. Our research quantifies the effects of environmental variables and offers essential support for healthcare professionals to create preventive measures to lower the incidence of acute CO poisoning.
An earlier study conducted in Beijing found a negative correlation between temperature and the frequency of acute Carbon Monoxide poisoning. While the impact of other significant weather variables (such as relative humidity and wind speed) on this issue is still unknown, prior research has mostly focused on the relationship between temperature variations and CO poisoning.
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A 70 n force pulls a box straight up 5 m above the ground. How much work is done on the box?
The work done on the box is 350 Joule.
When is Work done on an object ?Work is done on an object when the displacement of the object is not perpendicular to the direction of the applied force. The unit of Work is Joule (J)
Given that 70N force pulls a box straight up 5 m above the ground.
Work is the product of force F and the distance S. That is,
W = F x S
Where
Force F = 70 NDistance S = 5 mSubstitute the two parameters into the formula above
W = 70 x 5
W = 350 J
Therefore, the work done on the box is 350 Joule.
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The spin cycle of a clothes washer extracts the water in clothing by greatly increasing the water's apparent weight so that it is efficiently squeezed
The apparent weight of a 1.1 g drop of water is 4.24084 N.
What is Apparent Weight?According to physics, an object's perceived weight is a characteristic that describes how heavy it is. When the force of gravity acting on an object is not counterbalanced by a force of equal but opposite normality, the apparent weight of the object will differ from the actual weight of the thing.By definition, an object's weight is equal to the strength of the gravitational force pulling on it. It follows that even a "weightless" astronaut in low Earth orbit, with an apparent weight of zero, has almost the same weight that he would have if he were standing on the ground; this is because the gravitational pull of low Earth orbit and the ground are nearly equal.Solution:
N = Speed of rotation = 1250 rpm
D = Diameter = 45 cm
r = Radius = 22.5 cm
M = Mass of drop = 1.1 g
Angular speed of the water = [tex]\omega = \frac{2\pi N}{60}[/tex]
[tex]\omega = \frac{2\pi \times 1250}{60}[/tex]
[tex]\omega = 130.89 rad/s[/tex]
Apparent weight is given by
[tex]W _a = M\omega^{2}R[/tex]
[tex]W_a = 1.1 \times 10^-^3\times (130.89)^2\times 0.225[/tex]
[tex]W_a[/tex] = 4.24084 N
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Question:
The spin cycle of a clothes washer extracts the water in clothing by greatly increasing the water's apparent weight so that it is efficiently squeezed through the clothes and out the holes in the drum. In a top loader's spin cycle, the 45-cm-diameter drum spins at 1250 rpm around a vertical axis. What is the apparent weight of a 1.1 g drop of water?
April stands on a flat surface . If she has a mass of 72 what is the nirmal force acting on her
The normal force acting on April as she stands on a flat surface is 705.6 N.
Normal force of the girl
Fₙ = mg
where;
Fₙ is the normal force of the girlm is mass of the girlg is acceleration due to gravityFₙ = 72 x 9.8
Fₙ = 705.6 N
Thus, the normal force acting on April as she stands on a flat surface is 705.6 N.
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help me and I will be your friend forever.
Answer:
1. iodine
2. convection
3. radiation
4. conduction
5. gases
6. expansion
7. freezing point
8. absorber
9. thermos flask
10. mercury
How much is the velocity of a body when it travels 600m in 5 minutes?
answer
so unit of velocity is m/s
displacement=600m
5minutes should be converted to seconds
5×60=300 seconds
so,
velocity= displacement÷time
= 600m ÷300s
=2m/s or 2ms^-1
Answer:
2 m/s
Explanation:
we have given
distance traveled by body =600m
time taken = 5*60 =300 sec( si unit of time is second)
velocity =?
we know that
velocity =distance traveled/ time taken
=600/300
= 2 m/s
Rosa pours a cup of boiling water into a pot of room-temperature water. According to the second law of thermodynamics, what will occur
Thermal energy from the room-temperature water will continuously flow to the boiling water.
The second law states, in a straightforward manner, that heat cannot naturally go "uphill." When a pan of boiling water and a pan of ice are in touch, the hot water cools and the ice melts and warms up.THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICSAdiabatic Process - is a procedure that is carried out without the system's heat content changing. Water is heated to a temperature of 1000C during the boiling process, making it an isothermal process. As steam, the excess heat leaves the system.Learn more about first law of thermodynamics brainly.com/question/3808473
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1. What happens to the apparent weight when the objects are submerged in water?
A driver comes to a red light and applies her brakes to decelerate her car to a complete stop. The car’s brakes turned its kinetic energy into __________.
Group of answer choices
a. elastic potential energy
b. gravitational potential energy
c. thermal energy
d. electrical energy