chemical change grade 10 mind map ​

The vapor pressure of pure B is 1.77atm

Given:-

Vapor pressure of Pure A = 0.700atm

Mole of A = 0.650mole

Mole of B = 0.250mole

Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure exerted by a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of all of the constituent gases.

So, Ptotal =  [tex]P_A + P_B[/tex]

According to Raoult's law, a solvent's partial vapor pressure in a solution (or mixture) is equal to or the same as the pure solvent's vapor pressure times the mole fraction present in the solution.

So, Ptotal =  [tex]X_AP_A + X_BP_B[/tex]

Ptotal = 1atm

1atm = (0.650/0.650+0.250 X 0.700atm) + 0.250/0.650+0.250 X [tex]P_B[/tex]

1atm = 0.722 X 0.700atm + 0.278 X [tex]P_B[/tex]

1atm = 0.506atm + 0.278 X [tex]P_B[/tex]

1atm - 0.506atm =  0.278 X [tex]P_B[/tex]

0.494atm = 0.278 X [tex]P_B[/tex]

[tex]P_B[/tex] =  0.494atm / 0.278

[tex]P_B[/tex] = 1.77atm

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Based on the calculations, the enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is equal to: C. -14.3 kJ.

A chemical reaction can be defined as a chemical process that involves the continuous transformation (rearrangement) of the ionic, atomic or molecular structure of a chemical element by breaking down and forming chemical bonds, in order to produce a new chemical compound while new bonds are formed.

A chemical equation can be defined as a group of chemical symbols that is typically used in chemistry to represent the chemical reaction between two (2) or more chemical elements.

Mathematically, an expression for enthalpy of the overall chemical reaction is given by:

ΔHrxn = (n × ΔH₃) + (-n × ΔH₁) + (n × ΔH₂)

Where:

n represents the number of moles.

Substituting the given points into the formula, we have;

ΔHrxn = (2 × ΔH₃) + (-1 × ΔH₁) + (1 × ΔH₂)

ΔHrxn = (2 × (-92.3)) + (-1 × (-74.6)) + (1 × (-95.7))

ΔHrxn = -184.6 + 74.6 + 95.7

ΔHrxn = -14.3 kJ.

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Answer:

111600 moles

Explanation:

Number of moles= Mass ×Mr, where Mr is the relative molecular mass of the substance of interest. Note that the mass is calculated in terms of grams (1 kg= 1000 g), while the Mr can be found using the periodic table.

Mass of iron

= 2 kg

= 2(1000)

= 2000 g

Mr of iron= 55.8

Number of moles

= 2000(55.8)

= 111600 mol

Additional:

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The product which is used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin is foot soak

Skin pedicure is a special and cosmetic treatment of the body's skin including the feet and toenails, analogous to a manicure.

So therefore, the product which is used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin is foot soak

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Answer:

869 g Cl₂O

Explanation:

To find the theoretical yield of Cl₂O, you need to (1) convert moles SO₂ to moles Cl₂O (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients) and then (2) convert moles Cl₂O to grams Cl₂O (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the conversions/ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (the desired unit should be in the numerator). The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the sig figs of the given amount (10.0 moles).

1 SO₂ (g) + 2 Cl₂ (g) ----> 1 SOCl₂ (g) + 1 Cl₂O (g)

Molar Mass (Cl₂O): 2(35.453 g/mol) + 15.998 g/mol

Molar Mass (Cl₂O): 86.904 g/mol

10.0 moles SO₂         1 mole Cl₂O            86.904 g
------------------------  x  ----------------------  x  ------------------  = 869 g Cl₂O
                                    1 mole SO₂              1 mole

Taking into account the definition of percentage composition, the percent composition of potassium iodide in this sample is 0.017%.

The Percentage Composition is a measure of the amount of mass that an element occupies in a compound and indicates the percentage by mass of each element that is part of a compound.

To calculate the percentage of composition, it is necessary to know the mass of the element in a known mass of the compound.

In this case, you know that a 0.51 kg (or 510000 mg, being 1 kg= 1000000 mg) solution contains 87 mg of potassium iodide.

Dividing the mass amount of potassium iodide present in the compound by the mass of the sample and multiplying it by 100 to obtain a percentage value, the percentage composition of potassium iodide is obtained:

[tex]percentage composition of potassium iodide=\frac{87 mg}{510000 mg} x100[/tex]

percentage composition of potassium iodide= 0.017%

Finally, the percent composition of potassium iodide in this sample is 0.017%.

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Nitrogen gas is formed in this reaction.

Atomic number 7 and the letter N designate nitrogen as the chemical element. Group 15 of the periodic table, often known as the pnictogens, contains nitrogen as the lightest nonmetal element. It ranks eighth in overall abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System, making it a common element in the cosmos. Two of the element's atoms combine to create the colorless and odorless diatomic gas N2 at standard temperature and pressure. The most common element that isn't mixed, N2 makes up around 78 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. All living things contain nitrogen, which is mostly found in amino acids (and thus proteins), nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and the energy-transfer molecule adenosine triphosphate.

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The name of the amide bond between amino acids will be peptide bond.

Peptide bonds are amide-type covalent bonds that form bonds that connect two adjacent alpha-amino acids throughout peptide or protein chains, starting at C1 of one as well as [tex]N_{2}[/tex] of another.

The substances are known as amino acids, or the "building blocks of proteins," and play a variety of vital functions in the human body. Humans require them for essential functions like producing hormones, neurotransmitters, even proteins. In meals high in protein like meat, fish, as well as soybeans, amino acids could be concentrated.

Therefore, the name of the amide bond between amino acids will be peptide bond.

Hence, the correct answer will be option (e)

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Nitrogen is an essential part of proteins and nucleic acids (DNA).

All living things require nitrogen. It is a part of proteins, ATP, chlorophyll, DNA, and RNA. Given that it makes up a significant portion of the structures of biomolecules in living organisms, its synthesis and consumption in the biogeochemical cycle are of highest importance. Proteins are made up of amino acids (NH2 group).

The structural development of living species' genetic material (DNA, RNA) also involves nitrogen. It is a part of the nitrogenous bases, which together with other nucleotides create RNA and DNA.

Therefore, a nitrogen deficit can cause major structural issues for such an organism.

A number of undesirable consequences can result from the nitrogen cycle being disrupted. For instance, an abundance of nitrogen in aquatic systems leads to eutrophication. Acid rain can be caused by a rise in atmospheric nitrogen.

The majority of ecosystems can tolerate low nitrogen levels since the majority of nitrogen is not biologically accessible in nature. Ecosystems become out of balance when humans significantly increase the quantity of nitrogen that is accessible through fertilizers, fertilizer use, and other means.

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Answer: The answer is fatty acids and triglycerides

Explanation:

The amount in moles of the excess reactant left is 0.5 mole

2ZnS (s) + 3O₂(g) --> 2ZnO (s) + 2SO₂(g)

From the balanced equation,

2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂

From the balanced equation,

2 moles of ZnS reacted with 3 moles of O₂

Therefore,

4.2 moles of ZnS will react with =(4.2 × 3) / 2 = 6.3 moles of O₂

From the calculations made above, we can see that only 6.3 moles of O₂ out of 6.8 moles given, is required to react completely with 4.2 moles of ZnS.

Thus, ZnS is the limiting reactant and O₂ is the excess reactant.

The excess reactant is O₂. Thus the mole remaining after the reaction can be obtained as illustrated below:

Mole of O₂ remaining = (Mole of O₂ given) - (Mole of O₂ that reacted)

Mole of O₂ remaining = 6.8 - 6.3

Mole of O₂ remaining = 0.5 mole

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Answer:

ρHNO₃= 1.51 g/cm3

ρ = m/V

m = ρ x V

m = (1.51 g/cm3)(2 cm3)= 3.02 g de HNO₃

n = m/PM = 3.02 g/63.01 g/mol = 0.0479 mol de HNO₃

Explanation:

2 mL of concentrated nitric acid equals 0.0479 mol

Glucose becomes a better leaving group.

In a manner similar to how protonation of an alcohol makes it easier to substitute a -OH group, glucose becomes a better leaving group when the oxygen atom is protonated.

A substance that releases or donates hydrogen ions during a chemical reaction is referred to as a Bronsted-Lowry acid. A Bronsted-Lowry base, on the other hand, takes hydrogen ions. Another way to look at it is that a base accepts protons whereas a Bronsted-Lowry acid donates them. Amphoteric species are those that, depending on the circumstance, can either give or take protons.

Every Bronsted-Lowry acid gives a species that is its conjugate base a proton in exchange for the species' support. Each base in the Bronsted-Lowry system similarly accepts a proton from its conjugate acid.

I understand the question you are looking for is this:

For what mechanistic reason does G1 of lactase first act as a Bronsted acid during catalysis?

A) G1 becomes a better nucleophile

B) G2 becomes a better nucleophile

C) Glucose becomes a better leaving group.

D) Galactose becomes a better leaving group.

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The pH of buffered solution is:

The two buffered solutions have 'equal' pH values.

Comparison between two buffer solutions:

To compare the pH of two different buffer solutions with different concentrations, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used.

pH = pKa + log [tex]\frac{Salt}{Acid}[/tex]

pKa of HOAc = 4.76

In solution 1:

Concentration of salt= 5 M

Concentration of acid= 5 M

Putting the values in the equation,

pH = 4.76 + log [tex]\frac{5}{5}[/tex]

pH = 4.76 + log1

pH = 4.76

In solution 2:

Concentration of salt= 0.050 M

Concentration of acid= 0.050 M

Putting the values in the equation,

pH = 4.76 + log[tex]\frac{0.050}{0.050}[/tex]

pH = 4.76 + log1

pH = 4.76

As the ratio  [tex]log\frac{salt}{acid}[/tex] is the same for the different solutions.

Therefore, the pH of the solution remains the same in both the buffer solutions even if the two solutions have different concentrations.

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Since volume and temperature are constant, this means that pressure and number of moles are directly proportional. the sample with the largest number of moles will have the high pressure.

Since, the ideal gas equation is also called ideal gas law. So,  according to ideal gas equations,

PV = nRT

At constant volume and temperature the equation become ,

P ∝ nR

since, R is also constant. So, conclusion of the final equation is

P  ∝ n

The number of moles and pressure of the sample is directly proportion. So, on increasing number of moles in the sample , pressure of the sample also increases.

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Answer:

66 grams of carbon dioxide

C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H2O

For the reaction Cl₂(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq) + Br₂(aq), Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.

In a redox reaction, the oxidizing agent is the one that gains electrons, causing the other element to oxidize.

Let's consider the following redox reaction.

Cl₂(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq) + Br₂(aq)

The corresponding half-reactions are:

Reduction: 2 e- + Cl₂(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq)

Oxidation: 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ Br₂(aq) + 2 e-

Which best describes the oxidizing agent in this reaction?

For the reaction Cl₂(aq) + 2 Br⁻(aq) ⇒ 2Cl⁻(aq) + Br₂(aq), Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.

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Answer:

C: Chlorine (Cl) is the oxidizing agent because it gains an electron.

Explanation:

Answer:

C. Gas

Explanation:

I think this is the right answer because it fits the description

Functional groups include hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Regardless of the other atoms in a molecule, functional groups are particular groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own distinctive capabilities.

The prefixes di, tri, and tetra are applied when there are several substituents. Function-specific groups contain identifying suffixes. For instance, the parent chain name of alcohols has the suffix "ol" and a number indicating the location of the hydroxyl group. One is used to identify ketones.

If a compound has multiple functional groups, the highest priority functional group will be considered the "parent structure" and will define the "parent name"; the remaining functional groups will be considered the "substituents." The name of the parent structure is denoted by the "suffix," and the substituent is denoted by the "prefix."

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The decimal place value of these instrument must be recorded as (i) our meter scale = 1 (ii) our quadruple beam scale = 0.001 (iii) a 100 mL cylinder = 1 (iv) a 1 L cylinder = 0.001.

Meter stick which is used to measure the length especially used in the construction industry. The meter stick is 1 meter long. The metric unit for length is meter.

This is the instrument which is used to measure the mass very precisely. In quadruple beam scale the reading error is 0.001.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The decimal place value of these instrument must be recorded as (i) our meter scale = 1 (ii) our quadruple beam scale = 0.001 (iii) a 100 mL cylinder = 1 (iv) a 1 L cylinder = 0.001.

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Question: Match the instrument described below with the decimal place of the value to which this instrument must be recorded. ( 1 , 0.01 , 0.001 , 0.1 , 10 choose)

our meter stick =

our quadruple beam scale =

a 100 ml cylinder=

a 1 L cylinder=

The name of the given ether is ethyl benzyl ether .

Ethers are organic compounds formed when nan oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

Ethers usually have relatively high boiling points as a result of the central oxygen atom. An example of an ether, is ethyl propyl ether

The name of the given ether is ethyl benzyl ether as it has a benzyl and ethyl group attached to the oxygen atom.

In conclusion, ethers are characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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Answer:

2.2 x 10⁻³⁴ J

      or

2.2 x 10⁻¹⁸ J

Explanation:

You can calculate the energy using the photon energy equation:

E = hc / λ

In this equation,

-----> E = energy (J)

-----> h = Planck's Constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)

-----> c = speed of light (3.0 x 10⁸ m/s)

-----> λ = wavelength (m)

You can plug the given wavelength, along with the other constants, into the equation and simplify to find the energy.

E = hc / λ

E = (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ J*s)(3.0 x 10⁸ m/s) / (9 x 10⁸ m)

E = 2.2 x 10⁻³⁴ J

I suspect that you may have forgotten the negative sign in front of the 8 (9 x 10⁻⁸). This would change your answer to 2.2 x 10⁻¹⁸ J.

There is 0.0600moles of MgCl2 in 60.0ml of 0.100M MgCl2 solution.

Explanation:

First we need to determine the number of moles of MgCl2 in 60.0L of solution.

After determining the number of moles,now multiply moles of MgCl2 by its Molar mass i.e (95.205g/mol)

We know Molarity= mol of solute/L solution

∴ 0.10 M MgCl2 = 0.10mol MgCl2/L

Step1:

First convert 60.0ml to litres.

1L=1000mL

60.0mL×1L/1000mL=0.0600L

Step2:

To determine moles of MgCl2, multiply 0.0600 L by the molarity of the solution

0.0600L×0.10mL/1L=0.0600mol MgCl2

∴ 0.0600moles of MgCl2 are present in 60.0mL of 0.100M MgCl2 solution.

Relative molar mass is defined as the smallest mass unit of a compound with one twelfth of the mass of one carbon – 12 atom.

In a substance, the amount of entities present for e.g. atoms, molecules, ions, is defined as a mole. A mole of any substance is 6.022×1023 molecules. Just as we take a standard value to calculate different things e.g. 1 dozen =12 items similarly we use the mole to calculate the size of the smallest entities quantitatively.

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Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute dissolved per litre of the solution. I is represented as \textbf{`M`}. Thus a solution, which contains one gram mole of the the solution dissolved per litre* of the solution is regarded as molarity.

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You can use mass percent composition as a conversion factor between grams of a constituent element and grams of the compound. The conversion factor in each mass percent composition are (a) 11.19 g H‚ 100 g H₂O (b) 53.29 g O‚100 g fructose (c) 84.12 g C‚100 g octane (d) 52.14 g C‚100 g ethanol

The percent by mass of each element present in a compound is called Mass Percent.

(a) Water is 11.19% hydrogen by mass.

Here it is given mass of hydrogen is 11.19 %. That means 11.19 % of solute should be added in 100 g H₂O.

(b) Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is 53.29% oxygen by mass.

Here it is given mass of oxygen is 53.29 %. That means in 53.29% of solute should be added in 100 g fructose.

(c) Octane, a component of gasoline, is 84.12% carbon by mass.

Here it is given mass of carbon is 84.12 %. That means in 84.29% of solute should be added in 100 g Octane.

(d) Ethanol, the alcohol in alcoholic beverages, is 52.14% carbon by mass.

Here it is given mass of carbon is 52.14 %. That means in 52.14% of solute should be added in 100 g Ethanol.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that You can use mass percent composition as a conversion factor between grams of a constituent element and grams of the compound. The conversion factor in each mass percent composition are (a) 11.19 g H‚100 g H2O (b) 53.29 g O‚100 g fructose (c) 84.12 g C‚100 g octane (d) 52.14 g C‚100 g ethanol

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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.

Question: You can use mass percent composition as a conversion factor between grams of a constituent element and grams of the compound. Write the conversion factor (including units) inherent in each mass percent composition.

(a) Water is 11.19% hydrogen by mass.

(b) Fructose, also known as fruit sugar, is 53.29% oxygen by mass.

(c) Octane, a component of gasoline, is 84.12% carbon by mass.

(d) Ethanol, the alcohol in alcoholic beverages, is 52.14% carbon by mass.

When placed in water, acids, bases, and salts dissociate (separate) into electrolytes (ions). Salts dissociate into a cation (that is not H+) and an anion (that is not OH-), whereas acids and bases dissociate into H+ and an anion. An acid separates into anions and hydrogen ions (H+). Strong acids produce a high concentration of H+ by dissociating every single one of their molecules . Water-based solutions,

Acid:

When a material or chemical is in solution, it releases hydrogen ions (H+), which are known as acids. All hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-), which are normally bound together by ionic bonding, dissociate (separate) in water when exposed to a strong acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl). Only some ions disintegrate into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in a weak acid like carbonic acid (H2CO3), while others are still bound together by ionic bonds.

Define base?

A base is a chemical that, when in solution, emits hydroxyl ions -{OH). We can also define a base as a substance that releases hydroxyl ions (OH-), which mix with any hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution to generate water molecules (OH- + H+ = H2O).

Therefore, a substance that receives or accepts hydrogen ions (H+) that are already present in the solution qualifies as a base.

Because it totally dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxyl ions (OH-) when placed in water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, is now liberated and dissolves in water.

c

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The correct option is D. H2O.

For the combustion of ethane (C2H6); the chemical equation is;

2 C2H6 + 7 O2 --> 4 CO2 + 6 H2O.

All hydrocarbons go through combustion processes, and the only byproducts are water (H2O) & carbon dioxide (CO2).

Any of a group of organic molecules with only the atoms carbon (C) & hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons (H). The hydrogen atoms bind to the carbon atoms in a variety of ways to create the compound's structural framework. chemical mixture.

The classification of hydrocarbons are done by-

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The complete question is -

Given the incomplete equation for the combustion of ethane (C2H6): 2 C2H6 + 7 O2 --> 4 CO2 + 6 ___

Group of answer choices:

A. H2O2

B. HCOOH

C. CH3OH

D. H2O

Answer:

0.409 L

Explanation:

Because you are dealing with volume and temperature, you need to use the Charles' Law equation:

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂

In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature.

V₁ = 5.18 L                            V₂ = ? L

T₁ = 76.0 °C                          T₂ = 6.0 °C

V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂                                           <----- Charles' Law equation

5.18 L / 76.0 °C = V₂ / 6.0 °C                     <----- Insert values

0.06815789 = V₂ / 6.0 °C                          <----- Simplify left side

0.409 L = V₂                                              <----- Multiply both sides by 6.0

The percent yield of CO₂ is 93.3%.

The percent yield of a substance is given as follows:

The equation of the reaction is used to determine the theoretical yield.

Moe ratio of sodium bicarbonate and CO₂ is 1 : 1.

Given that sodium bicarbonate is the limiting reactant, the theoretical yield of CO₂ will be:

Moles of NaHCO₃ reacting = 2.01/84 = 0.0239 moles

Theoretical yield of CO₂ = 0.0239 moles * 22.4L/mol = 0.536 L

Actual yield = 0.50 L

Percent yield = 0.50/0.536 * 100%

Percent yield = 93.3%

In conclusion, the percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield and theoretical yield.

Note that the complete question is given below:

Calculate your % yield of co2 in the reaction based on the grams of nahco3 being the limiting reagent in the reaction between 2.01 g of sodium bicarbonate and 24.6 mL of 1.5 M acetic acid? They produce 0.50 L of at s.t.p.

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A covalent bond is the exact number of bonded pairs of electrons in a compound

One electron is added by each atom to a pair of shared electrons in a single bond. While double bonds share only one pair of electrons, triple bonds share three pairs. Bonds with multiple covalent bonds exchange several electron pairs

Covalent bonding happens when atoms share electron pairs. Atoms join together through covalent bonds to form a full electron shell, which boosts stability. By sharing their outermost (valence) electrons, atoms can fill out their outer electron shell and become stable. Nonmetals will swiftly create covalent bonds with other nonmetals in order to achieve stability.

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