If less than 20% of outstanding voting shares are owned, dividends earned are reported as ______.

Answer:

variance

Explanation:

the definition of variance in bugeting

Insurance Expense       Dr     $16,500
     To Prepaid Insurance        $16,500

To adjust for the prepaid expense of insurance at the end of the year, we need to calculate the amount of insurance that has been used up or expired during the year. We know that the prepaid Insurance account had a beginning balance of $11,500 and was debited for $18,000 of premiums paid during the year. Therefore, the total amount of insurance paid for during the year is $29,500.

If the amount of unexpired insurance related to future periods is $13,000, then the amount of insurance that has expired during the year is $16,500 ($29,500 - $13,000). This amount represents the Insurance Expense for the year.

To record this adjustment, we need to debit Insurance Expense for $16,500 and credit Prepaid Insurance for $16,500. This entry will reduce the Prepaid Insurance account to its correct balance of $13,000 (the amount of unexpired insurance related to future periods ) and record the Insurance Expense for the year.

The adjusting entry is as follows:

Debit: Insurance Expense $16,500
Credit: Prepaid Insurance $16,500

In conclusion, adjusting for the prepaid expense of insurance requires calculating the amount of insurance that has expired during the year and recording an adjusting entry to reduce the Prepaid Insurance account and record the Insurance Expense for the year.

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Similar to Case B, we can use the present value formula to calculate the issue price, taking into account the coupon payments and face value.

To compute the issue (sales) price for each case, we need to calculate the present value of the bond's future cash flows, which include both the coupon payments and the face value.

In this case, since the coupon rate matches the market interest rate, the bond will be issued at its face value.

Issue price: $820,000 (as given)

In this case, the market interest rate is lower than the coupon rate of 6 percent. Therefore, the bond is expected to be more attractive to investors, and its price will be higher than the face value.

To calculate the issue price, we can use the present value formula:

Issue Price = PV(Coupon Payments) + PV(Face Value)

Coupon Payments:

The bond pays semiannual coupon payments, so we need to calculate the present value of these cash flows. The coupon payment is 6% of the face value, and there are eight periods (four years with semiannual payments).

Using the Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity (PVA) table:

PV(Coupon Payments) = Coupon Payment * PVA Factor

PV(Coupon Payments) = 0.06 * $820,000 * PVA factor for 8 periods

Face Value:

Since the bond will mature in four years, we need to calculate the present value of the face value using the Present Value (PV) table.

PV(Face Value) = Face Value * PV factor for 4 periods

Adding both present values gives us the issue price.

In this case, the market interest rate is higher than the coupon rate of 6 percent. As a result, the bond will be less attractive to investors, and its price will be lower than the face value.

Remember to use the appropriate factors from the provided tables to calculate the present values accurately.

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B. There are negative externalities for those who view a lot and positive externalities for those who view a few.Externalities refer to the spillover effects that affect individuals or groups who are not directly involved in a transaction.

In this case, the subscribers who view a lot of lectures are using up a larger share of the streaming service's resources, such as bandwidth and server space. As a result, there may be buffering issues or slower load times for subscribers who view only a few lectures. This is an example of a negative externality for those who view only a few lectures.On the other hand, there are positive externalities for those who view only a few lectures because they benefit from the fixed costs of running the streaming service, such as the initial investment in the platform and the creation of the lectures themselves. They also benefit from the network effects created by having more subscribers, which can lead to a wider range of lectures being offered and a more robust community of learners.

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By dividing the coupon rate by the par value, which results in $140, we can compute the yearly coupon payment. The bond pricing formula may be used to determine the current market value of the bond by calculating the present value of all upcoming cash flows, such as coupon payments and the par value received at maturity.

A coupon is a ticket or document that may be redeemed for a monetary discount or refund when buying a product in marketing.

To be utilized in retail outlets as a part of sales promotions, coupons are often distributed by makers of consumer payment packaged goods or by retailers. They are frequently extensively disseminated through the mail, coupon envelopes, magazines, newspapers, the Internet (social media, email newsletter)

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Jack's net income is the amount of money he earns after deducting his total deductions and expenditures from his gross income.

To calculate Jack's net income, subtract his total deductions and expenditures from his gross income.

Jack's gross income is $30,000. Deductions are expenses that can be subtracted from the gross income to determine taxable income. In this case, Jack's total deductions for the year amount to $7,300.

Additionally, Jack's expenditures, which refer to his personal expenses, are $2,250.

To find Jack's net income, subtract his total deductions and expenditures from his gross income:

Net Income = Gross Income - Total Deductions - Expenditures

= $30,000 - $7,300 - $2,250

= $20,450

Therefore, Jack's net income is $20,450. This represents the amount of money he has left after accounting for his deductions and personal expenses. It is the actual income he has available for saving, spending, or investing after considering his financial obligations and costs.

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The statement "The generation of workers born between 1960 and 1980 are referred to as Generation X" is True. Option A.

Generation X is the name given to the generation of Americans born between the mid-1960s and the early 1980s.

Generation X follows the Baby Boomers and precedes Generation Y or the Millennials.

Another name given to this group is the 'latchkey generation'. The kids of those years were often left to their own devices after school, as many former stay-at-home mothers entered the labor market. They are also known as MTV Kids, due to the popularity of this music channel.

Generation X's earning powers were compromised by the failure of the dot-com online business and then by the financial crisis of 2008.

Sociologists call this generation cynical and superficial, not being able to find balance in their work-life situation.

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All else equal, Bond B, which is a par bond, would have the higher coupon rate. A discount bond is a bond that is sold at a price lower than its face value or par value, while a par bond is sold at its face value.

The coupon rate is the annual interest rate that the bond issuer pays to the bondholder as a percentage of the bond's face value. Generally, discount bonds have lower coupon rates compared to par bonds. This is because the discount bond's price is already below par, and the lower coupon rate helps to compensate investors for the lower initial investment. On the other hand, a par bond is sold at face value, so it typically offers a higher coupon rate to provide the necessary return to investors. Therefore, all else being equal, Bond B, which is a par bond, would have the higher coupon rate compared to Bond A, the discount bond.

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Active margin beaches show the following attributes: they are typically narrower, have steeper slopes, and are influenced by tectonic activity, which can cause coastal uplift and create rocky shorelines.

Active margin beaches typically show signs of tectonic activity, which can include geological features such as cliffs, steep shorelines, and frequent earthquakes. Tectonic activity refers to the movement of the earth's crust, which can result in the creation of new landforms and geological structures. As a result of this activity, active margin beaches may be characterized by rugged and dramatic scenery, as well as a dynamic environment that is constantly changing due to natural forces such as erosion, sedimentation, and volcanic activity. In summary, the following attributes are commonly associated with active margin beaches: rugged and dynamic scenery, geological features such as cliffs and steep shorelines, and frequent tectonic activity.

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This SQL statement is querying the employee table and looking for employees who are located in location number 1004 and have the job title of manager. The result set will include all columns for those employees who meet these criteria.

The purpose of this query may be to retrieve a list of all managers who work in location 1004. This information could be useful for various business purposes, such as identifying key decision makers in that location or determining the hierarchy of employees in that department. The use of SQL statements like this one can help managers and other decision makers in a company to access important information about their employees quickly and easily. By querying the database, they can gain insights into employee performance, location, job titles, and other factors that can help them make informed decisions about their workforce. In conclusion, this SQL statement is a simple yet powerful way to retrieve specific information about employees who meet certain criteria. It is an essential tool for managers and other business leaders who need to make informed decisions about their employees and their organization as a whole.

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In a multinational business strategy, the sales/marketing function is decentralized and dispersed to foreign units.

In a multinational business strategy, the sales/marketing function is often decentralized and dispersed to foreign units. This means that the responsibility for sales and marketing activities, including market analysis, advertising, promotions, and customer relationship management, is shifted to individual foreign units or subsidiaries.

Decentralizing the sales/marketing function allows multinational companies to adapt their marketing strategies and tactics to the specific needs and preferences of local markets. It enables the foreign units to have a better understanding of the local market dynamics, customer behavior, cultural nuances, and regulatory requirements. By having local sales and marketing teams, multinational companies can tailor their products, pricing, distribution channels, and promotional activities to maximize their effectiveness in each market.

This decentralization also empowers the foreign units to make independent decisions and respond more quickly to local market changes and opportunities. It facilitates a more localized approach to sales and marketing, promoting better customer engagement and market penetration. However, coordination and alignment with the overall global marketing strategy and brand image are still important to maintain consistency and leverage synergies across markets.

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Independent agents are often hired by companies because they already sell to the desired market. Option D is the correct answer.

Independent agents are individuals or firms that represent multiple companies and sell their products or services to customers. They have existing relationships and knowledge of the market, which makes them valuable for companies looking to enter or expand into a specific market.

By hiring independent agents, companies can leverage their expertise, established connections, and customer base to reach their target market more effectively. Independent agents can provide access to new customers, increase sales, and help companies establish a presence in a desired market.

Option D is the correct answer.

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The statement "If more gas stations are built in the local area, then the supply of gasoline will decrease as a result" is not accurate. In fact, the increased number of gas stations would likely lead to an increase in the supply of gasoline.

When more gas stations are built in a local area, it generally leads to an increase in the supply of gasoline. This is because each gas station is a point of distribution for gasoline, and more gas stations mean more outlets for selling gasoline. As a result, the overall supply of gasoline in the local area tends to increase.

An increase in the number of gas stations can have several effects on the supply of gasoline. Firstly, competition among gas stations may lead to lower prices, encouraging consumers to buy more gasoline. This increased demand can incentivize suppliers to increase their gasoline production and supply to meet the growing market demand.

Additionally, with more gas stations available, suppliers may have better access to distribution channels, allowing them to transport and deliver gasoline more efficiently. This improved distribution network can contribute to a more abundant and accessible supply of gasoline in the local area.

Therefore, contrary to the initial statement, the construction of more gas stations typically results in an increase in the supply of gasoline rather than a decrease.

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The optimal order quantity each time Rocky Mountain Tire Center places an order is 358 go-cart tires.

To determine the optimal order quantity, we need to use the economic order quantity (EOQ) formula.

EOQ = √[(2DS)/H]

Where D = annual demand, S = ordering cost, and H = holding cost per unit.

Plugging in the given values:

D = 5000

S = $40

H = 0.4($22) = $8.80

For the purchase price, we need to consider different scenarios:

If we order fewer than 200 tires:

Purchase price = $22 per tire

If we order between 200 and 5,000 tires:

Purchase price = $19 per tire

If we order 5,000 or more tires:

Purchase price = $14 per tire

Since we want to find the optimal order quantity, we need to consider the scenario that gives us the lowest total cost.

Using the EOQ formula, we get:

EOQ = √[(2 × 5000 × 40)/8.80] = 357.96

Since we can't order a fractional amount of tires, we should round up to the nearest whole number.

If we order 358 tires, we would pay $22 per tire, for a total cost of $7,876.

If we order 5,000 tires, we would pay $14 per tire, for a total cost of $70,000.

Therefore, it's most cost-effective to order 358 go-cart tires each time Rocky Mountain Tire Center places an order.

Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: Rocky Mountain Tire Center sells 5,000 go-cart tires per year. The ordering cost for each order is $40, and the holding cost is 40% of the purchase price of the tires per year. The purchase price is $22 per tire if fewer than 200 tires are ordered, $19 per tire if 200 or more, but fewer than 5,000, tires are ordered, and $14 per tire if 5,000 or more tires are ordered. How many tires should Rocky Mountain order each time it places an order?

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Avon is engaging in cause marketing by donating a proportion of their profit to breast cancer research organizations for every product sold. Cause marketing involves aligning a company's products or services with a social or environmental cause to create a positive impact and build consumer loyalty.

Cause marketing refers to the practice of linking a company's products or services with a charitable or social cause. In this case, Avon is donating a portion of their profit to breast cancer research organizations, which is an example of cause marketing. By doing so, Avon aims to create a positive association with their brand and products while contributing to a meaningful cause. Cause marketing initiatives like these not only generate social impact but also enhance brand reputation and consumer loyalty. Consumers are often more inclined to support companies that demonstrate a commitment to social responsibility and contribute to causes they care about.

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In the New Keynesian Rational Expectations model with a Taylor rule, if the central bank follows the Taylor principle, in the steady state in which nominal interest rate is zero, the inflation is zero (option C).

The Taylor rule is a monetary policy rule that guides central banks in setting interest rates based on inflation and output gaps. According to the Taylor principle, when inflation is above the central bank's target, the nominal interest rate should be raised by more than one-for-one with inflation. Similarly, when inflation is below the central bank's target, the nominal interest rate should be lowered by more than one-for-one with inflation. In the steady state in which nominal interest rate is zero, the inflation rate is determined by the output gap and the natural rate of interest. The output gap is the difference between actual and potential output, and the natural rate of interest is the real interest rate consistent with output at its potential level. In the New Keynesian model, the output gap is determined by the difference between aggregate demand and supply shocks, while the natural rate of interest is determined by the discount rate of future consumption. If the central bank follows the Taylor principle, it implies that it sets the nominal interest rate equal to the sum of the natural rate of interest and a weighted average of inflation and the output gap. In the steady state in which nominal interest rate is zero, this implies that inflation is zero, as the output gap and the natural rate of interest are both zero.

To see why inflation is zero in the steady state, we can start with the New Keynesian Phillips curve, which relates inflation to the output gap and expected inflation πt = βEtπt+1 + κyt + εt where πt is inflation, Etπt+1 is expected inflation, yt is the output gap, κ is a parameter that measures the sensitivity of inflation to the output gap, and εt is a demand shock. If we assume that expected inflation is equal to the central bank's inflation target (Etπt+1 = π*), and that the demand shock is zero (εt = 0), we can simplify the Phillips curve to πt = π* + κyt This equation shows that inflation depends positively on the output gap, and that the central bank's inflation target determines the level of inflation in the long run. The Taylor rule can be written as it = ρ + π* + α(πt - π*) + βyt.

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A firm that faces a downward-sloping demand curve is a price-setter.

Price-setters are firms that have some market power, allowing them to influence the price of their product or service.

A downward-sloping demand curve indicates that consumers are willing to buy less of the product at higher prices and more of the product at lower prices.

In this situation, the firm can adjust its price to find the optimal point where it can maximize profits.

On the other hand, a price-taker is a firm that has no market power and must accept the market price for its product or service, such as a firm in a perfectly competitive market.

A quantity-taker is a firm that must accept the market quantity and price for its output.

A quantity-minimizer is a firm that seeks to minimize losses rather than maximize profits by producing the quantity where marginal cost equals marginal revenue.

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Research has shown that when employees trust their colleagues and leaders, they are more likely to feel committed to the organization and its goals.

This increased sense of alignment leads to higher productivity and better performance overall. Additionally, employees who work in high-trust cultures are less susceptible to unethical behaviors because they feel accountable to their colleagues and the organization as a whole. They are more likely to adhere to ethical standards and make decisions that align with company values. Finally, because employees in high-trust cultures are more engaged and committed, they are less likely to seek out opportunities in other organizations. Instead, they are more likely to stay with their current employer and contribute to its success. have lower productivity than employees who work in low-trust cultures" - This statement is not accurate, as studies have shown that high-trust cultures are associated with higher productivity and performance among employees.  

"are more susceptible to unethical behaviors than employees who work in low-trust cultures" - This statement is also not accurate, as a culture of trust can actually promote ethical behavior by encouraging employees to act in accordance with shared values and norms.

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As an AI language model, I don't have access to real-time data or statistics beyond my September 2021 knowledge cutoff.

Therefore, I cannot provide the specific percentage of internet users over the age of 14 who made a purchase at an online retail store in 2020. However, it is worth noting that online shopping has been growing steadily in recent years, and the COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated the adoption of e-commerce. The exact percentage may vary based on factors such as region, demographics, and cultural differences. Market research firms and organizations specializing in e-commerce data, such as Statista or eMarketer, may provide up-to-date statistics on online shopping behavior and purchase rates.

To obtain the precise percentage for 2020, it would be best to refer to reliable sources or consult recent studies and reports specifically focused on e-commerce and online shopping trends during that year.

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True. Studies have consistently shown that there is a strong positive correlation between economic freedom and high per capita real GDP. Economic freedom includes factors such as low taxes, minimal government intervention, and ease of doing business. Countries with high levels of economic freedom tend to have more prosperous economies, as individuals and businesses are able to freely engage in market activities without unnecessary restrictions.

This leads to increased productivity, higher levels of innovation, and ultimately, higher per capita real GDP. Therefore, it is safe to say that there is a strong positive correlation between economic freedom and high per capita real GDP.
There is a positive correlation between economic freedom and high per capita real GDP. True.

When a country has more economic freedom, businesses and individuals can innovate and invest more efficiently, leading to higher levels of productivity and economic growth. As a result, countries with greater economic freedom tend to have higher per capita real GDP, reflecting an improved standard of living for their citizens. This relationship has been supported by various studies and is generally accepted among economists. However, it's essential to consider other factors that may contribute to a nation's economic success and individual well-being.

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When policymakers make decisions in response to a pre-specified rule, they are undertaking  C) passive policy.

Passive policy refers to when policymakers follow pre-specified rules or guidelines when making decisions. This means that they are not actively seeking out solutions or making discretionary choices based on their own judgment, but rather relying on pre-existing guidelines.

The different types of policy, such as active and discretionary policy. Active policy refers to when policymakers take action to influence economic outcomes, such as changing interest rates or implementing new regulations. Discretionary policy involves making decisions based on judgment and analysis of current economic conditions, rather than following pre-specified rules. However, in this case, the question specifically mentions a pre-specified rule, indicating that the correct answer is passive policy. Finally, irrational policy would refer to decisions made without sound reasoning or based on faulty assumptions, which is not mentioned in the question.When policymakers make decisions in response to a pre-specified rule, they are undertaking a passive policy. A passive policy involves making decisions based on predetermined rules, while an active policy involves adjusting and responding to current economic conditions. Discretionary policy allows policymakers to make decisions on a case-by-case basis, and an irrational policy is not a standard term used in economics.

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The annual depreciation charge for the kitchen appliance using the straight-line method is $447.50.

To calculate the depreciation charges per year using the straight-line method, you will need to know the initial cost of the appliance, its salvage value at the end of its useful life, and the number of years it will be used. In this case, the initial cost is $3,700, the salvage value is $120, and the useful life is 8 years.

Step 1: Calculate the total depreciation.
Total depreciation = Initial cost - Salvage value
Total depreciation = $3,700 - $120
Total depreciation = $3,580

Step 2: Divide the total depreciation by the useful life.
Annual depreciation charge = Total depreciation / Useful life
Annual depreciation charge = $3,580 / 8
Annual depreciation charge = $447.50

Using the straight-line method, the annual depreciation charge for the kitchen appliance is $447.50. This means the appliance's value will decrease by this amount each year over the course of its 8-year useful life, reaching a final value of $120.

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The cost approach would be more heavily relied on for C. A new custom-built home.

This is because the cost approach focuses on estimating the replacement cost of a property by considering construction costs, land value, and depreciation. It is particularly useful for newly built or custom properties where market comparisons may not be readily available.

For a new custom-built home, there is typically no history of sales or income to use as a basis for valuation. Additionally, custom-built homes are often unique and may not have comparable properties available for comparison. In such cases, the cost approach becomes more important and is heavily relied upon to estimate the property's value.

In contrast, residential resales (A) and office buildings (B) may have more comparable properties and sales data available, making the sales comparison or income approaches more applicable. Shopping centers (D), depending on their size and complexity, may also rely on the income approach, considering rental income and potential earnings.

However, the cost approach may still be used as a supplementary method in these cases to provide additional insights into the property's value. Hence, C is the correct option.

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True. The total cost curve is relatively flat near the EOQ (economic order quantity) because at this point, the holding costs and ordering costs are balanced. The EOQ represents the optimal quantity to order to minimize the total cost of inventory management, and as a result, the total cost curve is relatively flat in the vicinity of the EOQ.

Any deviation from the EOQ, either by ordering more or less than the optimal quantity, would result in an increase in total cost due to higher holding costs or ordering costs. Therefore, the total cost curve slopes upwards on either side of the EOQ.

The statement "the total cost curve is relatively flat near the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity)" is true. The EOQ is a point where the total cost, which includes ordering costs and holding costs, is minimized. Near this point, the total cost curve becomes relatively flat, indicating that small changes in order quantity will not have a significant impact on the overall cost. This is because, at EOQ, the balance between ordering and holding costs is optimal, leading to the most cost-effective inventory management.

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An increase in manifold pressure with a constant RPM will cause the bearing load in an engine to increase.


Manifold pressure refers to the absolute pressure in the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. It is an important factor that affects the performance and operation of the engine. When manifold pressure increases while the engine's RPM (revolutions per minute) remains constant, it typically indicates an increase in the air/fuel mixture being delivered to the engine.

The increase in manifold pressure leads to higher combustion pressures within the cylinders, resulting in increased force exerted on the engine components, including the bearings. Bearings in an engine support rotating shafts and provide smooth movement between components. They are subjected to the forces generated by the rotating parts, including the pistons, connecting rods, and crankshaft.

With an increase in manifold pressure, the combustion forces within the cylinders become more intense. This increased pressure and force transfer to the connecting rods and crankshaft, causing a higher load on the bearings that support these rotating components. The bearings must withstand the additional force and friction resulting from the increased pressure, which can lead to higher wear and tear over time.

It's important to note that the engine's design, materials used, lubrication system, and other factors also play a significant role in determining the bearing load. However, in general, an increase in manifold pressure while maintaining a constant RPM will result in higher bearing loads due to the increased forces generated by the combustion process. Engine manufacturers and operators need to consider these factors to ensure proper lubrication, cooling, and maintenance to prevent excessive wear and potential damage to the bearings and other engine components.

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the key determinant of the price elasticity of supply is the time horizon. T

his refers to the length of time producers have to adjust their production levels in response to changes in price. A longer time horizon allows for more flexibility in adjusting production, making supply more elastic.

the other answer choices are not the key determinant is as follows:

- Income of consumers is a determinant of demand, not supply.
- Price elasticity of demand is related to how responsive consumers are to changes in price, not producers.
- The importance of the good in a consumer's budget may affect demand, but it is not a direct determinant of supply elasticity.

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The second line records the decrease in the Accounts Receivable account, which represents the liability being paid off by Branch College.

To properly record the ACH payment and applicable discount in the accounting records, Acon company should use a double-entry bookkeeping system.

This system requires the use of two accounts for every transaction, one account to represent the asset or expense being increased and another account to represent the liability or equity being decreased.

In this case, Acon company received an ACH payment of $1,622.88 from Branch College for payment in full of charge sale invoice No.730, which had terms of 2/10, net 30.

This means that if Branch College paid within 10 days of the invoice date, they would receive a 2% discount on the invoice amount, otherwise, the full amount would be due within 30 days. As Branch College paid within 10 days, the discount would be applicable.

To record this transaction, Acon company would use the following journal entry:

Debit: Cash $1,622.88 Credit: Accounts Receivable $1,680.00 Credit: Sales Discount $57.12

The first line records the increase in the Cash account, which represents the asset being received by Acon company. The second line records the decrease in the Accounts Receivable account, which represents the liability being paid off by Branch College.

The third line records the decrease in the Sales Discount account, which represents the discount given to Branch College for paying early.

In summary, Acon company should record the ACH payment from Branch College for payment in full of charge sale invoice No.730 by debiting Cash, and crediting Accounts Receivable and Sales Discount accounts.

This ensures that the accounting records are accurate and up-to-date, and that the discount is properly applied.

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The second line of the journal entry to record the ACH payment from Branch College would be:

Accounts Receivable - Branch College $1,622.88

Sales $1,500.00

Sales Discount $ 122.88

The journal entry would be recorded to reflect the payment received and to recognize the sales discount taken by Branch College. The first line of the entry records the amount received, and the second and third lines record the sales revenue and discount recognized. Accounts Receivable - Branch College is debited for the amount received, which is $1,622.88. Sales is credited for the full amount of the original sale, which is $1,500.00. Finally, the Sales Discount is credited for the amount of the discount taken by Branch College, which is $122.88. By taking advantage of the discount, Branch College was able to pay only $1,500.00, which is 2% less than the full amount of $1,622.88.

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$10,832 an income statement for the year finished December 31, 20

An income statement shows an organization's income, costs, and productivity over some time. It is likewise some of the time called a benefit and misfortune (P&L) explanation or an income proclamation.  It shows your pay from selling things or organizations.

An income statement gives significant experience into an organization's tasks, the proficiency of its administration, failure to meet expectations areas, and its presentation compared with industry peers.

Given;

Pay Articulation For the Year Finished December 31, 20- -

Fees Earned                   13,835

Utility Expense   153

Rent Expense    1,200

Wages Expense 1,650  

total expenses                3,003  

net income                     10,832

Thus, net income is  $10,832.

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An estimate of the increase in an option-free bond's price based solely on its duration provides a measure of the bond's price sensitivity to changes in interest rates.

Duration is a measure of the sensitivity of a bond's price to changes in interest rates. It quantifies the percentage change in a bond's price for a given change in interest rates.

By using the duration of an option-free bond, an estimate of the bond's price change can be calculated. If interest rates decrease, the bond's price is expected to increase, and if interest rates increase, the bond's price is expected to decrease.

The estimate provided by duration assumes that the yield curve remains constant, there are no cash flows other than periodic coupon payments, and there is no optionality embedded in the bond. However, it's important to note that duration provides an approximation and may not capture all factors that can impact a bond's price, such as convexity or market liquidity.

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The statement "the full immunization technique is designed to work for any change in the interest rate" is True.

The full immunization technique is designed to work for any change in the interest rate by matching the duration of the bond portfolio with the investment horizon, thereby minimizing the interest rate risk.

The full immunization technique is a bond portfolio management strategy aimed at minimizing the impact of interest rate changes on a bond portfolio. It involves matching the duration of the bond portfolio with the investment horizon, ensuring that the changes in the bond prices due to interest rate fluctuations are offset by the changes in the reinvestment income. This helps in reducing the overall interest rate risk and protects the investor's principal investment.

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