Help me with this chemistry question please and thank you

The free energy is always negative and the dissolution is feasible when enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive. Option A

Water is known as the universal solvent. Water is a polar substance hence it is often used to dissolve polar substances. It has a dipole and being that there is a high degree of electronegativity difference between the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms in water, it is feasible that the degree of hydrogen bonding between the two is high.

We know that dissolution is favored when there will be an increase in entropy as a result of that, that is; if more particles will appear. Now we know that ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.

Given the equation above, it then follows that the free energy is always negative and the dissolution is feasible when enthalpy is negative and entropy is positive. Option A

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The abiotic factors that influence dissolved oxygen include temperature, salinity, and sunlight.

What is an abiotic factor?

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When 15.5 g of iron (Fe) is reacted with an excess of chlorine gas, it will produce approximately 44.97 g of iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) based on the balanced equation.

To balance the equation, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides. In the unbalanced equation:

Fe(s) + Cl₂ (g) → FeCl₃ (s)

We have one iron atom on the left side and one iron atom on the right side. So, the iron is already balanced. However, we have two chlorine atoms on the left side and three chlorine atoms on the right side. To balance the chlorine, we need to place a coefficient of 3 in front of the Cl₂ on the left side:

Fe(s) + 3Cl₂ (g) → FeCl₃ (s)

Now that the equation is balanced, we can calculate the number of grams of iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃) formed when 15.5 g of iron (Fe) reacts. From the balanced equation, we can see that the molar ratio between iron and iron(III) chloride is 1:1. Therefore, the molar mass of iron(III) chloride is relevant for this calculation.

The molar mass of Fe is approximately 55.845 g/mol, and the molar mass of FeCl₃ is approximately 162.204 g/mol (55.845 g/mol for Fe + 3 * 35.453 g/mol for Cl). We can use these molar masses to convert the mass of iron to moles and then calculate the mass of iron(III) chloride produced.

Number of moles of Fe = 15.5 g / 55.845 g/mol = 0.2776 mol

Since the molar ratio between Fe and FeCl₃ is 1:1, the number of moles of FeCl₃ produced is also 0.2776 mol.

Mass of FeCl₃ = 0.2776 mol * 162.204 g/mol = 44.97 g

Therefore, 15.5 g of iron will result in approximately 44.97 g of iron(III) chloride when reacted with an excess of chlorine gas.

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If a 10.0 g sample of cobalt -60 is left alone 0.63 g will be left after 21.2 years the half-life of cobaltt-60 is 5.3 years.

The term half life period is defined as the time required by a radioactive substance to transform into a different substance.

Given :

T = half life of cobalt-60

= 5.3 years

λ = decay constant for cobalt-60 = ?

decay constant is given as follows

λ = 0.693 / T

Substituting the given values

λ = 0.693/5.3

= 0.131

N₀ = initial amount of cobalt-60

= 10 g

t = time of decay

= 21.2 years

N = final amount of cobalt-60 after time "t"

final amount of cobalt-60 after time "t" is given as

N = N₀

Substituting given values

N = 10

N = 10 x 0.0622 g

N = 0.63 g

Thus, if a 10.0 g sample of cobalt -60 is left alone 0.63 g will be left after 21.2 years the half-life of cobaltt-60 is 5.3 years.

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The products of the reactants with the balanced chemical equation are:

3 Ca + 2 HCl → 3 CaCl₂ + H₂.

A chemical equation involves reactants, products produced, and an arrow to show the direction of the reaction.

The chemical equation of the reaction in which the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation is known as a balanced chemical equation.

The law of conservation of matter needed to be obeyed by a chemical equation. The total mass of all elements on the reactant side will be equal to the total mass of all elements on the product side in the balanced chemical equation.

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The formula in Excel to verify the lowest value of your data range, is with the MIN function.

Its syntax is as follows: MIN (number1, [number2], ...) number1, [number2], ... is the series of values from which you want to obtain a minimum.

The MIN function can be used to find the smallest value in a column or in a group of cells. This function is especially useful for finding the minimum value in a data set that contains numeric values. Additionally, it can also be used to find the minimum of other types of values such as dates, times, and text.

The MIN function can be used to find the minimum value in a column as well as in a row. This means that it can be used to find the minimum value in an entire data table. It is also possible to find the minimum value in a specific subquery.

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It is true that brittleness is a physical property that differs from one kind of material to another.

Physical qualities of a substance are those that can be seen without changing the substance's identity.

If a material splits under stress with low elastic deformation and little to no substantial plastic deformation, it is considered brittle.

Brittleness is a physical property as it alters the shape of the substance but not the identity of substance.

For example - the brittleness of chalk is different than the brittleness of glass. Thus we can say that the brittleness of chalk's material is different than the  brittleness of glass's material.

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The values of each type of energy the object has the child has both KE and GPE.

Energy is the capacity to do work or cause change. It is the ability to cause motion, create light and heat, and cause chemical reactions. Energy exists in many forms, such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical, kinetic, and potential, and can be converted from one form to another. It is a fundamental part of physical and chemical processes, as well as biological processes.

Kinetic Energy (KE):
KE = 0.5•m•v2
KE = 0.5•15kg•(3m/s)2
KE = 22.5 J
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE):
GPE = m•g•h
GPE = 15kg•9.8m/s2•2.5m
GPE = 367.5 J
Therefore, the child has both KE and GPE.

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The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture is the concentration.

Substances move from high concentration to low concentration.

The amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture is known as the concentration of that substance.

The amount of solute in a specific amount of solution is how concentrated a material is.

The concentration of a substance can be expressed as molar concentration or mass concentration.

Molarity, or the number of moles of solute in one liter of solution, is the standard unit of concentration expression.

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An ozone molecule which contains one single bond and one double bond. This statement best describes an  [tex]O_{3}[/tex] molecule.

Ozone molecule is a special oxygen molecule with having three oxygen atoms. It is referred as [tex]O_{3}[/tex]. The shape of the molecule is bent or linear. The electron non-bonding domain takes up a space, making the molecule bent. Ozone molecules are less stable than  molecules. Ozone has a resonance structure and the average bond is 1.5. Bond order will provides the number of bonds which is present in a given molecule. The steric hindrance inhibits it from forming a triangular structure, with each  atom forming a predictable bonds.

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Based on the given scenario, the rate of increase in water pressure in atm/km is known to be 992 atm/km.

Pressure is known to be that kind of force that is known to often pushes water via pipes.

Note that Water pressure is a tool that is often used to know or identify the flow of water from any given tap. The amount of pressure at one's tap is said to be often dependent on how high the service tank or water tower is above one's home.

Therefore since 1 atm/m  = 1000 atm/km

Hence 0.992 atm/m  :

           = 0.992 x 1000

          = 992 atm/km.

Therefore, Based on the given scenario, the rate of increase in water pressure in atm/km is known to be 992 atm/km.

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The number of mole of Ag formed from the reaction of 8.0 moles of AgNO₃ and 5.0 moles of Zn, given the chemical reaction is 8 moles

To know the number of mole of Ag formed, we'll begin by obtaining the limiting reactant. Details below:

2AgNO₃ + Zn -> 2Ag + Zn(NO₃)₂

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of AgNO₃ reacted with 1 mole of Zn

Therefore,

8 moles of AgNO₃ will react with = (8 × 1) / 2 = 4 moles of Zn

From the above calculation, 8 moles of AgNO₃ requires only 4 moles out of 5 moles of Zn given. Thus, AgNO₃ is the limiting reactant

Finally, we shall determine the number of moles of Ag formed. This is shown below:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles of AgNO₃ reacted to produce 2 moles of Ag

Therefore,

8 moles of AgNO₃ will also react to produce 8 moles of Ag

In conclusion, we can say that the number of mole of Ag formed is 8 moles

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The main distinction between composition and reaction stoichiometry is that while reaction stoichiometry relates to the number of compounds consumed or created during a chemical reaction, composition stoichiometry refers to the atomic makeup of a chemical compound.

The formulation is frequently referred to as a composition. Formulas are merely combinations of molecules that will combine to make plastics like polyesters, polyurethanes, and epoxies, among others.

The ratio of the reactive groups in the base resin to those in the hardeners is known as reaction stoichiometry. Each component resin and hardener reactive]'s equivalent weight is used to express this.

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The mass of manganese dioxide produced from one mole or 18 g of water is 174 g. Then, MnO₂ produced from 445 gram of H₂O is 4300 g.

Permanganate MnO₄ is an ion from potassium permanganate. It is an oxidizing agent.  MnO₄  easily reduces to MnO₂. As per the given reaction, 18 g is required by one mole or 174 g of MnO₂.

Molar mass of MnO₂ = 87 g/mol

molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

mass of 2 moles of MnO₂ = 174 g

Thus, 18 g of water gives 174 g of MnO₂.

Mass of MnO₂ produced from 445 g of  water = (445 × 174)/18 = 4300 g

Therefore, the mass of MnO₂ produced is 4300 g.

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Answer:

0.248 moles of aluminum (Al) are reacted to produce 23.7 grams of copper.

The structure of 1,5-dichloro-3-hexyme consists a six-carbon atom long chain with a triple bond at the third carbon and two chlorine (Cl) atoms attached at the first and fifth carbon positions.

Alkynes are classified into two types. The first has a triple bond at the ends of the carbon chain and is known as a terminal alkyne, while the second has a triple bond somewhere inside the longest carbon chain and is known as internal alkyne.

In the structure of 1,5-dichloro-3-hexyme, the term "3-hexyme" refers to an alkyne with a triple bond between the third and fourth carbon atoms in the longest chain, and "1,5-dichloro" refers to the presence of two chlorine atoms at the first and fifth carbons.

The skeletal structure of 1,5-dichloro-3-hexyne is shown below.

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The volume of water that must be add is 20 mL. Volume of water that must add is new volume after dilution minus initial volume.

As per data given:

Initial volume (V1) = 40 mL = 0.040 L

Initial molarity(C1) = 9.0 M

New molarity (C2)= 6.0 M

As we want to know to the new volume of water(V2). We have to use dilution formula where the formula is C1 x V1 = C2 x V2. So, the calculation would be:

9.0 x 0.040 = 6.0 x V2

V2 = 0.06 L

V2 = 60 mL

Since the addition water is the difference between V2 and V1:

Volume add = V2 -V1

Volume add = 60 - 40

Volume add = 20 mL

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The additional information that needed to convert empirical formula calculation into molecular formula are percentage of the elements in the compound; molar mass; and molecular mass.

The empirical formula is the chemical formula of a compound which inform the proportions or rations of the elements present in the compound but it is not represent the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms. In short, empirical formula is the smallest possible number that element present in the formula. Empiric formula can be use to determine the molecular formula calculation because it is contain an information about number of atom of each element present in the formula.

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The difference between those two is there is  a mol or mass ratios of the element in the composition and moll or mass ratio of compounds in the reaction at balanced equations.

Stoichiometry is an event of chemistry that happen using relationships between products and/or reactants in a certain chemical reaction to find out desired quantitative data. The word of stoichiometry based on Greek language, in Greek, "stoikhein" has a meaning "element" and "μέτρον" read as "metron" means "measure", so, based on its word definition, stoichiometry is a quantify of element.

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The digestive tract called gastrointestinal tract..

The digestive tract is a channel that receives food, then digests and absorbs the food nutrients through parts of the organs in the digestive system. The food that has been digested and absorbed is then expelled through the anus.

The digestive tract consists of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. That is why this tract is called the gastrointestinal tract because it extends from the mouth to the anus. There are two digestive processes in the digestive tract, namely mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion is digestion that breaks down large foods into small ones through the digestive organs. While chemical digestion is the digestion of complex organic molecular materials into simple ones with the help of enzymes.

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The sum of two or more other vectors is called the resultant.

The magnitude of the resulting vector is defined as the sum of two or more vectors (length).

A single vector that has the same effect as multiple additional vectors added together is referred to as a resultant vector.

The resultant vector formula can be used to get the resultant value of two or more vectors. This is done by computing the vectors according to how they are oriented in relation to one another. The resulting vector formula has numerous applications in science and engineering. This is demonstrated by showing how various force vectors interact with a body and then using this formula to determine the final vector.

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A  bond issue consists of a number of bonds, usually in denominations of  $1,000 and $5,000.

The term bond refers to a sort of investment in which an individual loans  money to the government or sometimes to the government in return for an interest on the investment. This interest is paid to the individual regularly as a return on his/ her investment.

Hence a bond issue consists of a number of bonds, usually in denominations of  $1,000 and $5,000.

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Missing parts;

Bonds are securities that can be readily bought and sold. A bond issue consists of a number of bonds, usually in denominations of ______ or _____ and is sold to many different lenders.

Multiple choice question.

$100; $1,000

$1,000; $10,000

$500; $5,000

$1,000; $5,000

The hydroxide ion concentration in the solution is 1.788 × 10⁻¹¹ M. The amount of any ion present in a solution is typically represented in moles per liter as ionic concentration.

An indicator of an environment's ion concentration is an environment's ionic strength. Ions are formed from ionic chemicals when they dissolve in water. Significant aspects like the dissociation constant or the solubility of various salts will be impacted by the total concentration of electrolytes in the solution. Normal brain processes depend on the maintenance of ion concentration homeostasis, and variations in this state can cause a variety of pathological disorders, including seizures.

The equation to calculate pOH of the solution is

pOH = - log[OH⁻]

Given:

pOH = 10.75

Hence, 10.75 = - log[OH⁻]

[OH⁻] = [tex]10^{-10.75}[/tex] = 1.788 × 10⁻¹¹ M

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The complete question is:

The pOH of a solution is 10.75. What is the concentration of OH ions in the solution?

Use [OH-10 POH

3.162 x 10-108 M

1.778 x 10-11 M

1.075 x 102 M

5.623 x 1010 M

Answer:

The net force is zero

Explanation:

Newton's Third law states that every action/ force has an equal but opposite  reaction, if the car pushing on the ground, the ground is pushing on the car.

Acetone, (CH3)2CO, has 3 sp3 hybridized carbon atoms and 1 sp2 hybridized oxygen atom, according to VSEPR theory. The carbon atoms are tetrahedral and oxygen atom is trigonal planar in shape.

i) Using VSEPR theory, we can predict the arrangement of electron pairs around the atoms in a molecule. The Lewis structure of acetone shows that the carbon atoms have four electron pairs around them (two from the single bonds and two from the double bond) and the oxygen atom has two electron pairs around it.

The carbon atoms are all sp3 hybridized, and the oxygen atom is sp2 hybridized.

ii) The three carbon atoms in acetone each have four electron pairs around them, which means they are tetrahedral in shape. Therefore, they are all sp3 hybridized. The oxygen atom has two single bonds and one double bond around it, which means it is trigonal planar in shape. Therefore, it is sp2 hybridized.

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The five elements of chemical change include colour change, precipitate or gas formation, odour change, temperature change, and gas or precipitate formation.

When choosing an indicator for acid-base titrations, pick one whose pH range is compatible with the reaction's pH change. As an illustration, the pH quickly rises from 3 to 11 when a strong acid and base are titrated.

Chemical indicator: Any substance that can be used to detect the presence or absence of a chemical species at a threshold concentration in a solution, such as an acid or an alkali, usually by changing colour. Methyl yellow is a good illustration of this.

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Shorter service life is the limitation to battery system.

Engineers created a new type of battery that weaves two promising battery sub-fields into a single battery.

The battery utilizes both a solid-state electrolyte and an all-silicon anode, manufacturing it a silicon-all-solid-state battery. Lithium-metal, a solid-state battery that is far more well organized than lithium-ion batteries.

Shorter service life is the limitation to battery system. While a flywheel storage device has the same service life as the UPS, batteries generally need to be replaced many times over the same period of time.

New battery technology breakthrough is event rapidly. Advanced new batteries are directly being developed, with some already on the market. The latest generation of grid-scale repository batteries have a higher capacity, a higher efficiency, and are longer lasting life.

So we can conclude that The recent strong progress in the evolution of lithium-ion batteries.

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Based on the equation of the reaction;

a) The oxidation states of each of the atoms in the compounds are given below:

(b) The atom that gets oxidized is Pb and the atom that gets reduced is Pb in PbO₂

(c) The reactant that is the oxidizing agent is PbO₂ and the reactant that is the reducing agent is Pb.

An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons from another substance in a redox reaction whereas, a reducing agent is a substance that causes reduction by losing electrons to another substance in a redox reaction,

In redox reactions, oxidizing agents are reduced while the reducing agents are oxidized.

A gain or loss of electrons results in a change in the oxidation states of elements.

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Answer: Mg(NO₃)₂ * 6 H₂O

Explanation:

The mass in grams of 0.700 moles of water (H₂O) = 12.6g/mol (option C)

The mass of a chemical in a mole is known as its molar mass.

It is the total atomic mass of every element that is present in that molecule. The molar mass unit is g/mol.

Determine the molar mass of the water(H₂O):

Molar masses of 1 g/mol of hydrogen and 16 g/mol of oxygen make up a mole.

The chemical formula for water is H₂O.

The water's molar mass is thus:

H₂O = (2 x 1) + 16

= 18 g/mol

Moles of water = 0.700

The molar water (H₂O) mass = 18 g/mol

Object's mass is determined by:

m = (moles of the sample) x (molar mass of the compound)

So, mass of the water (H₂O):

= (0.700) x (18)

= 12.6 g/mol

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