The amount of energy required to vaporize 13.1 kg of lead at its normal boiling point is approximately 6.32 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] joules.
To calculate the energy required to vaporize a substance, we need to use the equation Q = m * ΔHvap, where Q represents the energy, m is the mass, and ΔHvap is the heat of vaporization. The heat of vaporization for lead is 177 kJ/kg, or 177,000 J/kg.
First, we convert the mass from kilograms to grams:
13.1 kg * 1000 g/kg = 13,100 g
Next, we calculate the energy required using the formula:
Q = 13,100 g * 177,000 J/g
Multiplying these values, we find that the energy required to vaporize 13.1 kg of lead is:
Q = 2,313,700,000 J
Rounded to the appropriate significant figures, the result is approximately 6.32 x 10^{6} joules. Therefore, the amount of energy required to vaporize 13.1 kg of lead at its normal boiling point is approximately 6.32 x[tex]10^{6}[/tex] joules.
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1. Explain why halogens are rarely found in native state?
Halogens are rarely found in native state because halogens are highly reactive.
What is Halogens ?The group 17 elements are known as Halogen group. These elements include Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine. Halogens react with metals to form salts. Halogens are non metals. Halogens are highly reactive and halogens are never found in pure form. Halogens not occur in free state.
How many valence electron are present in Halogens ?Halogens have seven valence electrons in the outermost shell. The electronic configuration of Halogen is ns² np⁵.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Halogens are rarely found in native state because halogens are highly reactive.
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Answer:
What is your question?
Explanation:
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Answer:
Stan TXT
Explanation:
because they are amazing
In which form are water molecules most closely bonded to each other?
Answer:
In solid
Explanation:
As a solid has very tightly packed molecules which move very difficulty and only vibrate
The study of the structure of matter and the composition of substance, their properties, and their chemical reactions is called:
Answer: chemistry
Explanation: see definition on wikipedia.
PLEASE HELP THANKSS-
How does a heterogeneous mixture differ from a homogeneous mixture? How are they similar?
A homogenous mixture has uniformly dispersed components while a heterogeneous mixture does not.
Homogenous vs heterogeneous mixturesFirst of all, both homogenous and heterogenous mixtures consist of 2 or more non-reacting chemical components.
In homogenous mixtures, the chemical components are uniformly dispersed throughout the entire mixture.
In heterogeneous mixtures, the reverse is the case. The components are not uniformly dispersed. They are skewed to a particular side.
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How does the phase diagram of a substance illustrate the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of molecules
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance.
What is a Phase diagram ?These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature, and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points).
At low temperatures, most substances are solid; as the temperature increases, they become liquid; at higher temperatures still, they become gaseous.The phase change between a liquid and a gas has some similarities to the phase change between a solid and a liquid.Learn more about Phase diagram here:
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Calculate the pH if the [H^+] = 9.71 ×
10^-8
Answer:
pH = 7.01
Explanation:
The pH can be calculated using the formula:
pH = -log[H⁺]
In this formula, [H⁺] represents the concentration of H⁺. Since you have been given this value, you can easily find the pH.
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log[9.71 x 10⁻⁸]
pH = 7.01
Nal+ Pb(SO4)2
→> products and reaction type
The reaction is based on law of conservation of mass.
The balanced chemical equation is
[tex]$4 \mathrm{NaI}+\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{SO}_{4}\right)_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{PbI}_{4}+2 \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}$[/tex]
What is law of conservation of mass?Every balanced chemical equation follows the direction of conservation of mass. This law states that mass can neither be completed nor can be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one condition to another form. This law likewise states that the total number of individual atoms on the reactant side must be comparable to the total number of individual atoms on the product side.
The Law of Conservation of Mass holds because naturally occurring elements are stable under the conditions located on the surface of the Earth. Most elements come from fusion reactions found only in stars or supernovae. Consequently, in the ordinary world of Earth, from the peak of the highest mountain to the depths of the deepest ocean, atoms are not transformed into other elements during chemical reactions. Because of this, individual atoms that make up living and nonliving subjects are very old and each atom have a history. An individual atom of a biologically essential element, such as carbon, may have expended 65 million years buried as coal before standing burned in a control plant, followed by two decades in Earth's environment before being disbanded in the ocean,To learn more about law of conservation of mass, refer:
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why is fruit cake a heterogeneous mixture ??
PLLLEEEAAASEEEE ANSWER QUICK. WHOEVER IS FAST AND RIGHT GETS BRAINLY
What can be done to double the power output of an object?
Neither of these
Both of these
Take half the time to do the work
Double the work done by the object
What amino acid is formed using the n-phthalimidomalonic ester synthesis when the following alkyl halides are used in the third step?.
Threre are two amino acid is formed using the n-phthalimidomalonic ester synthesis when the following alkyl halides are used in the third step -
a. leucine
b. methionine
What is Gabriel malonic ester synthesis?
A reaction that enables us to generate amino acids is the Gabriel synthesis, also referred to as the Gabriel malonic ester synthesis. We can convert primary alkyl halides into primary amines using this procedure. Remember that 19 of the 20 amino acids are actually primary amines.Who should not take methionine?
Supplemental methionine shouldn't be used by people with the genetic condition homocystinuria type I. Methionine can become more homocysteine if you take methionine supplements without getting enough folic acid, vitamin B-6, or vitamin B-12. Your risk of heart disease could rise as a result.What does leucine do in the body?
Leucine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis. Additionally, similarly to other amino acids, the carbon skeleton of leucine can be used to generate ATP. However, leucine can also regulate several cellular processes such as protein synthesis, tissue regeneration, and metabolism.Learn more about Gabriel malonic ester synthesis
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The complete question is -
What amino acid is formed using the N-phthalimidomalonic ester synthesis when the following alkyl halides are used in the third step?
a. Ch3Ch(Ch3)Ch2-Br
b. Ch3SCh2Ch2-Br
Cabbage juice indicator solutions can show pH values from acidic to basic.
Which color represents the most basic solution?
Which color represents the most acidic solution?
Which color represents a neutral solution?
More acid solution has red colour, more basic solution has purple colour whereas neutral solution has green colour.
Which color represents the most acidic solution?As the solution becomes more acidic, the color of the solution changes from green toward red.
Which color represents the most basic solution?As the solution becomes more basic, the color changes of the solution from green toward purple.
Which color represents a neutral solution?Green color of the solution represents a neutral solution having pH 7.
So we can conclude that More acid solution has red colour, more basic solution has purple colour whereas neutral solution has green colour.
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What are the spectator ions when k2s and mgcl2 are combines
The spectator ions of when k2s and mgcl2 are combined are 1. Cl- (aq) and 2. K (aq)
the balance equation of MgCl2 and K2S is as follows:
MgCl2(aq) + K2S(aq) ------> MgS(s) + 2KCl(aq)
the net ionic equation is as follows:
Mg 2+ (aq) + 2 Cl- (aq) + 2K (aq) + S 2- (aq) = MgS(s) +2 Cl- (aq) + 2K (aq)
The overall reaction is as follows:
Mg 2+ (aq) + S 2- (aq) = MgS(s)
Thus the spectator ions are the following:
Cl- (aq)
K (aq)
If we compare the solutions before and after the reaction, sodium and nitrate ions are present in both the solutions. They do not undergo any chemical exchange at all. These ions are called spectator ions since they don't participate in the chemical reaction at all (they simply "watch").
Compare the reactant and product sides of the rewritten reaction and cross out the spectator ions. Any dissolved ions that appear in the same form on both sides are spectator ions.
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A boy of mass 60 kg and a girl of mass 40 kg are together and at rest on a frozen pond and push each other apart. The girl moves in a negative direction with a speed of 3 m/s. What must be the total final momentum of the boy and girl combined?
A. 120 kgm/s
B. -100 kgm/s
C. 0 kgm/s
D. -120 kgm/s
The aggregate ultimate momentum of the boy and girl must be 0 kgm/s (option C).
Conservation of momentum:
According to the principle of momentum conservation, momentum is only modified by the forces acting as they are outlined by Newton's equations of motion; momentum is never generated nor destroyed inside a problem domain.
Example- A bullet leaves the pistol when it is fired and picks up speed. The gun recoils to maintain the system's motion. After the pistol is discharged, the total momentum of the pistol and the bullet will be zero in accordance with the law of conservation of momentum.What is Momentum?
A characteristic of a moving body that it possesses due to its mass and motion and is equal to the sum of its mass and speed.
Therefore, according to the momentum conservation law, it can be concluded that the aggregate end momentum of the boy and girl must be 0 kgm/s (option C).
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Treatment of DCS may involve: Select one: In-water recompression. Administration of pure oxygen. Recompression in a hyperbaric chamber. Both the second and third answers are correct.
Treatment of DCS may involve Recompression in a hyperbaric chamber.
Hence, Option (3) is correct answer.
What is DCS ?DCS is Decompression Sickness which is followed by recompression in a hyperbaric chamber. They prevent long term effects. It is also known as generalized barotrauma. It occur mostly in Scuba divers.
What are the Sign and Symptoms of DCS ?The sign and symptoms of DCS are
Skin itchShortness of breathA blotchy rashPain in joints or armDizzinessThus from the above conclusion we can say that Treatment of DCS may involve Recompression in a hyperbaric chamber.
Hence, Option (3) is correct answer.
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Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of sugar using the Benedict's test
Answer:
my best answer is blue
Explanation:
Half-life expressions can be derived from?
Different half-life expressions can be chemically derived from integrated rate laws.
What are integrated rate laws?In chemistry, the expression 'integrated rate laws' makes reference to the integration of different rate laws.
The constant rate refers to the specific amount of a given substrate or reactant that is used in a chemical reaction to produce a specific amount of product during such reactions.
The constant rate is very useful to determine the time required to generate a given amount of a product in a given chemical reaction (expressed per unit of time).
In conclusion, different half-life expressions can be chemically derived from integrated rate laws.
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Briefly explain how a titration experiment can be used to determine the concentration of a strong acid or strong base solution?
Answer:During an acid-base titration, an acid with a known concentration is slowly added to a base with an unknown concentration (or vice versa). A few drops of indicator solution are added to the base. The indicator will signal, by color change, when the base has been neutralizedExplanation:
please help me with this questio
The mass of the precipitate is 8.74 g and the concentration of the calcium nitrate is 0.061 M.
What mass of precipitate is formed?The reaction is given by; 2AgNO3(aq) + CaCl2 (aq) ------>2AgCl(s) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
Number of moles of AgNO3 = 195/1000 * 0.500 = 0.0975 moles
Number of moles of CaCl2 = 305/1000 * 0.100 = 0.0305 moles
If 2 moles of AgNO3 reacts with 1 mole of CaCl2
0.0975 moles reacts with 0.0975 moles * 1 mole / 2 moles = 0.04875 moles
Thus CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.
1 mole of CaCl2 produces 2moles of AgCl
0.0305 moles produces 0.0305 moles * 2 moles/ 1mole
= 0.061 moles
Mass of precipitate = 0.061 moles * 143.32 g/mol
= 8.74 g
Now 1 mole of CaCl2 produces 1 mole of Ca(NO3)2
Total volume of solution = 195 ml + 305 ml = 500 ml or 0.5 L
Concentration of Ca(NO3)2 = 0.0305 moles/ 0.5 L
= 0.061 M
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The following is the reaction showing the complete neutralization of calcium hydroxide (a base) with phosphoric acid:
3Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2H3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 6H2O(ℓ)
A stock solution of calcium hydroxide (base) is made by dissolving 3.51 grams of it into some water and the volume is brought to 750 mL. A 50.0 mL portion of that stock solution is then titrated with a solution of 0.229 M phosphoric acid. How many milliliters (mL) of the acid are needed to completely neutralize the base in this reaction? (tolerance is ±0.1 mL)
9.17 milliliters (mL) of the acid are needed to completely neutralize the base in this reaction.
What is a neutralization reactionA neutralization reaction is a reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water only.
The process of reacting given volume of acids or bases to determine the concentration or volume of either the acid or base required for neutralization is known as titration in volumetric analysis.
The formula to determine the volume of the acid required is given below:
[tex]\frac{C_{a}V_{a}}{C_{b}V_{b}} = \frac {N_{a}}{N_{b}}[/tex]
where [tex]V_{a[/tex] is the volume of acid required
[tex]V_{a} = \frac {C_{b}V_{b}N_{a}}{C_{a}N_{b}}[/tex]
Concentration of base, Cb = (3.51/74)/0.75 = 0.063 M
Vb = 50. 0 mL
Ca = 0.229 M
Na = 2
Nb = 3
Va = (0.063 * 50 * 2)/(0.229 * 3)
Va = 9.17 mL
In conclusion, the volume of the acid is determined from the concentration, volume and mole ratio of the reaction.
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Which of these is the byproduct of fuel combustion that may result in death if such combustion equipment is not properly vented.
a. radon
b. lead
c. oxygen
d. carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is the byproduct of fuel combustion that may result in death if such combustion equipment is not properly vented and is denoted as option D.
What is Carbon monoxide?This is a compound which is derived from the combustion of carbon in insufficient supply of oxygen. Carbon monoxide when inhaled replaces the oxygen content in the body which is dangerous because oxygen is needed for the survival of the cells of the body.
The carbon monoxide is usually formed when there is no properly vent thereby resulting in insufficient supply of air. This therefore results in its presence in the body results in the death of cells of the body system.
This is therefore the reason why carbon monoxide was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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A measure of peak separation in a chromatographic method that equals the difference in retention time for two components divided by the average of their peak widths is the definition of
A measure of peak separation in a chromatographic method that equals the difference in retention time for two components divided by the average of their peak widths is the definition of resolution.
Retention time can be referred to as the amount of time a solute spends in the stationary and mobile phases of a column.
The analyte's interaction with the stationary phase determines the longer retention period.
The duration of retention will increase as the interaction becomes more strong.
Resolution is defined as the peak separation in a chromatographic procedure that is equal to the difference in retention time for two components divided by the average of their peak widths.
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Which compound is not required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-coa?
The compound that is not required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA is ATP.
What is oxidative decarboxylation?The chemical process of oxidative decarboxylation is an oxidative process where carboxylate groups are eliminated to form CO2.
The process of oxidative decarboxylation is associated with cellular respiration, which generates ATP as a product (instead of reactant).
In conclusion, the compound that is not required for the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA is ATP.
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When testing the temperature of catalase, what would happen if you changed the temperature using the same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture?.
If we change the temperature using same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture, the hydrogen peroxide will break into oxygen and water molecule.
What is catalase?It is an enzyme which catalyses the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
Its function is to protect the oxidative damage by ROS
ROS is reactive Oxygen Species.
What is an enzyme?Enzymes are made of proteins which catalyses the biological reaction.
Effect of temperature on catalase:Increase of temperature results in the loosening of hydrogen bond and helps the catalase to decompose hydrogen peroxide.
The change in temperature using same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture, the hydrogen peroxide will break into oxygen and water molecule.
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Assume there is an equal mass of each gas at a given temperature and pressure. Arrange the following gases based on the amount of volume they occupy, from the largest to the smallest volume.
At a given temperature and pressure, the arrangement of gases based on the amount of volume they occupy, from the largest to the smallest volume is CH[tex]_{4}[/tex] < NH[tex]_{3}[/tex] < Ar < SO₂ < Cl₂ .
According to Avogadro's law, all gases with an identical volume and the same temperature and pressure have an equal number of molecules.
If the temperature and pressure are constant, the volume and amount (in moles) of an ideal gas for a given mass are directly proportional.
The volume of gas ∝ No. of moles of gas
It means that the more the no. of moles of gas, the greater will be the volume of gas.
Now, No. of moles = Given mass/ Molar mass
Given,
There is an equal mass of each gas at a given temperature and pressure.
So,
No. of moles is inversely proportional to the Molar mass of the gas.
Therefore we can conclude that the less the molar mass of gas, the more will be the no. of moles and the higher will be the volume of that gas.
The gas with the least molar mass will occupy the highest volume.
The molar mass of [tex]CH_{4}[/tex] = 16g/mol
The molar mass of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] = 17g/mol
The molar mass of [tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] = 70g/mol
The molar mass of Ar = 40g/mol
The molar mass of [tex]SO_{2}[/tex] = 64g/mol
Arrangement of gases on basis of molar mass
Cl₂ < SO₂ < Ar < [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] < [tex]CH_{4}[/tex]
So Arrangement on basis of decreasing volume
[tex]CH_{4} < NH_{3} < Ar < SO_{2} < Cl_{2}[/tex]
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Identify all resonance forms of the enolate formed, and indicate whether or not a substantial amount of starting ketone will be present together with the enolate at equilibrium. (select all that apply)
At equilibrium, a significant quantity of starting ketone will be present with the enolate in the first case.
What is ketone?Ketones are substances produced by the liver. It is formed when there is insufficient insulin in the body to turn sugar into energy.
What happens in scenario two where the formation of possible enolate ions from the cyclohexan-1, 4-di.ketone by abstraction of acidic proton by suing sodium ethoxide base occurs?In this case a substantial amount of ketone will exist along side the enolate at equilibrium.
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________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.
Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bonds within and around large molecules.
The hydrogen bond is weak bond.The hydrogen bond is electrostatic force of attraction between hydrogen atom and more electronegative atoms or group ( like Florine , oxygen or nitrogen) which is contently bonded.The hydrogen bond is occur in polar , contently bond atoms in different molecules.Example is H-O-H or [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]The positively charged hydrogen side of one water molecule is bond with negatively charged oxygen side of another molecule.learn about Hydrogen bond
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A teacher divides her class into four groups. She assigns
each group the task of measuring the temperature of a
given object three times. The teacher already knows that
the temperature of the object is 31°C.
Based on each group's results, which group makes the most precise
measurements of the object's temperature?
A. Group A: 31.0°C, 32.0°C, 30.0°C
B. Group B: 29.5°C, 33.0°C, 31.8°C
C. Group C: 32.1°C, 31.9°C, 31.8°C
D. Group D: 29.0°C, 35.0°C, 32.0°C
The group that makes the most precise measurements of the object's temperature is Group C : 32.1°C, 31.9°C, 31.8°C. That is option C.
What is a precise measurement?Precise measurement are those values that are gotten during a measurement which when compared are closest to the given constant value.
Precision refers to a value in decimal numbers after the whole number, and it does not relate with accuracy.
From the measurement gotten from the different groups, the results that are precise are the results of group C.
This is so because,
32.1-31 = 1.131.9-31 = 0.931.8- 31 = 0.8All the values gotten are in decimals as stated above. Therefore, the group that makes the most precise measurements of the object's temperature is Group C.
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93.4 g of a metal is heated to 85.0 C in a hot water bath, then dropped into a calorimeter containing 342 ml of water
The specific heat capacity of the metal is determined as 0.76 J/g⁰C.
Mass of the watermass = density x volume
mass = 342 ml x 1 g/ml = 342 g
Specific heat capacity of the metalApply the law of conservation of energy;
Heat lost by the metal = Heat gained by the calorimeter + heat gained by water
(93.4)(85 - 29.3)c = (8.29)(29.3) + (342)(4.186)(29.3 - 26.7)
5,202.38c = 3,965.088
c = 3,965.088/5,202.38
c = 0.76 J/g⁰C
Thus, the specific heat capacity of the metal is determined as 0.76 J/g⁰C.
The complete question is below;
93.4 g of a metal is heated to 85.0 C in a hot water bath, then dropped into a calorimeter containing 342 ml of water (d 1.00 g/mL) at 26.7 . The equilibrium temperature was found to be 29.3 C. Calculate the specific heat of the metal with proper units. (C.cal 8.29 J/c)
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Which law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to the moles of the gas when pressure and temperature are kept constant?
Boyle’s law
Dalton’s law
Charles’s law
Avogadro’s law
The law that states that the volume of a gas is proportional to the moles of the gas when pressure and temperature are kept constant is Avogadro’s law. That is option D.
What is Avogadro’s law?Avogadro’s law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to the moles of the gas when pressure and temperature are kept constant.
Mathematically the Avogadro’s law can be represented by the following:
V1/n1= V2/n1
Where,
V1 = first volume
n1 = first amount of gas
V2 = second volume
n2 = second amount of gas
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Answer:D
Explanation:Trust me bro