Here are internal control procedures that would help reduce the mentioned risks in a manual system:
a. The purchasing department may not be notified when goods need to be purchased.
b. Accounts payable may not be updated for items received.
- Require that the receiving department complete a receiving report for all goods received, and that a copy of the report is forwarded to accounts payable.
c. Purchase orders may be prepared based on unauthorized requisitions.
- Require that the appropriate manager approve each purchase requisition by signing the requisition form.
d. Receiving clerks may steal purchased goods.
- Implement good physical security measures such as security cameras and ensure good supervision of receiving employees. Using a "blind" purchase order (PO) at receiving may also help, as constant shortages when goods are stolen are more likely to be noticed.
e. Payments may be made for items not received.
- Require a three-way match of the purchase order, receiving report, and invoice before a payment can be approved.
f. Amounts paid may be applied to the wrong vendor account.
- Although this risk is difficult to completely eliminate, regular reconciliation of subsidiary ledgers to the accounts payable account may help uncover discrepancies. Additionally, monitoring payments to vendors that exceed the amounts owed can help identify errors.
g. Payments may be made for items previously returned.
- Require that a debit memorandum be completed for any goods returned, and that a copy of it be forwarded to accounts payable to update the balance owed.
h. Receiving clerks may accept delivery of goods in excess of quantities ordered.
- Establish clear policies on overshipments that receiving personnel can follow.
i. Duplicate payments may be issued for a single purchase transaction.
- Require that payment documentation be clearly "cancelled" or marked when payment is made.
Learn more about internal control procedures here: brainly.com/question/29845218
#SPJ11
harley davidson usa purchases $25 million in production machinery from a japanese company. this transaction would get recorded as a:
The transaction between Harley Davidson USA and the Japanese company, where Harley Davidson purchases $25 million in production machinery, would be recorded as an import of capital goods.
In accounting terms, the purchase of production machinery from a foreign company is considered an import of capital goods. This transaction involves the acquisition of a significant asset, the production machinery, which will be used in the production process by Harley Davidson USA.
The accounting entry for this transaction would involve recording an increase in the value of the production machinery as an asset on Harley Davidson's balance sheet. At the same time, there would be a corresponding decrease in the company's cash or accounts payable, reflecting the outgoing funds for the purchase.
Importing capital goods, such as machinery, is a common practice for businesses seeking to enhance their production capabilities. It allows companies like Harley Davidson to acquire specialized equipment or technology from international suppliers, often in countries where such goods are produced at a competitive price or with superior quality.
Learn more about capital goods here:
https://brainly.com/question/431300
#SPJ11
"The forty-fourth hole is the hardest to dig
from holes who said it
The quote "The forty-fourth hole is the hardest to dig" is often attributed to legendary golfer and course designer Arnold Palmer.
The phrase refers metaphorically to the clubhouse or bar at a golf course, which is sometimes referred to as the "nineteenth hole."
In this context, the forty-fourth hole is an exaggerated reference to a place where golfers gather after completing a round of golf. The quote humorously suggests that the challenge of digging the "forty-fourth hole" is related to the difficulty of enjoying a refreshing beverage and relaxing after a long day on the golf course.
Know more about Arnold Palmer here:
brainly.com/question/29584630
#SPJ11
the general goal of horizontal analysis is to identify significant trends. true or false
True. The general goal of horizontal analysis is indeed to identify significant trends.
Horizontal analysis, also known as trend analysis, is a financial analysis technique used to evaluate and compare financial data over multiple periods. Its primary objective is to identify patterns, changes, and trends in financial statements or other financial data. By analyzing data horizontally, across time periods, horizontal analysis helps to identify significant trends and shifts in key financial indicators.
Horizontal analysis involves calculating and comparing the percentage changes in specific line items or financial ratios over time. This analysis allows individuals to assess the growth or decline of these variables and understand the direction and magnitude of the changes. By identifying significant trends, stakeholders can make informed decisions, such as assessing the financial health of a company, predicting future performance, and identifying areas that require attention or improvement.
To learn more about horizontal analysis click here : brainly.com/question/29392869
#SPJ11
suppose the united states enters a recession, what type of unemployment would be most likely to rise as a result of the recession? structural unemployment frictional unemployment sectoral unemployment cyclical unemployment
When the United States enters a recession, the type of unemployment that would be most likely to rise as a result is **cyclical unemployment**.
Cyclical unemployment is caused by the overall downturn in economic activity during a recession. It occurs when there is a deficiency in aggregate demand, leading to a decrease in production and a subsequent decrease in the demand for labor. As businesses struggle and lay off workers due to reduced demand for their goods or services, individuals become unemployed due to the cyclical nature of the economic downturn.
Structural unemployment refers to a mismatch between the skills and qualifications of workers and the available job opportunities. Frictional unemployment arises from the time it takes for individuals to search for and find suitable employment. Sectoral unemployment refers to unemployment that occurs specifically within certain industries or sectors of the economy. While these types of unemployment may also be present during a recession, cyclical unemployment is directly associated with the economic downturn itself.
To learn more about unemployment
https://brainly.com/question/30403878
#SPJ11
if the economy is experiencing high rates of inflation, the fed would likely respond by
If the economy is experiencing high rates of inflation, the Fed would likely respond by implementing contractionary monetary policy measures.
Contractionary monetary policy aims to reduce inflationary pressures in the economy by decreasing the money supply and increasing interest rates. The Federal Reserve, which is responsible for monetary policy in the United States, has several tools at its disposal to achieve these objectives. One of the key tools is open market operations, where the Fed buys or sells government securities in the open market to influence the level of reserves in the banking system. By selling government securities, the Fed can reduce the money supply, leading to higher interest rates and reduced spending. Another tool is raising the discount rate, which is the interest rate at which banks can borrow funds from the central bank. When the discount rate is increased, borrowing becomes more expensive for banks, which can discourage lending and spending.
The purpose of these contractionary measures is to curb inflationary pressures. By reducing the money supply and increasing interest rates, the Fed aims to decrease aggregate demand in the economy. This can result in lower consumer spending and business investment, which in turn can help to moderate price increases and bring inflation under control. It's important to note that the specific actions taken by the Fed may vary depending on the severity and nature of the inflationary pressures. The Fed closely monitors various economic indicators and data to assess the state of the economy and make informed decisions regarding monetary policy. The goal is to maintain price stability and promote sustainable economic growth.
Learn more about business investment, here:
https://brainly.com/question/1231328
#SPJ11
A television commercial decides to use Pepsi without permission. This is an example of a: - copyright infringement - patent violation - trademark violation - licensing infringement
Using Pepsi without permission in a television commercial would be an example of a trademark violation. The answer is c. A trademark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies and distinguishes a particular product or brand from others.
Pepsi is a well-known brand, and their trademark is protected by law. Any unauthorized use of their trademark can lead to confusion among consumers and can harm the reputation of the brand. In this case, the television commercial is using Pepsi without obtaining permission from the company. This means that they are violating the trademark laws, which prohibit the use of a trademark without the owner's consent. This could lead to legal action by Pepsi, which could include damages and the cessation of the commercial.
It is important to note that trademark infringement can be unintentional, as many people may not be aware of the legal requirements for using a trademark. However, ignorance of the law is not a defense, and those who violate trademarks can still face legal consequences. It is essential to obtain permission from the trademark owner before using their trademark in any way, including in television commercials or advertising campaigns.
To know more about Trademark Violation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/16158439
#SPJ11
when delta airline provides management assistance for foreign airlines this is considered as___ a) Legal forces. b) Sociocultural forces. c) Economic forces. d) Physical forces.
When Delta Airline provides management assistance for foreign airlines, this is considered as sociocultural forces.
Sociocultural forces are the forces that are based on the culture, values, beliefs, and lifestyles of people within a society. Delta Airline providing management assistance for foreign airlines is an example of a sociocultural force because it involves the cultural exchange of knowledge and practices between two different societies. This type of assistance not only benefits the foreign airline but also fosters cultural understanding and appreciation between countries. Additionally, there may be legal forces involved in providing management assistance for foreign airlines, such as regulatory requirements or contractual obligations. However, the primary force driving this activity is sociocultural, as it involves the interaction and exchange of knowledge between different cultures. The importance of understanding the various forces that drive business activities, including sociocultural and legal forces, and how they impact the global business environment.
To know more about sociocultural forces visit:
https://brainly.com/question/8294456
#SPJ11
Delta Air Lines' provision of management assistance to foreign airlines is an example of economic forces. This is because it involves the external factors that affect the business operations of the company, including market demand, competition, and globalization.
When Delta Air Lines provides management assistance for foreign airlines, this is considered as an example of economic forces. Economic forces refer to the external factors that affect the business operations of an organization. These forces include market demand, supply and demand, competition, economic policies, exchange rates, and globalization.In this context, Delta Air Lines provides management assistance to foreign airlines in order to improve their business operations, increase their profitability, and expand their customer base. This assistance may include sharing industry knowledge and best practices, providing marketing and sales support, or offering strategic advice and guidance.By providing management assistance to foreign airlines, Delta Air Lines is able to increase its own profitability and market share. This is because it allows the company to establish partnerships and alliances with other airlines, which can result in increased revenue and reduced costs. In addition, it allows Delta Air Lines to expand its customer base and increase its brand recognition in new markets.
To know more about Delta visit:
brainly.com/question/14637351
#SPJ11
In 2020, Steven purchased a copier for his office. He paid $15,000 and elected to take bonus depreciation. His adjusted basis for depreciation in 2020 will be _____
When Steven purchased the copier for his office in 2020 and elected to take bonus depreciation, he was able to deduct a significant portion of the cost of the asset immediately.
Bonus depreciation allows businesses to deduct up to 100% of the cost of qualified property in the year it is placed in service.
Assuming that the copier qualifies for bonus depreciation, Steven's adjusted basis for depreciation in 2020 would be reduced by the amount of the bonus depreciation claimed. The amount of bonus depreciation that can be claimed depends on the type of property and the year it is placed in service, but as of 2020, it was generally 100% of the cost of qualifying property.
Therefore, if Steven's copier meets the requirements for bonus depreciation, his adjusted basis for depreciation in 2020 would be $0. This means that he would not be able to claim any additional depreciation deductions in future years, as he has already claimed the full amount of allowable depreciation in the year the asset was placed in service.
It's important to note that there are specific rules and limitations related to bonus depreciation, and businesses should consult with a tax professional to ensure they are taking advantage of all available deductions while remaining in compliance with applicable regulations.
For more such questions on Depreciation
brainly.com/question/739052
#SPJ11
data on liu inc. for the most recent year are shown below, along with the inventory conversion period (icp) of the firms against which it benchmarks. the firm's new cfo believes that the company could reduce its inventory enough to reduce its icp to the benchmarks' average. if this were done, by how much would inventories decline? use a 365-day year. cost of goods sold
Inventories would decline by [X] units if Liu Inc. reduces its inventory conversion period (ICP) to the benchmarks' average.
To calculate the decline in inventories, we need the following information:
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS): This data is missing from the provided question. Please provide the COGS value for Liu Inc. during the most recent year.
Once we have the COGS value, we can proceed with the calculation. The formula to calculate the decline in inventories is:
Inventory Decline=(COGS/ICP difference)×365
To find the ICP difference, we need the ICP for Liu Inc. and the benchmark's average ICP. Unfortunately, the question does not provide these values. Please provide the ICP for Liu Inc. and the benchmark's average ICP. With all the required data, we can calculate the decline in inventories.
To learn more about Inventories, Click here:
https://brainly.com/question/17271129
#SPJ11
manufacturing firms should typically aim at lowering the costs of value creation by _____
Manufacturing firms should typically aim at lowering the costs of value creation by streamlining their operations and reducing waste.
This can be achieved through various methods such as implementing lean manufacturing principles, optimizing the supply chain, and utilizing technology to automate and improve processes.
By doing so, firms can reduce the amount of resources and time needed to produce goods while still maintaining quality. This can result in a reduction in overall production costs, making the firm more competitive in the market and allowing them to offer products at a lower price point.
Additionally, by lowering costs, firms can increase profitability, which can be reinvested in research and development, expanding the business, or improving working conditions for employees.
However, it is important to note that cost-cutting measures should not compromise the quality of the product or the safety of employees.
Know more about "Manufacturing firms".
https://brainly.com/question/28547725
#SPJ11
What BEST describes the relationship between life responsibilities and job performance?
a.If things are going poorly in one's personal life, job performance will be high. b.If there is stress in one's personal life, one's job performance may be affected. c. If things are going well in one's personal life, things will go poorly in one's job. d.There is no relationship between one's personal life and one's job.
The relationship between life responsibilities and job performance is best described as follows: If there is stress in one's personal life, one's job performance may be affected.
Option B accurately captures the relationship between personal life responsibilities and job performance. It acknowledges that when individuals experience stress, challenges, or difficulties in their personal lives, it can potentially impact their performance in the workplace. Personal issues such as health problems, family conflicts, financial concerns, or other life responsibilities can create emotional or mental strain, affecting focus, motivation, and overall job performance.
However, it's important to note that this relationship is not absolute or universal for everyone. Different individuals may respond differently to personal challenges, and some may possess coping mechanisms or support systems that mitigate the impact on their job performance.
Visit here to learn more about financial concerns:
brainly.com/question/26499492
#SPJ11
The following information is provided for Bold Company for the year 2019: Preferred stock, 7%, $50 par value, 1,100 shares issued and outstanding Common stock, $100 par value, 2,100 shares issued and outstanding Dividends in arrears for three prior years (2016-2018) Total dividends declared and paid in 2019 were $51,000. How much of the 2019 dividend payment was paid to the common stockholders assuming the preferred stock is cumulative?
Assuming that the preferred stock is cumulative, any dividends in arrears must be paid before common stockholders can receive any dividends. Therefore, the first $23,100 ($50 x 7% x 1,100 x 3) of the $51,000 dividend payment will be paid to the preferred stockholders to cover the dividends in arrears from the past three years.
The remaining $27,900 ($51,000 - $23,100) will be paid to the common stockholders. So, the answer is that the common stockholders received $27,900 of the 2019 dividend payment, assuming the preferred stock is cumulative.
To determine how much of the 2019 dividend payment was paid to the common stockholders of Bold Company, assuming the preferred stock is cumulative, we need to first calculate the dividends owed to preferred stockholders.
1. Calculate annual preferred dividend: 7% * $50 (par value) = $3.50 per share
2. Calculate total annual preferred dividend: $3.50 * 1,100 shares = $3,850
3. Calculate dividends in arrears: $3,850 * 3 years (2016-2018) = $11,550
4. Calculate total preferred dividends for 2019: $3,850 (current year) + $11,550 (arrears) = $15,400
5. Calculate common stock dividends for 2019: $51,000 (total dividends) - $15,400 (preferred dividends) = $35,600
Hence, $35,600 of the 2019 dividend payment was paid to the common stockholders, assuming the preferred stock is cumulative.
To know more about stockholders visit-
https://brainly.com/question/16225453
#SPJ11
Retained earnings are increased by each of the following except
a) some disposals of treasury stock.
b) net income.
c) all of these increase retained earnings.
d) prior period adjustments.
Retained earnings are not increased by "prior period adjustments". The correct option is D).
Retained earnings represent the accumulated profits of a company that have not been distributed as dividends to shareholders. They can be increased by several factors, including net income, which is the excess of revenues over expenses. Net income contributes to the growth of retained earnings by adding to the overall profitability of the company.
Additionally, some disposals of treasury stock can also increase retained earnings. When a company repurchases its own shares and later sells them, the proceeds from the sale increase retained earnings.
However, prior period adjustments do not directly increase retained earnings. Prior period adjustments are corrections made to previously reported financial statements due to errors or changes in accounting principles. These adjustments are typically recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the current period.
Option D is the correct answer.
You can learn more about Retained earnings at
https://brainly.com/question/23549885
#SPJ11
According to Elisabeth Kuber-Ross, a person who bargains with a god or their doctor to just let stage of acceptance them live to see their granddaughter's wedding would be at the of death. A) Denial B) Anger C) Bargaining D) Depression
The correct answer to your question is C) Bargaining. According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, bargaining is one of the five stages of grief and it is the stage where a person tries to negotiate with a higher power or authority to delay or prevent the inevitable outcome.
In the example you provided, the person who bargains with a god or their doctor to let them live to see their granddaughter's wedding is trying to negotiate for more time. However, it is important to note that the bargaining stage does not necessarily mean that a person will find a resolution or that their requests will be granted. It is a coping mechanism that helps them come to terms with their situation. To answer your question in more than 100 words, it is crucial to understand the various stages of grief and how they impact individuals differently. Each person may experience these stages in a different order or not at all. It is also important to note that these stages are not linear and can overlap or cycle through multiple times.
To know more about Bargaining visit :
https://brainly.com/question/6489795
#SPJ11
If a monopolist wants to increase the quantity sold from 5 5 units to 6 6 units, it cuts the price from $ 16 $16 to $ 14 $14. The marginal revenue = $ nothing . (Enter your response as a whole number.)
By subtracting the new price from the old price and multiplying it by the change in quantity, we can calculate the marginal revenue change, which in this case is -$2.
How to calculate marginal revenue change?To determine the marginal revenue in this scenario, we need to calculate the change in total revenue resulting from the increase in quantity sold. The formula for marginal revenue is:
Marginal Revenue = (Change in Total Revenue) / (Change in Quantity)
Given that the quantity sold increased from 5 units to 6 units and the price decreased from $16 to $14, we can calculate the change in total revenue as follows:
Change in Total Revenue = (New Price - Old Price) * Change in Quantity
Change in Total Revenue = ($14 - $16) * (6 - 5) = (-$2) * 1 = -$2
Since the change in quantity is 1 unit and the change in total revenue is -$2, we can now determine the marginal revenue:
Marginal Revenue = (-$2) / 1 = -$2
Therefore, the marginal revenue in this case is -$2.
Learn more about: marginal revenue
brainly.com/question/30236294
#SPJ11
The worst justification for unrelated diversification would tend to be: O A significant market opportunity O Hedging against business risk O Diagonal value moves A significant opportunity to gain valuable technology
A diagonal value move is when a business moves into a new market or industry that is related to its existing products or services but is not complementary or synergistic.
Unrelated diversification is a strategy in which a business enters into a new market or industry that has little or no connection to its existing products, services or customer base. The main reason for this is to reduce risk and take advantage of opportunities that exist in other industries. However, there are situations where this strategy may not be justified, and one such situation is when there is a diagonal value move.
This move can be risky because it requires significant resources to establish a foothold in the new market and may not lead to the desired outcomes. For instance, a business that produces cars deciding to diversify into the aviation industry may not be a wise move since the two markets are not complementary, and the company may not have the required expertise to succeed in aviation.
On the other hand, a significant market opportunity, hedging against business risk, or an opportunity to gain valuable technology are all justifications for unrelated diversification. A significant market opportunity allows a business to capitalize on market trends and new opportunities that exist in a new market. Hedging against business risk allows a business to diversify its revenue streams and minimize the impact of economic downturns or other external factors that could impact its existing market. Lastly, an opportunity to gain valuable technology allows a business to acquire new capabilities that can be leveraged across its existing markets or products.
In conclusion, businesses must evaluate their diversification strategy carefully to ensure that they are pursuing opportunities that align with their strengths and can lead to long-term success. While unrelated diversification can offer benefits, it must be pursued with a clear understanding of the risks and the potential rewards.
To know more about business visit:
https://brainly.com/question/15826604
#SPJ11
when ridesharing service uber employs surge pricing, it is implementing a(n) _____.
When ridesharing service Uber employs surge pricing, it is implementing a dynamic pricing strategy. This strategy involves adjusting the price of a service in response to changes in supply and demand.
In the case of Uber, surge pricing is used to increase prices during periods of high demand, such as during peak travel times or in areas where there are limited drivers available. This encourages more drivers to come online and increases the availability of rides, ultimately helping to balance supply and demand.
While some customers may be unhappy with the higher prices during surge pricing periods, others may be willing to pay more for the convenience and speed of getting a ride when they need it. Ultimately, dynamic pricing strategies like surge pricing help to optimize resource allocation and ensure that services are available to those who need them most.
To Learn more about ridesharing service. Click this!
brainly.com/question/21070750
#SPJ11
the cost of interest of a $3,000 loan at 12% interest per year is $720. what is the term length for this loan in years?
To determine the term length of the loan, we need to calculate the interest paid per year and then divide the total interest ($720) by the interest paid per year.
The interest paid per year can be calculated using the formula: Interest = Principal * Rate.
Let's denote the term length as "T" (in years). The principal amount is $3,000, and the interest rate is 12% or 0.12.
Interest Paid Per Year = Principal * Rate
Interest Paid Per Year = $3,000 * 0.12
Interest Paid Per Year = $360
Now, to find the term length (T), we divide the total interest ($720) by the interest paid per year ($360).
T = Total Interest / Interest Paid Per Year
T = $720 / $360
T = 2 years
Therefore, the term length for this loan is 2 years.
a product's market price is the price at which a. the producer sells at a manageable loss b. the producer can no longer meet costs c. consumer demand begins to drop d. the producer makes a reasonable profit
The correct answer is c. consumer demand begins to drop. A product's market price is the price at which it is being sold in the market.
It is determined by various factors, including production costs, competition, and consumer demand. When the market price is set too high, it can exceed what consumers are willing to pay, resulting in a decline in demand. As consumer demand decreases, it becomes evident that the market price is too high, and adjustments may be needed to maintain a sustainable level of sales. Therefore, the market price reflects the point at which consumer demand starts to drop.
To learn more about market price
https://brainly.com/question/30165908
#SPJ11
a machine that can reason, generalize or learn from past experiences is exhibiting
A machine that can reason, generalize, or learn from past experiences is exhibiting traits of artificial intelligence (AI).
AI refers to the development of computer systems or machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, including reasoning, problem-solving, learning, and generalizing knowledge.
Reasoning refers to the ability of a machine to use logical and deductive processes to arrive at conclusions or make decisions based on available information. It involves understanding relationship, making inferences, and drawing logical conclusions.
Generalizing refers to the capability of a machine to apply knowledge or patterns learned from specific nces to new, unseen situations. It involves extracting commonalities or patterns from a set of data and using them to make predictions or decisions in similar contexts.
Learning from past experiences refers to the machine's ability to acquire knowledge or improve its performance by analyzing and adapting based on previous data or interactions. This involves machine learning techniques such as training models on historical data, identifying patterns, and adjusting their behavior or predictions based on new information.
In summary, when a machine demonstrates reasoning, generalizing, or learning from past experiences, it indicates the presence of artificial intelligence capabilities.
Learn more about relationship here:
https://brainly.com/question/30664298
#SPJ11
an organization is considering a revision to its philosophy. what characteristic of the current philosophy would most clearly indicate a need for revision?
An organization's philosophy serves as a guiding principle for its values, objectives, and decision-making processes. If an organization is considering a revision to its philosophy.
The characteristic that would most clearly indicate a need for revision would be misalignment with the organization's current goals, values, or operations. Such misalignment can manifest in various ways, such as difficulty in making decisions, conflicts within the organization, or a disconnect between the stated philosophy and actual practices. As the organization evolves, it is essential to ensure that its philosophy remains relevant and supports the achievement of strategic objectives, fosters a positive work environment, and reflects the values and beliefs of the organization's members. The need for revision in an organization's philosophy is most apparent when there is a noticeable discrepancy between the guiding principles and the actual practices, values, or objectives of the organization.
To know more about philosophy
https://brainly.com/question/30673026
#SPJ11
Chips of width L=15 mmon a side are mounted to a substrate that is installed in an enclosure whose walls and air are maintained at a temperature of Tsur =25∘C. The chips have an emissivity of ε=0.60and a maximum allowable temperature of Ts=85∘C(a) If heat is rejected from the chips by radiation and natural convection, what is the maximum operating power of each chip? The convection coefficient depends on the chip-to-air temperature difference and may be approximated as h=C(Ts−T[infinity])1/4 where C=4.2 W/m2⋅K5/4.(b) If a fan is used to maintain airflow through the enclosure and heat transfer is by forced convection, with h=250 W/m2⋅K, what is the maximum operating power?
The maximum operating power of each chip when forced convection is used would be approximately 1.78 W.
The maximum operating power of each chip can be determined by calculating the rate of heat transfer from the chip to the surrounding environment, which must not exceed the maximum allowable temperature of the chip. The rate of heat transfer by radiation can be expressed as:
qrad = ε σ A (Tchip₄ - Tsur₄)
where ε is the emissivity of the chip, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, A is the surface area of the chip, Tchip is the temperature of the chip, and Tsur is the temperature of the surrounding environment.
The rate of heat transfer by natural convection can be expressed as:
qconv = h A (Tchip - Tinf)where h is the convective heat transfer coefficient, A is the surface area of the chip, Tchip is the temperature of the chip, and Tinf is the temperature of the surrounding air.
At the maximum operating power, the rate of heat transfer by radiation and convection will be equal to the maximum allowable rate of heat transfer from the chip, which can be expressed as:
qmax = (Ts - Tsur) / Rth
where Ts is the maximum allowable temperature of the chip and Rth is the thermal resistance of the chip.
The thermal resistance of the chip can be expressed as:
Rth = 1 / (h A + ε σ A (Tchip³ + Tsur³) / (Tchip² + Tsur²))
Setting qrad + qconv = qmax and solving for the maximum operating power, we get:
Pmax = qmax / (qrad / P + qconv / P)
where P is the area of the chip.
Substituting the given values, we get:
Pmax = 0.60 * σ * P * (Ts⁴ - Tsur⁴) / [(Ts - Tsur) / (C * P^(1/4)) + 4.2 * P^(3/4) * (Ts - Tsur)]
Pmax = 0.60 * 5.67e-8 * (0.015²) * (85 + 273.15)⁴ / [(85 - 25) / (4.2 * (0.015)^(1/4)) + 4.2 * (0.015)^(3/4) * (85 - 25)]
Pmax ≈ 0.741 W
Therefore, the maximum operating power of each chip is approximately 0.741 W.
(b) If forced convection is used to maintain airflow through the enclosure, the rate of heat transfer from the chip can be expressed as:
q = h A (Tchip - Tinf)
Setting q = qmax and solving for the maximum operating power, we get:
Pmax = qmax / (h A)
Substituting the given values, we get:
Pmax = (85 - 25) / (250 * (0.015²))
Pmax ≈ 1.78 W
Therefore, the maximum operating power of each chip when forced convection is used is approximately 1.78 W.
To know more about convection
https://brainly.com/question/16523287
#SPJ4
Treasury stock which was purchased for $2,474 is sold for $3,895. Determine the result of these two transactions.
a. stockholders' equity will be increased by $3,895.
b. income will be increased by $1,421.
c. stockholders' equity will be increased by $1,421.
d. stockholders' equity will not change.
The stockholders' equity will be increased by $1,421 so that correct answer is option (c).
The terms in your question are Treasury stock, $2,474 (purchase price), $3,895 (selling price).
To determine the result of these two transactions, follow these steps:
1. Calculate the difference between the selling price and the purchase price:
$3,895 (selling price) - $2,474 (purchase price) = $1,421
2. Since Treasury stock is a contra-equity account, selling it for a higher price than it was purchased for will result in an increase in stockholders' equity. The increase is equal to the difference between the selling and purchase prices, which is $1,421.
Based on this information, the correct answer is:
c. stockholders' equity will be increased by $1,421.
Know more about equity click here:
https://brainly.com/question/31458166
#SPJ11
an auditor may compensate for a high assessed level of control risk by increasing the:
An auditor may compensate for a high assessed level of control risk by increasing the substantive procedures. This is because a high assessed level of control risk means that the auditor cannot rely on the company's internal controls to prevent or detect material misstatements.
Therefore, the auditor needs to perform more substantive procedures to obtain sufficient evidence to support their opinion on the financial statements. Substantive procedures involve testing the balances, transactions, and disclosures in the financial statements directly.
The auditor may increase the extent, nature, or timing of substantive procedures to compensate for the high level of control risk. This ensures that the auditor can detect any material misstatements that may exist in the financial statements and provide a reliable opinion to the users of the financial statements.
Learn more about control risk here:
brainly.com/question/28539862
#SPJ11
among the factors contributing to loss of loyalty are compensation, leadership, job elimination, and an increasingly mobile workforce. true or false?
True. Factors such as compensation, leadership, job elimination, and an increasingly mobile workforce can contribute to the loss of loyalty.
Factors like compensation, leadership, job elimination, and an increasingly mobile workforce can indeed contribute to the loss of loyalty among employees. Compensation plays a significant role in employee satisfaction and retention. If employees feel that their compensation is inadequate or not aligned with their expectations or market standards, it can lead to a decrease in loyalty.
Leadership also plays a crucial role in fostering employee loyalty. Poor leadership, lack of communication, ineffective management styles, or a lack of support can erode trust and commitment, resulting in decreased loyalty among employees.
Job elimination, such as layoffs or downsizing, can create a sense of insecurity and uncertainty among employees, leading to a decline in loyalty. When employees witness job cuts or feel their positions are at risk, their loyalty towards the organization may diminish.
Additionally, an increasingly mobile workforce, where employees have more opportunities for job mobility and career advancement, can also impact loyalty. With more options available, employees may be less committed to staying with a single organization for an extended period, leading to reduced loyalty.
In summary, the mentioned factors (compensation, leadership, job elimination, and an increasingly mobile workforce) can all contribute to the loss of loyalty among employees, highlighting the importance of addressing these aspects to maintain a loyal and engaged workforce.
to learn more about Compensation click here:
brainly.com/question/30764389
#SPJ11
explain the meanings of the following financial terms: a. option b. expiration date c. strike price d. call e. put
Options are contracts that provide the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time.
The expiration date is the date by which the option must be exercised, and the strike price is the price at which the underlying asset can be bought or sold. A call option gives the holder the right to buy an asset, while a put option gives the holder the right to sell an asset.
a. Option: An option is a financial instrument that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time.
b. Expiration date: The expiration date is the date on which an option contract expires.
c. Strike price: The strike price, also known as the exercise price, is the price at which the underlying asset can be bought or sold by the holder of an option contract.
d. Call: A call option is a type of option contract that gives the holder the right to buy an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time.
e. Put: A put option is a type of option contract that gives the holder the right to sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price and time.
After this date, the option is no longer valid and the holder loses the right to exercise it.
For more such questions on contracts
https://brainly.com/question/12408770
#SPJ11
Hi! I'd be happy to help you understand the meanings of the following financial terms:
a. Option: An option is a financial contract that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a specific price, called the strike price, on or before a specific date, known as the expiration date. Options are categorized into two types: calls and puts.
b. Expiration date: The expiration date is the last day on which an option contract is valid. After this date, the option holder loses the right to exercise the option, and the contract becomes worthless.
c. Strike price: The strike price is the predetermined price at which the option holder can buy or sell the underlying asset when exercising the option. It is agreed upon when the option contract is created.
d. Call: A call option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy an underlying asset at a specific price (strike price) on or before a specific date (expiration date). The buyer of a call option believes that the price of the underlying asset will increase before the option expires.
e. Put: A put option is a financial contract that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to sell an underlying asset at a specific price (strike price) on or before a specific date (expiration date). The buyer of a put option believes that the price of the underlying asset will decrease before the option expires.
#SPJ11
russell starling, an australian citizen and resident, received the following investment income during the current year: $5,380 of dividend income from ownership of stock in a u.s. corporation, $11,900 interest from a certificate of deposit in a u.s. bank, $3,950 of interest income earned from a loan to clint westwood, a u.s. citizen, and $2,475 capital gain from sale of a stock in a u.s. corporation. how much of russell's income will be subject to u.s. taxation?
According to the given question, Russell's dividend income ($5,380) and interest income from the loan ($3,950) would be subject to U.S. taxation, totaling $9,330. The interest from the certificate of deposit ($11,900) and capital gain from the stock sale ($2,475) would not be taxed in the U.S.
Russell Starling, an Australian citizen, and resident, received various types of investment income from U.S. sources. To determine how much of this income is subject to U.S. taxation, we need to consider each type of income individually:
1. Dividend income ($5,380): Generally, U.S. dividends paid to nonresident aliens are subject to a 30% withholding tax, unless a tax treaty provides a lower rate.
2. Interest from a certificate of deposit ($11,900): Interest from bank deposits, such as a certificate of deposit, is generally not taxed in the U.S. for nonresident aliens.
3. Interest income from a loan ($3,950): This interest income would be subject to U.S. taxation, typically at a 30% withholding rate, unless a tax treaty provides a lower rate.
4. Capital gain from the sale of stock ($2,475): Nonresident aliens are generally not taxed on capital gains unless they are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business.
In summary, Russell's dividend income ($5,380) and interest income from the loan ($3,950) would be subject to U.S. taxation, totaling $9,330. The interest from the certificate of deposit ($11,900) and capital gain from the stock sale ($2,475) would not be taxed in the U.S.
To know more about Dividend income visit :
https://brainly.com/question/30811622
#SPJ11
The coupon payments for the following are paid semi-annually: Bond 1: Par= $100, Annual Coupon Rate = 0, Maturity=0.5 yeras. Market Price =98 Bond 2: Par =$100, Annual Coupon Rate = 4, Maturity = 1 year, Market Price = 98.8 Bond 3: Par = $100, Annual Coupon Rate = 6.2, Maturity = 1.5 years, Market Price= 101 1. a test bond with par value=100, annual coupon rate=4.8% (paid semi-annually), maturity=one year, and market price=100.50 is: 2. the arbitrage strategy for each unit of the test bond traded, is to:
The 12-month par yield for bonds that pay semi-annual coupon payments is: 5.12%. The correct option is B.
The 18-month par yield for bonds that pay semi-annual coupon payments is: 5.351%.
To calculate the par yield, we need to use the formula:
Market Price = (C/2) / (1 + y/2)^t + (C/2) / (1 + y/2)^(t+1) + ... + (C/2 + Par) / (1 + y/2)^(n)
where C is the semi-annual coupon payment, y is the semi-annual par yield, t is the number of semi-annual periods to the next coupon payment, and n is the total number of semi-annual periods until maturity.
For Bond 1, since it has no coupon payment, the par yield is simply the discount rate that equates the market price to the par value, which is $100. Therefore, the par yield for Bond 1 is:
y = ln(Par/Market Price) / t = ln(100/98) / 1 = 0.0202 or 2.02%
For Bond 2, we can plug in the given values into the formula and solve for y:
98.8 = 2 / (1 + y/2)^1 + 104 / (1 + y/2)^2
y = 2 x (104 / 98.8 - 1)^(-2) = 0.0512 or 5.12%
For Bond 3, we can follow the same procedure:
101 = 3.1 / (1 + y/2)^1 + 3.1 / (1 + y/2)^2 + 103.1 / (1 + y/2)^3
y = 2 x (3.1/98.8 + 3.1/((1+y/2)^2 x 98.8) + 103.1/((1+y/2)^3 x 98.8) - 1)^(-3) = 0.05351 or 5.351%
Therefore, the 12-month par yield is 5.12% and the 18-month par yield is 5.351%.
The 12-month par yield for bonds that pay semi-annual coupon payments is: 5.12%. The correct option is B.
To know more about semi-annual coupon, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/31424099#
#SPJ11
Complete question:
The coupon payments for the following are paid semi-annually:
Bond 1: Par= $100, Annual Coupon Rate = 0, Maturity=0.5 yeras. Market Price =98
Bond 2: Par =$100, Annual Coupon Rate = 4, Maturity = 1 year, Market Price = 98.8
Bond 3: Par = $100, Annual Coupon Rate = 6.2, Maturity = 1.5 years, Market Price= 101
1) The 12 - month par yield for bonds that pay semi-annual coupon payments is:
a) 4.081%
b)5.12%
c) 5.24%
d)5.351%
e)5.597%
2) The 18 - month par yield for bonds that pay semi-annual coupon payments is:
a) 4.081%
b) 5.12 %
c) 5.24%
d)5.351%
e)5.597%
Under IFRS, which of the following is not reported for a publicly traded entity, when applicable?
Multiple Choice
A. Per share amounts for extraordinary items
B. Diluted earnings per share
C. Basic earnings per share
D. Per share amounts for profit or loss from continuing operations
The answer is A. Per share amounts for extraordinary items.
Under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), publicly traded entities are required to report diluted earnings per share, basic earnings per share, and per share amounts for profit or loss from continuing operations. However, per share amounts for extraordinary items are not reported. IFRS provides guidelines for financial reporting that are followed by companies operating in many countries around the world.
Diluted earnings per share is a measure that takes into account the potential dilution of shares due to stock options, convertible securities, or other financial instruments. Basic earnings per share is a simpler calculation that considers the total earnings divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding.
Learn more about Financial here:
https://brainly.com/question/32292990
#SPJ11
merchants accepted gold receipts as a means of payment even though the receipts were issued by goldsmiths, not the government. this is because
Merchants accepted gold receipts as a means of payment issued by goldsmiths because they trusted the goldsmiths to have the actual gold reserves to back up the receipts.
Goldsmiths were known for their expertise in handling and storing gold, and they also offered safe deposit boxes to the public. As a result, people would often deposit their gold with goldsmiths for safekeeping, receiving a receipt that represented the value of the gold they had deposited. Over time, goldsmiths realized that they could issue receipts for gold that they did not physically have, as long as the total value of the receipts issued did not exceed the value of the actual gold reserves they held. This practice eventually evolved into the issuance of paper money backed by gold reserves, known as a gold standard. Merchants accepted these receipts because they were confident in the goldsmiths' ability to honor them, and because they could be easily exchanged for goods and services. However, this system was not without flaws, as some goldsmiths abused their power by issuing more receipts than they had gold reserves, leading to instances of fraud and instability in the economy.
Learn more about gold standard: https://brainly.com/question/9222673
#SPJ11