What are the phases of mitosis?
For revision notes
Answer:
Interphase: The first phase in mitosis can be split up into G (growth) and S (synthesis) phases. In the first G phase, the cell increases in size. DNA is synthesized here (to synthesize is to produce a substance by a chemical reaction). Once this happens, the cell undergoes the G2 phase where there is more cell growth and proteins are produced.
Prophase.
1) Preprophase:
In plant cells only, the cell remains where it is and the nucleus moves around the cell before the start of mitosis through the formation of a phragmosome. In this formation, pre-prophase is the formation of microtubules ring and pre-prophase band under the plasma membrane.
2) Prophase:
A lot of things happen here. The DNA, RNA and proteins combined together - chromatin - merge into chromosomes which are held together by a centromere. Spindle fibers as well as microtubles are then formed in the cytoplasm and the cells organelles eventually migrate to opposite sides of the cell. As prophase continues, the cell nucleus membrane breaks up and the chromosomes move towards the center of the cell.
3. Prometaphase:
This is the end of prophase and an early stage of metaphase. The nuclear membrane breaks up. In addition, the microtubules occupy the nuclear space. Each chromosome forms two kinetochores.
Metaphase
During metaphase the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell along a metaphase plate, exactly in the middle of the cell where it is equidistant from each spindle pole. The chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate randomly until they eventually attach to each other.
Anaphase
The attached chromosomes break apart and move to the opposite ends of the cell. Once there, the “daughter” chromosomes split apart forming single chromatids again.
Telophase
In telophase, the chromosomes then become sectioned off into new nuclei and daughter cells. These nuclei develop nuclear envelopes and mitosis is basically complete with two new daughter cells. The daughter cells are formed with genetic information passed on from the parent cell.
Cytokinesis
The final step, cytokinesis actually takes place near the end of telophase where the two daughter cells now formed split apart into individual cells.
This is a separate process from telophase that begins at the same time as the telophase.
Hope this makes sense. Feel free to ask further for any info.
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It can take ____ for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink (0.6 ounces).
It can take one hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink which is equals to 0.6 ounces.
How much time take by the body to process the alcohol?Our liver can process one ounce of alcohol of standard drink which is equals to 0.6 ounces in one hour. If a person consume more than this amount, the body becomes saturated and the extra alcohol will accumulate in the blood and tissues until it can be metabolized by the body. Alcohol is bad for our health because our senses do not work properly so the consumption of alcohol must be stopped.
So we can conclude that It can take one hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink.
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How are the products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
O 0₂ +6C0₂
O C6H12O6 + 6H₂O
O 6CO2 + 6H₂O
O C6H12O6 + 60₂
Answer:
D.) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis:
6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O ------> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
The reactants are on the left side of the reaction, and the products are on the right side. The reactants consist of carbon dioxide and water. The products are glucose and oxygen.
The products represented in the chemical equation for photosynthesis is C6H12O6 + 60₂. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What do you mean by photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a cycle utilized by plants and different life forms to change over light energy into substance energy that, through cell breath, can later be delivered to fuel the creature's exercises.
Trees and plants use energy from the sun and carbon dioxide in the air to make food through a natural process called photosynthesis. The plants and trees that make up forests play a role in the production of oxygen by storing carbon both above and below the ground.
Instances of photosynthesizing organic entities: Phytoplankton photosynthesis is basically carried out by green plants, cyanobacteria and various kinds of algae.
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In double-stranded dna, the phosphate groups are found on the _______ of the helix and the bases are found on the _________.
Answer:
The backbone of the helix attached to the sugar, in between the Deoxyribose sugar
Explanation:
Two strands of DNA form a twisted ladder-like structure by wrapping around one another. The deoxyribose and phosphate units that make up the backbone of each strand alternate in direction. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (G) are the four bases that are joined to each sugar (T).
A species of plants that adapts to become more tolerant of toxic heavy metals produced as a result of human mining activities is an example of _______. a. stabilizing selection b. disruptive selection c. directional selection d. mutation
A species of plants that adapts to become more tolerant of toxic heavy metals produced as a result of human mining activities is an example of C. directional selection.
When those with qualities that are on one side of the population's mean survive longer or reproduce more than those on the other, this is known as directional selection. It has been repeatedly shown in wild populations using both experimental and observational methods. The "heavy lifting" of evolution is done by directional selection, which tends to move the trait mean in the direction of the environmental optimum. Increased adaptability of organisms is the result. It is the fundamental mechanism that Charles Darwin himself thought would drive adaptive evolution. Two of Darwin's own examples were that faster wolves were better at hunting deer and that larger nectar-producing flowers were better at drawing pollinating insects. Both of these suggest directional selection as opposed to other types (or "modes") of selection.learn more about directional selection here: https://brainly.com/question/9761638
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Answer:
c. directional selection
Explanation:
should be correct ed2022
A selectively permeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. what will happen?
A selective permeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a break of distilled water then water will enter into the sack and it will swell.
This is the process of osmosis in which movement of water molecules form a solution with high concentration to lower concentration till the equilibrium attain. Starch does not pass through thee selectively permeable membrane.Water moves from outside if the cell to the inside leading to swelling of cells.
Small molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute.
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The portion of cellular respiration that consists of passing molecules down a series of carriers is:
The electron transport chain of the cellular respiration passes molecules down a series of carriers.
The electron transport chain occurs at the end of the cellular respiration , It is in this stage that most of cellular ATP generation takes place.
The electron transport chain contains many carrier proteins which are located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons and hydrogen ions are released into the electron transport chain by NADH.
Firstly, there is generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, then molecular oxygen is reduced to form water and finally there is generation of ATP by the process of chemiosmosis.
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In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would be:__________
In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium, the first layer encountered would be Glycocalyx.
The cell coat or outermost first layer of bacterial cells is called the glycocalyx. Glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans make up its composition. It is a network of lipids and membrane proteins connected by polysaccharide chains. On the lumen side, it encircles the vascular endothelial cells.
Various bacterium have varied glycocalyx layers with different compositions and densities. It serves as a protective layer and participates in cell interaction, signalling, and identification.
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ntist is conducting an investigation that involves water, silver, carbon dioxide, and oxyg
group of statements best describe all of the materials he is using in the investigation?
ley are each compounds. Each of the compounds is made of atoms. All of the atoms an
ney are each made of matter. Some are compounds and some are elements. They all c
ney are all elements. Some contain molecules of the same type of atom. Some contain
hey are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Som
The correct option is (d)They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
Any substance with mass and volume is considered matter because it occupies space. Water is a substance that is created when Hydrogen and Oxygen are combined in a fixed ratio (2 H: O) with a chemical link. The elemental metal silver can be found in nature in its metallic form. Carbon is an element, and carbon dioxide as a compound is created when elements of carbon and oxygen are joined in a specific ratio to form the gas.
They are each made of matter. Some are compounds made of one type of element. Some are pure atoms.
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Rapid lateral flow assays based on the quantification of magnetic nanoparticle labels for multiplexed immunodetection of small molecules: application to the determination of drugs of abuse
A rapid lateral flow immunoassay is presented that uses carboxyl-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles as labels that can be quantified by highly sensitive multi-channel electronic readers. The approach is generic in that it is likely to be applicable to numerous small molecules. The method permits both single- and multiplex assays at a point-of-need without sample pretreatment. It is user-friendly and offers attractive characteristics demonstrated here for detection of morphine, fentanyl and methamphetamine in . The competitive immunoassay uses commercially available reagents that do not require special permissions. After migration of sample, the lateral flow test strips are subjected to an alternating magnetic field at two frequencies. The response from the nanolabels is readout at a combinatorial frequency from the entire volume of a porous immunochromatographic membrane by the magnetic particle quantification technique.
application to the determination of drugs of abuse.
Estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is complex because of many different influencing factors and the lack of experimental data. Detection times vary depending on dose and route of administration, metabolism and characteristics of the screening and confirmation assays. Using a cut-off value of 1000 ng/mL, urinary samples can be positive for amphetamine for up to 5 days after intake of the drug.
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Which metabolic pathway requires a proton gradient?
a. the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coa .
b. the citric acid cycle.
c. oxidative phosphorylation.
d. glycolysis fermentation.
Oxidative phosphorylation requires a proton gradient.
Cells use enzymes to oxidize foods in the metabolic pathway known as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or terminal oxidation, which releases chemical energy to create adenosine triphosphate. This happens inside mitochondria in eukaryotes. The majority of the energy required for biosynthesis, maintaining a healthy ion balance, and mechanical effort is provided by oxidative phosphorylation, which is the principal source of ATP in higher animals.A succession of proteins and electron carriers in the mitochondrial membrane, as well as the electron transport chain, are all involved in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.learn more about Oxidative phosphorylation here: https://brainly.com/question/13254827
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If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow, you would say that the bull and the cow showed:_____.
If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow, you would say that the bull and the cow showed gametic isolation.
What is gametic isolation?A type of isolation that occurs in many aquatic animals of different species. These species deposit gametes in the water, in the same place and at the same time, with fertilization occurring only between gametes originated by the same species.
Reproductive isolation mechanisms that operate prior to mating are called prezygotic reproductive barriers. These barriers are important, as they prevent individuals of different species from interbreeding and reproducing.
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DNA is composed of two strands, only one of which typically is used as a template for RNA synthesis. By what mechanism is the correct strand chosen
To choose the strand the promoter acts to aim the RNA polymerase.
What does RNA polymerase do?RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA by following a strand of DNA. The primary transcription enzyme is RNA polymerase. When RNA polymerase connects to a promoter sequence near the start of a gene, transcription starts (directly or through helper proteins). To create a fresh, complementary RNA molecule, RNA polymerase employs one of the DNA strands (the template strand) as a template.
Three distinct RNA polymerases (RNAPs), which transcribe various kinds of genes, are present in all eukaryotes. RNA polymerase I transcribe rRNA genes, RNA polymerase II transcribes mRNA, miRNA, snRNA, and snoRNA genes, and RNA polymerase III transcribes tRNA and 5S rRNA genes.
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Which is the predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host’s re-exposure to an antigen?
The predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host’s re-exposure to an antigen is Immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Immunoglobulin G is a type of antibody, representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells.
The functional activities of IgG molecules, such as bactericidal effect mediated by complement, viral neutralization, inactivation of toxins and opsonization, are important for the development of an effective immune response against a large range of microorganisms and their toxic products
The IgG average range is between 549-1600 mg/dL in the body.
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Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a:____________
Cellular respiration extracts energy from food and takes place in the organelle called a mitochondria.
It is made up of an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a gooey matrix inside.
Mitochondria is also known as the "powerhouse". It is also involved in the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation phases of the respiration.
It is an oval-shaped organelle found in most of the eukaryotic cells. Its membranes are specialized for aerobic respiration. As the site of cellular respiration, mitochondria gets to transform molecules such as glucose into energy molecule known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
The electron transport chain and most ATP synthesis depends on the compartments created by the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
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Under the Endangered Species Act, all federal agencies must Group of answer choices avoid the use of all chemicals until the EPA has determined they are safe. prepare an environmental impact statement for actions significantly affecting the environment. avoid damage to habitat critical to the survival of endangered species. All of these are correct.
The Endangered Species Act was enacted to avoid damage to habitats critical to the survival of endangered species.
Endangered Species Act
A species is considered endangered if is facing extinction and a threatened species is a species that is o the verge of becoming an endangered species. The ESA was thus enacted in the year 1973 to protect such species by the federal government. Three different departments of the federal government are responsible for administering ESA and they are:
Department of InteriorDepartment of CommerceDepartment of AgricultureESA was formulated to aid various measures meant for the protection of endangered and threatened species and facilitate various recovery programs to increase their population size. The area or the habitat where an endangered species live is called a critical habitat and ESA aims to prevent the destruction of the critical habitats.
There are exceptions to the ESA for cases such as national security matters, actions of Alaskan natives, hardship cases, etc. The ESA is enacted with the help of citizen suits, civil penalties, and criminal penalties.
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Osteoporosis is caused by the decrease in the level of ___?
Answer:
Estrogen
Explanation:
Osteoporosis mostly occurs in aged women, which is related to decreased estrogen level.
A sheet of muscles covering the back of the shoulders that aids in shoulder shrugs is called the:_______
A sheet of muscles covering the back of the shoulders that aids in shoulder shrugs are called the Trapezius muscles.
The muscle known as the trapezius muscles runs from the base of the neck to the middle of the back, passing through the shoulders. You may move your head, neck, arms, shoulders, and torso with the aid of the trapezius muscle.
Additionally, it supports spinal stability and improves posture. The traps may be impacted by muscle strains, which can hurt and limit movement. Both posture and mobility are controlled by the trapezius muscles.
It enables you to turn and tilt your head in all directions. When you lift your arm or throw a ball, the trapezius muscle controls your scapula (shoulder blade).
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What information from the client would support the diagnosis of guillain-barré syndrome?
The most patients with typical GBS present with rapidly progressive bilateral leg weakness with hypo/areflexia in the affected limbs. In rare cases, patients can present with facial, oculomotor, bulbar, i.e. difficulty with swallowing and speaking, weakness, or primary sensory symptoms.
The clinical diagnosis of GBS needs to be confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis and nerve conduction studies. Lumbar puncture is indicated in every case of suspected GBS.
The things to be monitor in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) respiratory status of patients with GBS must therefore be carefully and frequently monitored. Pulse oximetry and blood gases are inadequate for early detection of failure because hypoxemia and hypercarbia are very late manifestations.
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Please help me with these questions!! I'll give crown when it will be available!!
The total weight of the space shuttle decreases in the first 20 seconds due to the rapid combustion of the fuel.
In the first 20 seconds;
The upward force on the shuttle is 27 million NewtonsTotal weight of shuttle and fuel is 16.5 million NewtonsThe resultant force on the shuttle = (27 - 16.5) million Newtons = 10.5 million NewtonsThe shuttle cannot take off before the first 10 seconds because the weight of the shuttle and fuel is far greater than the upward force on the shuttle.Why are the hydrogen and oxygen fuels of space shuttles in liquid form?The fuel used in space shuttles is liquid hydrogen and oxygen.
The fuels are in liquid form in order to slow the combustion rate as well as to reduce the volume occupied by the fuels.
Oxygen is needed in tanks of space shuttles because oxygen is not abundant in space.
The total weight of the space shuttle decreases in the first 20 seconds due to the rapid combustion of the fuel.
In the first 20 seconds;
The upward force on the shuttle is 27 million NewtonsTotal weight of shuttle and fuel is 16.5 million NewtonsThe resultant force on the shuttle = (27 - 16.5) million Newtons = 10.5 million NewtonsThe shuttle cannot take off before the first 10 seconds because the weight of the shuttle and fuel is far greater than the upward force on the shuttle.In conclusion, the combustion of the fuel of the shuttle produces the upward force to lift the shuttle.
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How does the structure of cells relate to different functions and specialization
Answer: They can transport molecules, metabolize nutrients, and reproduce within this one cell.
Explanation: Multicellular organisms need many different types of cells to carry out the same life processes. Each of these special types of cells has a different structure that helps it perform a specific function.
A regulator
regulator
O
is the part that connects to your scuba cylinder and a
is the part you place in your mouth and use to breath.
alternate air source / first stage
second stage/first stage
first stage/second stage
low pressure inflator/second stage
Answer:
First stage
Explanation:
Mark brainliest
What is the common name of Musca domestica?
The House fly (commonly known as Housefly) is the common name of Musca domestica, it is an insect of the suborder Cyclorrhapha.
What is the House fly?The House fly is an insect from the order Diptera which is characterized by having wings that allow them to fly.
The House fly is widely extended across the world and it is a highly adaptable species that lives in different climate conditions.
In conclusion, the House fly (commonly known as Housefly) is the common name of Musca domestica, it is an insect of the suborder Cyclorrhapha.
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Answer:
The house fly
Explanation:
The house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, is a well-known cosmopolitan pest of both farm and home. This species is always found in association with humans or the activities of humans. It is the most common species found on hog and poultry farms, horse stables and ranches.
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There is general agreement that species classified as Homo should share all of these characteristics EXCEPT
Large brain size, small and flat face, small jaws and teeth, exploitation of diversity are some common features of homo species. Different homo species have different shapes of skulls.
Homo, genus of the family Hominidae (order Primates), is distinguished by a relatively large cranial capacity, limb structure adapted to a habitual erect posture and a bipedal gait, well-developed and fully opposable thumbs, hands capable of power and precision grips, and the ability to make standardized precision tools by combining one tool with another.
Different Homo species are differentiate from skull shapes. Their body shapes also tends to vary. This is due to different environment conditions in different time zones.
However, Homo species show many common characteristics such as Large brain size, small and flat face, small jaws and teeth.
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What percentages of maximum response in the three types of cones (s:m:l) will result in the perception of yellow light?
We perceive yellow when our L cones are stimulated at around 95% of their maximum and M cones at roughly 55% of their maximum (this ratio corresponds to a wavelength of about 580 nanometers).
What is the function of rods and cones in the eye?Rods and cones are the two different categories of photoreceptors found in the human retina. Cones are in charge of vision in brighter environments, whereas rods are in charge of vision in low light. Mesopic refers to the range of light where both can function.
Rods:
Capable of scotopic vision (low light levels).Populate the retina's outer edges.They have a rod design that makes it easier to see at night or in low light.Include the vitamin A-rich rhodopsin pigment necessary for night vision, making rods sensitive to light.Cones:
Responsible for color perception, high spatial acuity, and photopic vision (higher light levels).They are mainly located in the retina and are populated in the central fovea region.Cone-shaped and aid in highlighting color and other subtle features.They come in three varieties: L-cones, M-cones, and S-cones, which are sensitive to long, intermediate, and short waves respectively (S-cones)These contain the violet-colored iodopsin pigment.Learn more about rods and cones here:
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True or false
Most scientists agree that cloning on a biome map, patches representing the same biome tend to occur at similar longitudes
Answer:
Explanation:
false
Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are:_______
Gestures and body postures that are an important part of nonverbal communication are: Facial expressions, gestures, and movements of the body.
Nonverbal communication is the exchange of messages or signals through nonverbal cues including body language, gestures, and nonverbal cues like eye contact and facial expressions. It makes use of kinesics, distance, physical environments/appearance, voice, and touch in addition to social cues.The exchange of information through body language, gestures, facial emotions, created space, and other nonverbal cues is known as nonverbal communication. For instance, smiling at someone when you first meet them communicates warmth, acceptance, and openness.Whether they are aware of it or not, everyone uses nonverbal communication all the time.Face expressions, gestures, paralinguistics including volume and tone of voice, body language, proxemics or personal space, eye contact, haptics (touch), appearance, and artifacts are all examples of nonverbal communication.learn more about Nonverbal communication here : https://brainly.com/question/5428379
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As a river flows downhill carrying sediment, what happens when the river widens and slows down?
As a river flows downhill carrying sediment, when the river widens and slows down, the sediment deposits.
What is deposition of sediments?
Deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, flowing water, the sea or ice.
Sediment can be transported as pebbles, sand and mud, or as salts dissolved in water.
When the river flowing downhill widens and slows down, the velocity of thee river drops and the sediments begins to deposit as the energy with which the river is transporting it begins to decline due to drop in the river velocity.
Thus, as a river flows downhill carrying sediment, when the river widens and slows down, the sediment deposits.
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. Imagine that you are a doctor in a maternity ward. During your last shift, 20 babies were born. 10 had blue eyes, and 10 had brown eyes. Remember genotypes are the two alleles given for each trait, written with a letter. For this activity B
The potential genotypes for newborns with brown eyes are BB and Bb, whereas the potential genotype for newborns with blue eyes is bb.
According to the information provided above, b = allele for blue eyes is recessive while B = allele for brown eyes is dominant. A recessive allele is one that cannot express itself in the presence of a dominant allele, while a dominant allele conceals the effect of a recessive allele. A dominant allele expresses itself in the presence of a recessive allele. While a dominant allele can express itself in both a homozygous and heterozygous state, a recessive allele can only do so. Therefore, newborns with brown eyes will have two genotype options: BB and Bb, whereas those with blue eyes will only have one.Learn more about genotype
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The form of a sugar that is stored in the liver and muscles and broken down when the body requires a burst of energy is
Answer:
glucose
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