i need help asapppp
You are a marine paleontologist working on the sediments in
the Mediterranean Sea. Seventeen different locations have
been investigated. Over four months your team found and
collected material that may once have been a part of an
ancient seabed. If it was an ancient seabed, it is likely to
contain fragments of shells and other fossils. After careful
analysis, you found one chemical to be predominant in all
seventeen samples. The percentage composition of this
compound was found to be 40.00% calcium, 11.99% carbon,
and 48.01% oxygen. The molar mass of the unknown
compound is 100.09 g/mol.
1. Find the empirical and molecular formulae for the unknown
compound (substance X). What is the name of this
compound?
The molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.
What is the molecular formula?The molecular formula is the formula of the compound that shows the number of atoms present in the molecule.
Now, we have that;
Ca - 40.00/40 C - 11.99/12 O - 48.01/16
Ca - 1 C - 1 O - 3
The empirical formula of the compound is CaCO3
Now;
[40 + 12 + 3(16)]n = 100.09
n = 100.09 /100
n = 1
Hence, the molecular formula of the compound is CaCO3.
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25. Which is an irreversible process?
1) mixing of two gases by diffusion
2) Evaporation of water at 373k and 2atm
pressure
3) Dissolution of Nacl in water
4) All are correct
(S
The answer is 1) mixing of two gases by diffusion.
Once 2 gases are mixed by diffusion, they cannot be obtained from the mixture of gases. Hence, it is considered to be an irreversible process.
mass of an atom of element x is equivalent to the total mass of 7 hydrogen atoms. what element represent x ?
Answer:
lithium
Explanation:
The mass of hydrogen is 1 u, so the mass of element x is 7 u, which is approximately the atomic mass of lithium.
If you have 100 ml of a 0.10 m tris buffer (pka 8.3) at ph 8.3 and you add 3.0 ml of 1.0 m hcl, what will be the new ph?
The new pH is 7.69.
According to Hendersen Hasselbach equation;
The Henderson Hasselbalch equation is an approximate equation that shows the relationship between the pH or pOH of a solution and the pKa or pKb and the ratio of the concentrations of the dissociated chemical species. To calculate the pH of the buffer solution made by mixing salt and weak acid/base. It is used to calculate the pKa value. Prepare buffer solution of needed pH.
pH = pKa + log10 ([A–]/[HA])
Here, 100 mL of 0.10 m TRIS buffer pH 8.3
pka = 8.3
0.005 mol of TRIS.
∴ [tex]8.3 = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.005]}{[0.005]}[/tex]
inverse log 0 = [tex]\frac{[B]}{[A]}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{[B]}{[A]} = 1[/tex]
Given; 3.0 ml of 1.0 m hcl.
pka = 8.3
0.003 mol of HCL.
[tex]pH = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.005-0.003]}{[0.005+0.003]}\\pH = 8.3 + log \frac{[0.002]}{[0.008]}\\\\pH = 8.3 + log {0.25}\\\\pH = 8.3 + (-0.62)\\pH = 7.69[/tex]
Therefore, the new pH is 7.69.
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Provide the IUPAC name for the compound below. a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne c. sec-butylchloromethylacetylene d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne
Answer: a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne - [tex]C_6H_7Cl[/tex]
c. sec-butyl chloromethyl acetylene - [tex]C_{12}H_{21}ClO_2[/tex]
d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
What is the full name of IUPAC?
The full name of IUPAC is International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.
The compound's name is typed out first, followed by the base name and the substituents in alphabetical order (derived from the number of carbons in the parent chain). Between numbers and letters are separated by dashes and commas, respectively. The name has no spaces.
Therefore, a. 1-chloro-4-methylpent-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
b. 5-chloro-2-methylpent-3-yne - [tex]C_6H_7Cl[/tex]
c. sec-butyl chloromethyl acetylene - [tex]C_{12}H_{21}ClO_2[/tex]
d.1-chloro-4,4-dimethylbut-2-yne - [tex]C_6H_9Cl[/tex]
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Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table
True or false
True. Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table
What are noble gases?They are a group of elements with completely filled orbitals. In other words, they have zero valence electrons.
Without having valence electrons, it becomes difficult for this group of elements to form bonds with other elements either by electron donation or sharing.
However, they can be made to form bonds with other elements under special conditions.
Thus, they are the least reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.
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Answer:
TRUE!"Why?"
The Noble Gases have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.
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What best defines an extensive property of a substance? (4 points) A property that is observable A property that is measurable A physical property that depends on the sample size A physical property that is not dependent on sample size
Answer:
A physical property that depends on the sample size
Explanation:
Each coin has a mass of 21.94 g and a volume of 2 mL which of the following metals are the coins made of
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The density of each element represents the mass (grams) per every 1 milliliter Therefore, if each coin is 2 milliliters, you need to divide the given mass by 2.
21.94 grams / 2 mL = 10.97 grams / 1 mL
This matches the density of silver.
Show the calculations to determine the volume of the 0.1 M buffer from Part A needed to make 100 mL of a 0.01 M buffer.
The volume of the 0.1 M buffer from Part A needed to make 100 mL of a 0.01 M buffer is 10mL.
How to calculate volume?The volume of a substance can be calculated using the following formula;
C1V1 = C2V2
Where;
C1 = initial concentrationC2 = final concentrationV1 = initial volumeV2 = final volume0.1 × V1 = 100 × 0.01
0.1V1 = 1
V1 = 1/0.1
V1 = 10mL
Therefore, the volume of the 0.1 M buffer from Part A needed to make 100 mL of a 0.01 M buffer is 10mL.
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A sample of gas has its number of molecules quadrupled, its Kelvin temperature doubled, and its volume tripled. By what factor has the new pressure changed relative to the original pressure
The new pressure changed relative to the original by a factor of 8/3.
What is the change in the pressure?Using the ideal gas equation;
PV = nRT
P = pressure
V = volume
n = number of moles
R = gas constant
T = temperature
P1 = nRT/V
P2 = 4n * R * 2T/3V
Hence;
P2/P1 = 4n * R * 2T/3V ÷ nRT/V
P2/P1 = 4n * R * 2T/3V * V/nRT
P2/P1 =4 * 2/3
= 8/3
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Look at picture for the question
The amount, in grams, of carbon tetrachloride that would be present, will be 22.99 grams.
Finding the mass from the number of particlesFor every one mole of any substance, there are 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] atoms of particles. This is according to Avogadro.
Now, there are 9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles in this particular carbon tetrachloride.
If 1 mole = 6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles
Then,
9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] particles = 9 x [tex]10^{22[/tex] x 1/6.022 x [tex]10^{23}[/tex] particles
= 0.1495 moles
Carbon tetrachloride has the chemical formula CCl4 and has a molar mass of 153.82 g/mol.
Recall that: mole = mass/molar mass
Hence, mass = mole x molar mass.
Mass of 0.1495 moles CCl4 = 0.1495 x 153.82 = 22.99 grams
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Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions:
Which one of the following terms is used to describe a loan wherein each payment is equal in amount and includes both interest and principal
amortized loan one of the following terms is used to describe a loan wherein each payment is equal in amount and includes both interest and principal.
What is an amortized loan?
A loan that is amortized requires the borrower to pay interest and principal over time. A three-year investment yields 5% a year in interest, paid out semi-annually.An amortized loan payment initially covers the interest cost for the period; any balance is applied to the principle balance.What does it mean when a loan is amortized?
A loan that is amortized over a predetermined period of time is a type of financing. The borrower pays the same amount over the course of the loan under this form of repayment plan, with the initial portion going toward interest and the remaining sum being applied to the existing loan principal.Learn more about amortized loan
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Including the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa, how many nadh, fadh2, atp, and gtp molecules are produced during the krebs cycle?
3 NADH + [tex]1FADH_{2}[/tex] + 1GTP (=ATP) is used during Krebs Cycle in every acetyl CoA
The Krebs cycle is also called citric acid cycle.The Krebs cycle is used for conversion pyruvate to acetyl CoA.The sequence of reaction in living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds.The pyruvate is important chemical compound in the biochemistry.The pyruvate is primary used as transporter of carbon atoms into the mitochondria and do complete oxidation of this carbon atoms into carbon dioxide.
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__________ is the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
Answer:
Radiation therapy is the use of high energy radiation to kill cancer cells.
Answer:
Radiation Therapy.
Explanation:
Also known as radiotherapy, it uses high-energy radiation to damage and/or kill cancer cells.
Insulating materials are composed of atoms with?
Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.
What is Insulating Material ?The material that stop the flow of Sound, Heat and Electricity by them are called Insulating Material. Insulator are the materials whose atoms have tightly bound outer electrons because electrons are not free to shared by neighboring atoms.
Examples: Glass, Plastic, Rubber, Air and Wood.
What are the types of Insulating Material ?There are mainly three types of Insulating Material:
Heat Insulator Electricity Insulator Sound InsulatorThus from the above conclusion we can say that Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.
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Calculate the mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl?
The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.
What is a Moles?A mole is defined as the quantity of a material that includes precisely 6.02214076 X 1023 of the substance's elementary entities.A substance is said to have a mole with a mass equal to 12.000 g of 12C and the same number of basic units as atoms.The mole can be used to calculate the quantities involved in chemical processes and identify the simplest formula of a compound. The molarity notion, which is related, helps discuss reactions in solutions. The number of moles of a solute in a liter of solution is known as molarity (M).Quantities that cannot be quantified using units like grams or milligrams are referred to as moles. A mole thus counts the quantity of atoms, ions, or molecules.The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl:
So, one mole of NaCl weighs 58.44 g. A 2.5 M solution is 2.5 moles per liter (Molarity is just the number of moles per liter). Therefore, 0.5 L would contain 1.25 mole. Hence, you would need 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g
m(NaCl) = M×n
m(NaCl) = 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g
The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.
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The mass of NaCl is 146.25g .
Calculate the molar mass of NaCl ?
The Atomic mass of Na is 23g
Atomic mass of Cl is 35.5g
In the formula there is only one molecule of each element is present so,
Molar mass =23×1+35.5
. →58.5g/ mol
We have given ,
moles of NaCl →2.5 mol
molar mass of NaCl we have found earlier ,
58.5g/mol
No of moles = weight of NaCl /Mb
Mb represent molar mass ofNaCl
2.5=Wb/58.5
Weight of Nacl= 58.5×2.5
. →146.25g
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Molecules that have at least one carbon atom bonded to four different groups are __________ while molecules that do not contain a carbon atom bonded to four different groups are
Chiral carbon refers to compounds with at least one carbon atom connected to four different groups, whereas Achiral carbon refers to molecules without a carbon atom bonded to four separate groups.
What is Chiral carbon ?Chiral carbon centres are tetrahedrally positioned carbon atoms that have four distinct substituents bonded to them. The terms "stereogenic carbons" and "asymmetrical carbon atoms" are also used to describe chiral carbon atoms.
What is Achiral carbon ?An achiral molecule lacks "handedness" and can be superimposed on its mirror copy (think of a baseball bat, which can be used with either hand)
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A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses ________ to form its σ bonds.
A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses sp2 hybridization to form its σ bonds.
Trigonal hybridization is another name for sp2 hybridization. To create the new hybrid orbital known as sp2, one's orbital and two 'p' orbitals of equal energy are mixed together. Trigonal symmetry was used to generate a mixture of s and p orbitals, which are kept at 1200.
One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to generate three sp2 hybridizations, each of which has a 33 percent s character and a 67 percent p character. This process is known as sp2 hybridization. Anytime an atom is surrounded by three groups of electrons, this kind of sp2 hybridization is necessary.
Both the carbon and oxygen atoms are sp2 hybridized. The carbon atom can establish three bonds, one of which is to the oxygen, and possesses three sp2 hybridized orbitals.
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Ammonia, NH3, undergoes reaction with oxygen to form nitrogen and water. When 7.00 x 1022 molecules of ammonia react with 6.00 x 1022 molecules of oxygen, what mass of nitrogen results (grams)
Amount of nitrogen produced = 1.624 g
To calculate the moles, we use the equation:
4NH3(g) + 3 O2 (g) ---> 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2O (g) ....(1)
For ammonia:
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Moles of ammonia = 7.00 x 1022 / 6.023 * 10 ^23 = 0.116 mol
Moles of oxygen = 6.00 x 1022 / 6.023 * 10 ^23 = 0.099 mol
For the reaction:
4NH3(g) + 3 O2 (g) ---> 2 N2 (g) + 6 H2O (g)
By Stoichiometry of the reaction,
4 moles of ammonia combine with 3 moles of Oxygen
Thus 0.116 moles of ammonia will combine with= 3/4 * 0.116 = 0.087 of oxygen
Thus ammonia is the limiting reagent as it limits the formation of product.
4 moles of ammonia produces 2 moles of nitrogen
0.132 moles of ammonia will produce=2/4 * 0.116 = 0.058 of nitrogen
Molar mass of nitrogen = 28 g/mol
Amount of nitrogen produced=
No of moles * molar mass = 0.058 * 282 = 1.624 g
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attractive forces between molecules in a solid are stronger
than bonds between atoms in a molecule
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Attractive forces between molecules in a solid are weaker than bonds between atoms in a molecule.
It takes much more energy to break intramolecular bonds (bonds within molecules) than it does to break intermolecular bonds (bonds between molecules). As a result, it is more difficult to break apart one molecule of a solid than it is to break the solid or separate the molecules from one another.
For a second order reaction, if [A]^-1 is plotted vs. time, which corresponds to the slope of the plot?
a. 1/a
b. K
c. 1/k
d. Ln[a]
e. -k
For a second order reaction, if (A)^-1 is plotted vs. time is straight line with k= slope of the line,Plot the inverse of concentration of a reactnt verus time.
Second order reaction defined as chemical reactions which is the sum of the exponents in the rate of law of the chemical reaction is equal to two.The such reaction is written as the - r=k(A)2 or r= k(A)(B).
Second order reaction is a type of reaction which is depend on the concentrations of one second order or two first order reactants.Reaction proceeds at rate proportional to the square of the product of the concentration of one reactant, or the product of the concentrations of two reactant.
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A _____________ is a reagent that protects a component of the analyte from reaction with edta.
a. hindrance agent
b. displacement agent
c. masking agent
d. blocking agent
e. reducing agent
A
What type of reaction is illustrated?
C₂H4+302 → 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
combustion
decomposition
double
replacement
Answer:
A.) combustion
Explanation:
Combustion reactions are a specific type of redox reaction which always have the same general structure: CₓHᵧ + O₂ ---> H₂O + CO₂ + heat/light
Decomposition reactions are reactions which involve a molecule breaking down into smaller compounds/elements. They have the general structure: AB ---> A + B
Double replacement reactions are reactions in which the cation of one compound is swapped with the cation of another compound. They have the general structure: AB + CD ---> AD + CB
What is the general trend for atomic radius as you go down the noble gas family?
Answer:
the atomic radius is larger as you go down the noble gas family
What is the element with the abbreviated electron configuration [kr]5 s 24 d 8?
The element with the abbreviated electron configuration is palladium.
Abbreviated electron configurationsElectron configurations can be abbreviated using the noble gas configuration. The noble gas elements have completely filled orbitals.
The noble gases are:
Helium with an atomic number of 2Neon with an atomic number of 10Argon with an atomic number of 18Krypton with an atomic number of 36And so on.For example, an element with the atomic number 4 can have its electron configuration written as [He] [tex]2S^2[/tex].
An element with the abbreviated atomic number [Kr] [tex]5s^2[/tex] [tex]4d^8[/tex] has a total of the atomic number of Kr + 2 + 8.
36+2+8 = 46 electrons.
The element with the atomic number of 46 is palladium.
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What was the first expert system developed to determine the chemical structure of molecules?
Dendral was the first expert system developed to determine the chemical structure of molecules.
A molecule refers to a set of (2) or more atoms that are chemically bonded collectively, which allows you to form the smallest essential unit of a chemical compound. additionally, molecules are capable of taking elements in a chemical reaction.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical houses. Molecules are made up of one or extra atoms. A molecule is a hard and speedy of or greater atoms held together via the use of a way of appealing forces called chemical bonds.
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Molecular weight and configurational stability of poly [(fluorophenyl) acetylene]s prepared with metathesis and insertion catalysts
A detailed article on formation of poly [(fluorophenyl) acetylene]s prepared with metathesis and insertion catalysts has been given below.
What is Molecular weight and configurational stability of poly [(fluorophenyl) acetylene]s?By polymerizing (2-fluorophenyl)acetylene, (3-fluorophenyl)acetylene, and (4-fluorophenyl)acetylene with catalysts [Rh(1,5-cyclooctadiene) OCH3]2, high-cis PFPhAs and tungsten(VI) oxychloride/tetraphenyltin, respectively, PFPhAs have been created.Size exclusion chromatography, 1H-NMR, and UV-vis methods were used to investigate the molecular weight and configurational stability of both PFPhAs series under varied circumstances at room temperature.The rate of degradation was independent of the F-position on the Ph ring for all samples while they were in the solid state and exposed to the environment. For high-cis polymers compared to their cis/trans counterparts, the rate of breakdown in the tetrahydrofuran solution increased by up to three orders of magnitude. In an aerated tetrahydrofuran solution, there was considerable cis-to-trans isomerization along with the degradation of high-cis PFPhAs.The F-position on the Ph ring showed the similar dependence on the rate of degradation and isomerization. It was proposed that cis-to-trans isomerization, which increases the amount of unpaired electrons on the main chains, hastened the degradation of high-cis PFPhAs in solution. The ortho-substituted isomers shown increased stability compared to the meta- and para-substituted isomers in both the high-cis and cis/trans series of polymers.To know more about isomerization visit: https://brainly.com/question/2226351
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Calculate the number of ions of the following compound :16g of H2CO3
Answer:
1) a) 1.81 × 10²³ molecules (b) 1.93 × 10²³ molecules (c) 0.66× 10²³ molecules
2) a) 0.45× 10²³ions (b) 0.84× 10²³ions (c) 3.6 × 10²³ions
Explanation:
1) Number of molecules:
The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.
It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.
The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.
a) 16g of H₂CO₃
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 16 g/ 62.03 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.3 mol
1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
0.3 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules /1 mol
1.81 × 10²³ molecules
b) 20g of HNO₃
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 20 g/ 63.01 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.32 mol
1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
0.32 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules /1 mol
1.93 × 10²³ molecules
c) 30g of C₆H₁₂O₆
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 20 g/ 180.156 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.11 mol
1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules
0.11 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules /1 mol
0.66× 10²³ molecules
2. Calculate the number of ions in the following compounds:
a) 10g of AlCl₃
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 10g/ 133.34 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.075 mol
1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ ions
0.075 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ ions/1 mol
0.45× 10²³ions
b) 30g of BaCl₂
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 30g/ 208.23 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.14 mol
1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ ions
0.14 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ ions/1 mol
0.84× 10²³ions
c) 58 g of H2SO4
Number of moles = mass/ molar mass
Number of moles = 58g/ 98.079 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.59 mol
1 mol = 6.022 × 10²³ ions
0.59 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ ions/1 mol
3.6 × 10²³ions
Explanation:
Which describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction?
the substance that is oxidized because it loses electrons
the substance that is reduced because it loses electrons
the substance that is oxidized because it gains electrons
the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons
The statement that describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons (option D).
What is a redox reaction?A redox reaction is a chemical reaction in which some of the atoms have their oxidation number changed.
In a redox reaction, there are oxidizing and reducing agents. The oxidizing agent is the substance that receives electrons from another substance, hence, becoming reduced.
Therefore, the statement that describes the oxidizing agent in a chemical reaction is the substance that is reduced because it gains electrons.
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Answer:D
Explanation:
took test