Formative Assessment: African American Civil Rights
Essential Question: When considering the different solutions proposed by W.E.B Dubois and Booker T.
Washington, who was the stronger advocate for African American Civil Rights at the time, and whose
influences has endured today?
Directions: Please get out the following materials:
● Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois primary sources
● Graphic Organizer
● Movie questions
●
Quickwrite w/ wordbank
*You must use the primary sources in your responses and you may pull from all materials for your
answers
Prompt: In responding to the essential question above, please state a clear and direct claim addressing
both parts of the question and provide evidence (from both documents) and reasoning for each. (250
words or 11 - 14 sentences)

1. The month that typically receives the most precipitation in Alexandria can vary depending on the specific climatic patterns of the region. However, based on general climate trends in many regions, months like November or December could experience higher precipitation due to seasonal shifts and weather patterns. It is essential to consult local meteorological data or historic weather records for a more accurate and specific .

2. The month with a record low of 36 degrees Fahrenheit in Alexandria is also difficult to determine without further information. Alexandria's climate is generally mild, with temperatures rarely dropping to freezing levels. However, during cold spells or unusual weather patterns, it is possible for temperatures to reach record lows. Checking local weather records or consulting meteorological data for Alexandria would provide a more precise .

3. Without specific information about the average temperatures in Alexandria, it is challenging to determine which months have an average high of 47 degrees Fahrenheit. The climate and average temperatures in Alexandria can vary depending on the time of year and prevailing weather patterns. It would be advisable to consult local weather data or historical climate records for Alexandria to identify the months that typically have an average high around 47 degrees Fahrenheit.

4. The difference in degrees Fahrenheit between the record high and record low for the month of October in Alexandria would require access to historical weather data or specific temperature records for the region. This information is essential to accurately determine the temperature range between the record high and low. Consulting local meteorological sources or historical climate records would provide the necessary information to calculate the temperature difference for October in Alexandria.

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The knowledge that the continents were once connected and that our current environments have evolved over time can be fascinating and thought-provoking. Understanding the geological history of our planet helps us appreciate the dynamic nature of Earth's landscapes and how they have transformed over millions of years.

Considering that Florida was once part of a landmass connected to Russia, where giant woolly mammoths roamed, can be a reminder of the incredible changes that have taken place. It highlights the interconnectedness of different regions and the diverse ecological systems that have thrived in various environments.

Reflecting on this history may encourage us to reconsider our present environment in hot and humid South Florida. It can offer a broader perspective on the forces that have shaped the area and the resilience of life in adapting to different conditions. It reminds us that environments are not static, but rather subject to ongoing change.

This understanding can inspire a sense of wonder and curiosity about the world around us. It may also foster a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of nature and the need to protect and sustain our current ecosystems in the face of modern-day challenges such as climate change.

Ultimately, contemplating the geological history of our environment can provide us with valuable insights and encourage us to approach our surroundings with a sense of awe, respect, and a desire to preserve the beauty and diversity of our planet for future generations.

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South African women played a significant role in the fight against human rights violations from the 1950s to 1960s. They actively participated in protests and campaigns, formed alliances with various organizations, and raised awareness about the injustices occurring in the apartheid era

South African women played a significant role in the fight against human rights violations in the 1950s and 1960s. They were actively involved in anti-apartheid movements and fought against the discriminatory policies of the government. Women like Helen Joseph, Lilian Ngoyi, and Albertina Sisulu organized protests, rallies, and boycotts to demand equal rights and freedom for all.

They also played a crucial role in educating their communities and raising awareness about the injustices faced by black South Africans. Additionally, many women were arrested, tortured, and imprisoned for their activism, but they remained resilient and continued to fight for justice. Overall, South African women were instrumental in the struggle against human rights violations during this time and played a pivotal role in the eventual downfall of apartheid.

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Answer: the Mexican American War.

Explanation:

Three distinct movements or individuals from different periods and regions that have had a profound impact on world history are The Renaissance, The American Civil Rights Movement, and The Indian Independence Movement.

The Renaissance (14th to 17th centuries, Europe): The Renaissance was a cultural and intellectual movement that emerged in Europe, particularly in Italy. It marked a transition from the medieval period to the modern era and had a significant impact on art, literature, science, and philosophy. Prominent figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo Galilei contributed to advancements in various fields, sparking a renewed interest in humanism, scientific inquiry, and artistic expression.

The American Civil Rights Movement (mid-20th century, United States): The American Civil Rights Movement was a struggle for racial equality and social justice, primarily led by African Americans in the United States. Activists like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X challenged racial segregation, discrimination, and inequality. Their efforts, along with grassroots mobilization and nonviolent protests, led to significant legislative and societal changes, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which had a lasting impact on civil rights movements worldwide.

The Indian Independence Movement (late 19th to mid-20th century, India): The Indian Independence Movement was a mass movement against British colonial rule in India. Led by figures such as Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Subhas Chandra Bose, the movement employed nonviolent resistance, civil disobedience, and political activism to achieve independence. The movement not only led to India's freedom in 1947 but also inspired similar movements across the globe and played a crucial role in the decolonization process in Asia and Africa, reshaping the course of world history.

These three examples demonstrate the significant influence of movements and individuals in shaping world history by driving cultural, political, and social transformations.

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In 1937, Franklin Roosevelt took an action that almost derailed the entire New Deal. This action was the introduction of a bill to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court from nine to fifteen.

The move was seen as an attempt to pack the court with justices who would be sympathetic to his New Deal policies, which had faced significant opposition from conservative judges.

The bill, known as the Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, was widely criticized and viewed as an attack on the independence of the judiciary. It caused a major backlash against Roosevelt and damaged his political capital.

Although the bill ultimately failed to pass, the controversy it generated highlighted the growing opposition to the New Deal and demonstrated the limits of Roosevelt's power. The episode also marked a turning point in Roosevelt's presidency, as he shifted his focus to other initiatives such as social welfare programs and international diplomacy.

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According to Herbart, if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas, the new idea will be rejected or suppressed.

Herbart, a German philosopher, and psychologist, proposed that when a new idea conflicts with pre-existing ideas or beliefs in an individual's mind, it creates a state of cognitive dissonance. This dissonance occurs when there is a discrepancy between one's current knowledge or beliefs and new information or ideas being presented.

Herbart argued that the mind seeks to maintain internal consistency and coherence, so if a new idea is incompatible with pre-existing ideas, it will be resisted or suppressed.

In other words, Herbart believed that individuals tend to protect their existing knowledge and beliefs by rejecting or ignoring ideas that contradict them. This process of cognitive filtering allows individuals to maintain psychological harmony and avoid the discomfort of cognitive dissonance.

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The first straight play by a black playwright to make it to Broadway was in 1959. Therefore, the correct option is B.

The first straight play by a black playwright that made it to Broadway was "A Raisin in the Sun" by Lorraine Hansberry, which premiered in 1959. This groundbreaking play addressed issues of race, segregation, and the pursuit of the American Dream, and has since become a classic in American theater.

The play focuses on the struggles of an African American family living in Chicago and their aspirations for a better life. It was a groundbreaking production, as it was one of the first times that a play written by a black playwright was produced on Broadway. "A Raisin in the Sun" received critical acclaim and went on to have a successful run on Broadway, cementing its place in American theater history. Hence, the correct answer is option B.

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During his 1968 presidential campaign, Alabama Governor George C. Wallace raised hot-button issues like racial segregation, states rights, and law and order that later became hallmarks of mainstream conservatism.

George C. Wallace's presidential campaign in 1968 centered around controversial issues that resonated with a specific segment of the population, primarily in the South. One of the main issues he raised was racial segregation, advocating for the preservation of Jim Crow laws and resisting the federally mandated desegregation efforts. This stance appealed to many white Americans who were opposed to the civil rights movement and feared the erosion of their social and cultural traditions.

Another key issue Wallace emphasized was stated' rights. He argued that the federal government was encroaching on the sovereignty of individual states, particularly regarding matters such as civil rights legislation. By championing states' rights, Wallace tapped into the broader sentiment of limited government intervention, a principle that would later become central to mainstream conservative ideology.

Additionally, Wallace campaigned on the platform of law and order, emphasizing the need for strong and strict law enforcement to maintain social stability. This message resonated with Americans who felt increasingly concerned about rising crime rates and social unrest during the 1960s.

Although Wallace's bid for the presidency was ultimately unsuccessful, his campaign and the issues he raised had a lasting impact. The ideas of racial segregation, states' rights, and law and order gained traction within the conservative movement and became integral components of the conservative agenda in subsequent years. These issues continue to shape conservative politics and policy discussions, reflecting the enduring influence of George C. Wallace's presidential campaign.

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The Roman Catholic faith provided unity to the Polish people despite Poland's changing borders in Central Europe.



For centuries, Poland experienced frequent border shifts due to various historical events, such as wars and partitions. However, the Roman Catholic Church played a significant role in providing a sense of unity and cultural identity to the Polish people throughout these territorial changes.

The Catholic faith became deeply ingrained in Polish society, shaping their values, traditions, and national identity. The Church acted as a unifying force, providing a common moral and religious framework that transcended political boundaries. The Polish people's strong devotion to Catholicism helped maintain a shared sense of identity, even as the political map of Central Europe was continually redrawn.

Despite facing political divisions and external pressures, the Catholic Church's influence remained strong, fostering a sense of unity and cultural cohesion among the Polish population. The Church's teachings and rituals served as a unifying cultural thread, helping the Polish people preserve their national identity and maintain a sense of continuity and stability amidst geopolitical changes.

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Both Belgium and Sri Lanka approach the issue of cultural diversity in distinct ways.

In Belgium, a country known for its linguistic and cultural diversity, the government has adopted a federal structure that grants a significant degree of autonomy to its regions and communities. This system allows for the recognition and protection of different cultural identities.

The Sri Lanka's approach to cultural diversity has been shaped by its historical and ethnic complexities. The country is home to various ethnic communities, primarily Sinhalese and Tamils, each with distinct cultural practices and identities.

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Answer:railroad transportation

Explanation:

At the start of the specified time period, the unemployment rate in the country rose from 1.5 million to 15 million, and the GDP decreased from $104 billion to $59 billion.

The given information suggests a significant downturn in the country's economy during the specified time period. The increase in the unemployment rate from 1.5 million to 15 million indicates a substantial rise in joblessness, reflecting a severe economic downturn.

This rise in unemployment signifies a decrease in employment opportunities and highlights the challenges faced by individuals in finding work.

Simultaneously, the decline in GDP from $104 billion to $59 billion indicates a contraction in the country's economic output. GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders.

The decrease in GDP suggests a decline in economic activity and output, which can be attributed to various factors such as reduced consumer spending, decreased investments, or a decline in exports.

Overall, the given data points to a period of economic distress characterized by a significant increase in unemployment and a decline in the country's GDP. These economic indicators reflect the challenging economic conditions faced by individuals and the overall economic contraction experienced during that time.

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This miraculous healing created a strong bond between Rasputin and the royal family, leading Alexandra to believe in his divine abilities.

Additionally, Rasputin presented himself as a mystic and spiritual advisor, offering guidance on matters of faith and personal matters. He cultivated a close relationship with Alexandra, who saw him as a confidant and trusted advisor. Rasputin's influence over the Tsarina extended beyond spiritual matters, as he also provided counsel on political decisions, further solidifying her trust in him. It is important to note that historical perspectives on Rasputin's influence and his relationship with the Tsarina vary, and opinions differ regarding the extent of his control over the royal family and its impact on Russian history.

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Answer:

England was seen as a powerful force when it came to global, economic, and political issues.

Explanation:

Victorian England used to boast that the British Empire was so vast that  it was "the empire on which the sun never sets." Great Britain was the most powerful country of the world for most of the 19th century and until 1918, it had the largest navy, the largest fleet of merchant ships, and a formidable army. It was totally industrialized and possessed more colonies than anyone else.

The Book of Daniel stands out among the prophetic books due to its inclusion of historical narratives, the portrayal of interactions with foreign rulers, and the presence of apocalyptic elements.

The historical content of the Book of Daniel differs from that of other prophetic books in several ways.

Firstly, unlike many other prophetic books that primarily focus on delivering messages and prophecies, the Book of Daniel contains a significant amount of historical narrative. It presents the story of Daniel, a Jewish exile in Babylon, and his experiences serving in the royal court of various kings, including Nebuchadnezzar and Darius.

Secondly, the Book of Daniel provides historical accounts of significant events and interactions with foreign rulers. It recounts the fall of Jerusalem, the Babylonian exile, and the rise and fall of empires such as Babylon, Medo-Persia, and Greece. These historical narratives provide a context for understanding the prophetic messages conveyed in the book.

Furthermore, the Book of Daniel incorporates apocalyptic literature, which is unique among the prophetic books. It includes visions, dreams, and symbolic imagery, often interpreted by the prophet himself or angelic beings. These elements of apocalyptic literature contribute to the distinctiveness of the Book of Daniel in its presentation of prophecy.

In summary, these features distinguish it from other prophetic texts and provide a unique perspective on both historical events and prophetic revelations.

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  Since the mid-1990s, the policy used on the US-Mexico border has been known as "Prevention through Deterrence," driving hopeful migrants into the hostile terrain of the desert.

  "Prevention through Deterrence" aimed to secure the border by deploying increased border enforcement and surveillance in urban areas, making it more difficult for migrants to cross through traditional entry points. The strategy relied on the assumption that migrants would be deterred by the treacherous desert conditions, discouraging them from attempting to enter the United States. However, instead of deterring migration, the policy has funneled migrants into remote and inhospitable regions, such as the desert, where the chances of survival are low. This has led to a significant increase in migrant deaths due to exposure, dehydration, and other hazards, as migrants are forced to take longer and more perilous routes to evade detection.

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The one that is not an action the Catholic Church took during the Counter-Reformation is: C. promoted the reading of Protestant books and ideas

The Catholic Church did not encourage reading Protestant literature or adopting Protestant beliefs during the Counter-Reformation. In reaction to the Protestant Reformation the Catholic Church underwent a substantial period of reform and revival known as the Counter-Reformation.

The Catholic Church attempted to halt the growth of Protestantism and reestablish its power and beliefs during the Counter-Reformation.

Therefore the correct option is C.

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The Free Speech Movement influenced Harvard by promoting academic freedom, open dialogue, and activism on campus.

The Free Speech Movement, which began at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1964, had a significant impact on colleges across the United States, including Harvard. At Harvard, the movement contributed to fostering academic freedom, open dialogue, and student activism on campus.

It encouraged students and faculty members to express their opinions, engage in political discussions, and challenge traditional boundaries of academia.

Moreover, the movement led to the establishment of various student organizations and forums for discussing pressing social issues, creating a more inclusive and diverse intellectual environment at Harvard.

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The article most fully develops the perspective of the United States in the 20th century during the Cold War in Asia. The details provided in the article give insights into the U.S. perspective on the situation.

The article focuses primarily on the United States' perspective in the 20th century during the Cold War in Asia. It provides details about the U.S. involvement in the region and its efforts to contain the spread of communism, particularly in countries like China and Korea.

The article highlights the U.S. perception of communism as a threat to democracy and capitalism, leading to its active engagement in military interventions and diplomatic maneuvers.

The article further elaborates on the U.S.'s strategic alliances, such as the formation of SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) and support for anti-communist governments in the region. It mentions the U.S.'s concern about the spread of communism and the potential domino effect if one country were to fall under communist influence.

On the other hand, the article does not fully develop China's perspective during the Cold War in Asia. While China's involvement and perspective are briefly mentioned in relation to the Korean War and its support for North Korea, the article primarily focuses on the United States' actions and policies.

Therefore, China's perspective and motivations behind its actions in the region are not extensively explored or discussed in the article.

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The Holocaust was a genocide committed by Nazi Germany during World War II, in which roughly six million Jews, as well as other groups similar to Roma, impaired people, and homosexuals, were totally boggled.

The causes of the Holocaust can be traced back to the rise of the Nazi Testament and its creation of a supremacist and anti-Semitic docket. Adolf Hitler and his followers criticized the Jews for Germany's profitable problems and loss in World War I, and habituated propaganda to spread abomination and fear of Jews. The Nazis enforced discriminative laws and programs that marginalized and bedeviled Jews, climaxing in the genocide of the Holocaust.

The goods of the Holocaust were disastrous and long-lasting. The murder of millions of people had a profound impact on families, communities, and societies, as well as the world as a whole. The Holocaust shattered the lives of survivors and their descendants, leaving deep cerebral scars and trauma. It also had a profound effect on Jewish culture, causing a loss of numerous artistic vestiges, traditions, and communities.

The Holocaust also had significant political and social consequences, leading to the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 as a motherland for Jewish people. It also prodded sweat to promote mortal rights and combat prejudice and demarcation on a global scale. The Holocaust remains a deeply significant and woeful event in mortal history and serves as an important memorial of the troubles of abomination, racism, and dogmatism.

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This statement is true. Johnson's impeachment set a precedent that Congress could potentially remove leaders based on personality rather than solely on illegal conduct.

The impeachment of President Andrew Johnson in 1868 indeed marked a significant moment in American history. The impeachment proceedings against Johnson were primarily driven by political disagreements and clashes with Congress, rather than solely based on illegal conduct. The main charges against Johnson were related to his violation of the Tenure of Office Act, which required Senate approval for the removal of certain officeholders. However, it can be argued that the underlying motivation for his impeachment was his personality, clashes with Congress, and his resistance to implementing Reconstruction policies.

The impeachment of Johnson set a precedent that Congress could consider personal disagreements and clashes with the legislative branch as grounds for impeachment. This broader interpretation of impeachment as a tool for removing leaders based on personality and political disagreements, rather than exclusively on illegal conduct, has had implications for subsequent impeachment proceedings in the United States. It has contributed to ongoing debates about the scope and grounds for impeachment and the balance of power between the executive and legislative branches.

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By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in South Vietnam's favor was to pursue a policy known as "Vietnamization."

Vietnamization aimed to gradually transfer the responsibility for combat operations from American forces to the South Vietnamese military (ARVN).Nixon and Kissinger believed that by reducing U.S. troop levels and increasing support for the ARVN, they could enable the South Vietnamese to take a greater role in defending their country against the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces. This strategy involved providing military training, equipment, and logistical support to the South Vietnamese, while gradually withdrawing American combat forces.

The goal of Vietnamization was to build up the capabilities and confidence of the South Vietnamese military so that they could eventually assume full responsibility for their country's defense. However, it should be noted that despite these efforts, South Vietnam ultimately fell to communist forces in 1975, two years after Nixon's presidency ended.

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"communes". In the 1960s, many people formed intentional communities where they lived together and shared resources.

In the '60s, some people went off to live in their own little communities where they shared living spaces, chores, and food. These communities were often called communes, and they were based on principles of cooperation, mutual aid, and anti-materialism. Members of communes worked together to grow food, cook meals, and maintain their living spaces, and many communes also had shared spaces for communal activities like music, art, and political organizing. Overall, communes were a way for people to live more sustainably and communally, and they played an important role in the countercultural movements of the 1960s and 70s.

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Rose Greenhow provided valuable intelligence to Confederate commanders, while General Stonewall Jackson's defense of the Confederate line played a crucial role in the Confederate victory at Bull Run.

The Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas, took place on July 21, 1861, during the American Civil War. It was a significant early engagement between the Union and Confederate forces. The Confederate Army, led by General P.G.T. Beauregard, emerged victorious in this battle.

Rose Greenhow, a Confederate spy, played a crucial role in the Confederate victory at Bull Run. Greenhow provided valuable intelligence to the Confederate commanders, including details about Union troop movements and plans. Her network of spies relayed this information to General Beauregard, allowing him to make strategic decisions based on the Union's movements.

Another key figure in the Confederate victory was General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson. Jackson earned his nickname during the battle for his steadfast defense of the Confederate line. His troops, holding a crucial position on Henry Hill, repelled multiple Union assaults, solidifying the Confederate position and demoralizing the Union forces. Jackson's leadership and tactical skill were instrumental in the Confederate victory at Bull Run.

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In European cities, wealthier people tend to cluster either along a sector extending out from the Central Business District (CBD) or along major highways.

Similar to patterns observed in the United States, wealthier individuals in European cities exhibit a tendency to cluster in specific areas. One common pattern is the sector model, where wealthier residents concentrate in a sector extending out from the CBD. This sector typically corresponds to a desirable direction, such as a waterfront or a scenic area, attracting those with higher incomes.

Additionally, wealthier individuals may also choose to reside along major highways, especially in suburban areas where convenient access to transportation networks and amenities is valued.

These areas often offer a mix of residential, commercial, and recreational facilities, making them attractive to affluent residents.

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The statement ' It is possible that an extraterrestrial civilization has explored the Earth at some point in its history' is true due to vastness of the universe and probability of existence of intelligent life forms on other planets.

This is due to the vastness of the universe and the high probability of the existence of other intelligent life forms. With the number of potentially habitable planets in our galaxy alone, it is likely that at least some of them have supported life and developed civilizations capable of interstellar travel.

While we have not yet received any definitive evidence of alien visitation, the possibility cannot be ruled out. There have been many reported sightings and encounters throughout history, and scientific exploration of our solar system and beyond continues to uncover new discoveries that could potentially support the existence of extraterrestrial life. Hence, the statement is true.

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c). John McLaughlin was not a guitarist for the Yardbirds

The other three options, Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Eric Clapton, were all guitarists for the Yardbirds at different times. Jimmy Page played with the Yardbirds from 1966 to 1968,

Jeff Beck was with the band from 1965 to 1966 and Eric Clapton played with the Yardbirds from 1963 to 1965. The Yardbirds were an influential British rock band of the 1960s that helped launch the careers of several famous guitarists.

They were known for their experimentation with different musical styles and their innovative use of guitar effects. Some of their most famous songs include "For Your Love," "Heart Full of Soul," and "Shapes of Things."

Therefore the correct option is c). John McLaughlin

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John Maclaughlin was not a guitarist for the Yardbirds. The guitarists for this band were Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Eric Clapton.

The Yardbirds were a famous rock band known for having some of the most talented guitarists of their time. However, John Maclaughlin was not one of them. The guitarists who played for the Yardbirds were Jimmy Page, Jeff Beck, and Eric Clapton.

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PUSH factor: The Irish Potato Famine in Ireland from 1845-1849 was characterized by a devastating push factor, which was the widespread failure of the potato crop. PULL factor: A significant pull factor during the Irish Potato Famine was the promise of hope and relief that emigration presented to the Irish population.

PUSH factor: The Irish Potato Famine in Ireland from 1845-1849 was characterized by a devastating push factor, which was the widespread failure of the potato crop. The potato, being the staple food for a significant portion of the Irish population, suffered from a potato blight that destroyed the crops year after year. This catastrophic event pushed the Irish people into a state of extreme poverty and famine, as their main source of sustenance and livelihood was decimated.

PULL factor: A significant pull factor during the Irish Potato Famine was the promise of hope and relief that emigration presented to the Irish population. Faced with dire circumstances and the inability to sustain themselves, many Irish individuals and families were drawn towards the idea of leaving their homeland in search of better opportunities and a chance for survival. Countries such as the United States and Canada offered the prospect of employment, land, and a fresh start, providing a pull factor for the Irish to leave their country in the hopes of a better future. This pull factor fueled a significant wave of Irish emigration during and after the potato famine.

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