Note that if Maurice Wilkins had not shown the X-ray diffraction images to James Watson, it is likely that the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA would have been delayed or made by someone else. It highlights the importance of collaboration in scientific discovery.
Who was Maurice Wilkins?Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins CBE FRSwas a British biophysicist of New Zealand origin who contributed to the scientific knowledge of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction, as well as the creation of radar.
He is well renowned for his work on the structure of DNA at King's College London.
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Why is anesthesia used while surgery? I what will happen if we don't give anesthesia before surgery ?
Answer:
Anesthesia is used because it puts people to sleep, so they don't feel pain.
If you don't use anesthesia the patient will feel the pain, but might also die.
Explanation:
hope it helps
sorry if I'm wrong
Answer:
It keeps you from feeling pain during the procedure, if anesthesia is not used on you while you're having surgery you will feel EVERYTHING, and you will not have the anesthesia's side effects! :)
Based on the narrow-sense heritability value of 0.4, do you think it would be worth doing this by artificial selection?
Heritablity value 0.4 is on average about 40% of the individual difference that we observe in , say shyness may in some way be attribute to genetic individual difference.
The value of hetitability always lies between 0 and F. Humans narrow sense of heritability is approximately 0.8. Heritability value measure the differences in people's genes account for differences in their trait. Traits can includes characteristics such as height, eye, color and intelligence as well as disorders like schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder.
It is measure that important genetics is to a trait. High heritabilty is near to 1 that is indicate that genetics explain lot of variation in trait and low heritability near zero which indicates the most of the variation is not genetic.
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Select the statement that is TRUE regarding metabolism. In anabolism, polysaccharides are turned into monosaccharides. In catabolism, complex carbs, proteins and other molecules are disassembled. In catabolism, glucose is combined to form a complex carbohydrate. In anabolism, complex carbs, proteins and other molecules are disassembled.
The statement " In catabolism complex carbohydrates, proteins, and other molecules are disassembled" is true.
The process by which relatively big molecules in living cells are broken down or degraded or disassembled is known as catabolism.
These big molecules like complex polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins and some other molecules can be disassembled into smaller molecules like glucose, nucleotides, amino acids etc.
Anabolism is a group of metabolic processes that builds compounds from smaller building blocks.
In simpler form
Catabolism : Complex molecules ----Disassembled----> Simple molecules
Anabolism : Simpler molecules ------Combined-----> Complex molecules
Anabolism is a productive metabolism, whereas catabolism is destructive.
Therefore, catabolism provides the chemical energy required for cell upkeep and growth.
Hence, The statement " In catabolism complex carbohydrates, proteins, and other molecules are disassembled" is true.
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A model cell with damaged DNA was created to explain the importance of checkpoints in a cell cycle. The G2 checkpoint accidentally failed to work during experimentation. What do you think is the likely consequence of this failure?
If the G2 phase accidentally failed to work during experimentation. The cell continued to divide uncontrollably to create more damaged cells.
G2 phase also known as growth 2 phase is the shortest phase of interphase. It is at this time that the proteins and organelles needed for cell division are created. To divide the cell in half and separate the chromosomes, the cell needs a lot of proteins and other materials. During G2/M, phospholipid metabolism ceases The G2 phase is when the organism checks to make sure that any newly formed cells are healthy. The following factors are checked at G2 phase:1. DNA damage: Particular proteins gather at the locations of DNA breaks. The cell won't divide if these proteins are present.
2. DNA replication: If not all DNA strands have been fully duplicated during DNA replication, the cell will stop dividing.
3. Evaluation of the state of the cell: Enough proteins, organelles, and other structures must be present.
Thus if the G2 phase gets damaged then the cell will divide uncontrollably to create more damaged cells.
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Benign ____________________ is an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50.
BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA(BPH) is the most common prostate problem for men older than age 50.
What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?As men age, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or enlargement of the prostate gland, becomes more prevalent. Uncomfortable urinary symptoms, such as a bladder blockage, might be brought on by an enlarged prostate gland. It may also result in issues with the kidneys, urinary system, or bladder.
Prostate gland enlargement can be effectively treated with a variety of drugs, minimally invasive therapies, and surgical procedures. Your symptoms, the size of your prostate, any additional medical conditions you may have, and your preferences will all be taken into account when deciding which choice is best for you.
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Type up your dichotomous key and answer the following questions:
Why did you choose the five identifying characteristics you used in your dichotomous key?
Was the person who you gave your key to able to accurately identify the fruit? Explain why or why not.
What two other fruits could your dichotomous key work for?
What other category of items could you create a dichotomous key for?
My dichotomous key are;
Is it fresh.Does it have an even taste.Does it have any seed.Is it soft and fluffy.Are they greenWas the person who you gave your key to able to accurately identify the fruit?Yes, and it is known to be an apple fruit.
What two other fruits could your dichotomous key work for?It could be used for a pear or a straw berry.
What other category of items could you create a dichotomous key for?I can create for a bird and animals.
What is a Dichotomous Key?This is known to be a method used to know a species by answering a number of questions that is set based on some likely features (such as physical characteristics)
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If you cross two heterozygous yy pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be the dominant color yellow?
If two heterozygous Yy pea plants are crossed, the proportion of offspring that will be the dominant color yellow is 75% or ¾.
What is heterozygous genotype?Heterozygous in genetics means that an organism has two different alleles of a given gene.
According to this question, a gene coding for pea color is involved. Yellow color is dominant over green.
This means that the yellow (dominant) color will be encoded by allele Y, while the green (recessive) color will be encoded by allele y.
Hence, if two heterozygous genotype crosses i.e. Yy × Yy, the offsprings will be as follows:
YY - yellow phenotype2 Yy - yellow phenotypeyy - green phenotypeTherefore, if two heterozygous Yy pea plants are crossed, the proportion of offspring that will be the dominant color yellow is 75% or ¾.
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The collection of organisms and their nonliving surroundings that functions as a unit is called:__________.
The collection of organisms and their nonliving surroundings that functions as a unit is called ecosystem. There are two kinds of ecosystem:
Aquatic ecosystems (ecosystems dependent on water) Terrestrial ecosystems are those found on land.Biomes are broad classifications of terrestrial ecosystems based chiefly on climate. Tropical rain forests, savannas, deserts, coniferous forests, and tundra are a few examples of nonliving surroundings in terrestrial biomes. According to the definition of an aquatic ecosystem, it is a water-based environment. Aquatic environments are of two types: marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. The organisms included different fish species, crayfish, turtles and sharks etc.
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Which process seems to be the most similar between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genetic regulation?.
Answer:
cell replication since both cells undergo cell replication and hence mitosis
There are too manh pottasium ions inside a cell.as a result, the cell membrane expands and bursts. which problem was the cell most likely having?
The problem which led to the bursting of the cell is osmosis. This is specifically due to endosmosis which occurs because the cell failed to maintain its internal environment and thus expands and bursts.
Potassium ions are essential for cellular metabolism. Potassium ions are necessary for regulation of membrane potential and polarization and depolarization of the cell membrane. If a cell has too much potassium ions, the inside of the cell becomes hypertonic, with respect to its surrounding. This destabilizes the internal environment and leads to water entering the cell(endosmosis). As endosmosis occurs the cell starts to expand due to excessive water. This leads to expansion and tears and cracks in the cell. The further expansion of the cell leads to the bursting of the cell or lysis of the cell.
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The concentration of cholesterol (C27H46O) in blood is approximately 5.0mM. How many grams of cholesterol are in 315mL of blood
The weight of cholesterol is 0.6 g.
Here use the concept of molarity.
What is molarity?
The amount of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The moles of a solute per liter of a solution is known as molarity.
Molarity = no. of moles/volume (in L)
Calculation:Given,
Molarity, M = 5.0 mM = 5 × 10⁻³ M
Volume, V = 315 mL = 315 × 10⁻³ L
To calculate,
Weight of cholesterol =?
We know that,
Molecular mass of cholesterol, C₂₇H₄₆O = 386
No. of moles = weight/ molecular mass
The formula is modified as,
Molarity = weight of cholesterol/ (molecular mass) (Volume)
Put the values in the formula,
5 × 10⁻³ = weight of cholesterol/ (386) (315 × 10⁻³)
Weight of cholesterol = 5 × 10⁻³ (386) (315 × 10⁻³)
= 0.6 g
Hence, the weight of cholesterol is 0.6 g.
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Because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, ______ does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low.
Because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, oxygen does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low.
What are hypoxia conditions?Hypoxia refers to the internal conditions where the number of oxygen molecules transported by the blood cell is abnormally low, which may trigger health problems.
Oxygen is a fundamental molecule obtained from gas exchange in the respiratory system which is required to carry out the metabolic process of cellular respiration in the cells.
In conclusion, because of its abundance in both arterial and venous systemic blood, oxygen does not affect respiration until its blood levels get abnormally low.
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Which season will the northern hemisphere experience when the axis of earth is tilted towards the sun
The summer season will be experienced by northern hemisphere when the axis of earth is tilted towards the sun.
What is Summer?This season is usually the hottest and it experiences more daylight hours than dark hours.
The hot atmospheric condition is as a result of the earth facing the sun thereby increasing its exposure to heat from it.
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Which observation is not evdience that helped identify sodium a s the early current of the action potentioa?
a. The current declined when there was decreased driving force on sodium fluxes.b. The current disappeared near the Nernst potential for sodium.c. The early current was blocked by tetrodotoxin.d. The early current was unaffected by tetraethylammonium.e. When the late current was blocked, the reversal potential of the inward current shifted to a negative membrane potential.
Option e: When the late current was blocked, the reversal potential of the inward current shifted to a negative membrane potential. This observation is not an evidence that helped identify sodium a s the early current of the action potential.
Reversal potential is the potential at which the current reverses direction: it changes from positive to negative.
During a typical action potential, the small resting ion conductance mediated by potassium channels is overwhelmed by the opening of numerous Na+ (sodium ion) channels.
This brings the membrane potential towards the reversal potential of sodium.
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______ formulated key principles of genetics before dna, genes, and chromosomes were discovered.
Gregor Mendel formulated key principles of genetics before DNA, genes, and chromosomes were discovered.
Mendel explained how features are passed down from one generation to the next and occasionally skip generations. Mendel created three laws of inheritance that characterised the transmission of genetic features through pea plant breeding before anybody knew genes even existed. Mendel's revelation significantly increased our understanding of how genes are passed down and inspired the creation of novel experimental techniques.
Mendel's laws, sometimes known as the laws of inheritance, are as follows:
Law of DominanceLaw of SegregationLaw of Independent AssortmentTo learn more about Mendel click here
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15) naturally occurring variations within a species are mainly the result of
a) dynamic equilibrium and sexual reproduction b) sexual reproduction and competition
c) sexual reproduction and mutations
d) mutations and competition
Answer:
d mutations and competition
More blood vessels are stimulated to ______ more than ______ because blood vessels contain more ______ receptors than ______ receptors.
More blood vessels are stimulated to vasoconstrict more than vasodilate because blood vessels contain more alpha receptors than beta receptors.
What is Vasoconstriction?
This is the process which involves the narrowing of the blood vessels through their muscle wall.
They contain more alpha receptors such as Alpha-adrenoceptor agonists than beta receptors which mimicks the effects of sympathetic adrenergic nerve activation to the blood vessels.
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When epiphyses fuse to the diaphyses, Group of answer choices the adolescent growth spurt begins. long bone growth is slowed. the diaphyses continue to grow but the epiphyses stop growing. full adult height is attained.
When epiphyses fuse to the diaphysis, full adult height is attained.
The epiphysis is just the round end of a very long bone, which is located at the joint with the bone that is close to it (s). The metaphysis, which includes the epiphyseal plate, can be found in the long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis (the long middle region of the long bone) (growth plate). At the joint, the epiphysis is covered by articular cartilage; below a certain covering is a zone called subchondral bone that is identical to the epiphyseal plate. The epiphysis is composed of red bone marrow, which is responsible for the production of red blood cells.
There is a developing zone of cartilage that sits between a long bone's diaphysis and both of its epiphyses (the epiphyseal plate). When a child reaches skeletal maturity, which typically occurs between the ages of 18 and 25, all of the cartilage is replaced by bone, and the diaphysis and both epiphyses become fused together (epiphyseal closure). This process involves the active osteoblasts that deposit bone structural proteins replacing the hyaline cartilage that was previously present in the epiphyseal area.
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The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. What was the algae going to be used for in order to reduce CO2 levels in the city?
The researcher in the virtual lab was using waste from a fish farm to provide nutrients for the algae. Algal growth utilizes carbon-di-oxide (CO₂) and converts it into useful byproducts thereby reducing CO₂ levels in the environment.
Feeding algae with the waste from the fish farm would enhance algal growth. Algae come under the group of organisms that are capable of performing photosynthesis.
Algae utilize CO₂ from the environment for photosynthesis and convert it into biomass and oxygen (O₂). This biomass produced can be used as an eco-friendly source of biofuel in the city.
Therefore, algae growth is utilized to trap CO₂ and replace it with O₂ in the environment.
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Identify the four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born.
The four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born are:
The first gap (G1)The synthesis (S)The second gap (G2)MWhat is a cell?A cell can be defined as simplest, basic, functional and structural unit of life
In conclusion, the four phases in the life cycle of a cell and place the events in order, starting with events that occur immediately after the cell was born are:
first gap (G1), synthesis (S) scond gap (G2) and M
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HELP ASAPPPP!!!! PLEASEEEE
While sitting on a picnic blanket at the park, Sami didn't notice ants swarming around her feet and repeatedly biting her. She became very itchy and uncomfortable. Now each time she goes to the park for a picnic, she becomes itchy and uncomfortable. What is feeling itchy and uncomfortable just by going to the park in this scenario?
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Answer:
C: Conditioned stimulus
Explanation:
Conditioned Stimulus is feeling itchy and uncomfortable just by going to the park in this scenario. So, the correct option is (C).
What is Conditioned Stimulus?A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus which can be eventually trigger a conditioned response. It is a type of learned stimulus which can eventually trigger a conditioned response.
It is repeatedly associated with an unconditioned stimulus until it acquires the ability to elicit a response which previously did not occur. In Pavlov's experiment, the sound of the bell served as the conditioned stimulus, while the salivation of the dog served as the conditioned response.
A substitute stimulus known as a conditioned stimulus causes an organism to respond in the same way which an unconditioned stimulus does.
Thus, conditioned Stimulus is feeling itchy and uncomfortable just by going to the park in this scenario. So, the correct option is (C).
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What is the product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis used for?
to synthesize glucose
to synthesize glucose
to absorb sunlight
to absorb sunlight
to generate ATP
to generate , A T P
to break down glucose
The product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is used to generate ATP
The chloroplasts' thylakoid membrane experiences a light reaction. Both cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation is involved. During the photochemical phase of photosynthesis, photophosphorylation is the process of producing ATP from ADP and H3PO4 in the presence of light and chlorophyll-a.
ATP is created during cyclic photophosphorylation, and ATP and NADPH2 are produced during non-cyclic photophosphorylation. As water is photolyzed, oxygen is also created.
Therefore, ATP, NADPH2, and O2 are the byproducts of the light process.
By releasing its phosphate groups, the coenzyme ATP helps enzymes like ATP triphosphatase transmit energy to cells.
Therefore, ATP is frequently referred to as the "energy currency of the cell" by biologists. From a biological standpoint, ATP is made up of three parts.
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Transgression of the Kaskaskia sea promoted reef formation in what is today Western Canada; which of the following statements is NOT true about these reefs.
The statement which is not true about the reefs is that they contain dinosaur fossils
What are reefs?Reefs simply refers to chain of rocks or coral near the surface of water
Some few examples of reefs are as follows:
Rainbow reefRed sea coral reefSo therefore, the statement which is not true about the reefs is that they contain dinosaur fossils
Complete question:
Transgression of the Kaskaskia sea promoted reef formation in what is today Western Canada; which of the following statements is NOT true about these reefs.
A. They contain calcium carbonate
B. They contain dinosaur fossils.
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In the forest, you observe a monkey using its tail to hold its body as it moves through the trees. This monkey must be a
Cebus and the atelines are the groups of monkey that use its tail to hold its body as it moves through the trees.
Which type of monkey use its tail for movement?Two groups of monkey that use its tail to hold its body as it moves through the trees are the Cebus and the atelines. These monkeys have a long tail which is used as hand for movement.
So we can conclude that Cebus and the atelines are the groups of monkey that use its tail to hold its body as it moves through the trees.
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In a test-cross, an individual that exhibits a dominant trait but has an unknown genotype is mated with an individual that is homozygous recessive.
To assess if an organism expressing a dominant characteristic is homozygous or heterozygous, a test cross can be used.
Back crosses are made between F1 generation plants and any of the parent plants, whereas test cross is made between F1 generation plants with dominant phenotypes and the homozygous recessive parent.
The phenotypes of the children can be used to identify the unknown genotype. If combining the recessive phenotype individual with the unknown dominant phenotype (PP or Pp genotype) results in solely dominant phenotypes (no recessive), then the unknown individual is homozygous dominant.
No matter if you are examining one gene or several genes, test crosses work on the same principle: you are pairing a person with a dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype with a person who is homozygous recessive for all relevant genes.
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Why did Eric Kandel get the Nobel Prize for poking sea slugs?
Aplysia cortex is exceptionally easy to study
He characterized the whole molecular genome of the aplysia, which proved invaluable for making it a model organism
He discovered the physical underpinnings of a behavior
Aplysia feature the strongest neurons in the animal kingdom
Eric Kandel get the Nobel Prize for poking sea slugs because Aplysia cortex is exceptionally easy to study.
Kandel's work with Aplysia, or more particularly, his study on the biological principles of memory preservation, earned him the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Because of its basic neural system, which allows individual sensory neurons (which detect changes) to only create synapses with single motor neurons, the Aplysia sea slug's reflexes are frequently employed to study memory (which control muscles).The biggest benefit of Aplysia is its enormous neurons, which make it easier to conduct studies on physiology, biochemistry, and genomics at the level of individual cells and their compartments.Because Aplysia has a basic neural system with individual sensory neurons (which only sense changes) it is frequently used to investigate memory.learn more about Aplysia here: https://brainly.com/question/14441890
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what element DOES NOT make up amino acids
The elements that make up amino acids are as follows:
NitrogenHydrogenOxygen CarbonWhat is an amino acid?Amino acid is the basic and structural unit of polypeptides and proteins.
The amino acid has a general structure made up of the following:
Amine group = NH2Carboxyl group = COOHR groupTherefore, it can be said that the elements that make up amino acids are as follows:
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When carbohydrate supplies are depleted in cells, amino acids from proteins can enter aerobic respiration after ______ is removed from the amino acids and excreted.
When carbohydrate supplies are depleted in cells, amino acids from proteins can enter aerobic respiration after nitrogen is removed from the amino acids and excreted.
Before proteins from food can be utilized by your cells, your body must first break them down into amino acids.
Some amino acids will be broken down for energy through cellular respiration if there are more amino acids than the body requires or if cells are starved.
Amino acids must first have their amino group removed in order to enter cellular respiration.
As a waste product from this process, ammonia is produced. In mammals like humans, the ammonia is transformed to urea and eliminated from the body through urine.
Different amino acids enter the cellular respiration pathways at various stages after being deaminated.
Hence, when carbohydrate supplies are depleted in cells, amino acids from proteins can enter aerobic respiration after nitrogen is removed from the amino acids and excreted.
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What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes? what are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes?
Temperature, humidity and elevation are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes.
A region of land with a similar climate and comparable plant and animal communities is referred to as a terrestrial biome. Different terrestrial biomes are typically described in terms of the trees, shrubs, and grasses that inhabit them.The Terrestrial biome type is influenced by variables including latitude, humidity, and elevation:A Terrestrial biome's latitude indicates how far it is from the equator. You will find the Arctic, boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical biomes as you move from the poles to the equatorThe amount of water in the air is known as humidity. Humid air is defined as having a high concentration of water vapor. The biomes will be referred to as semi-humid, semi-arid, or arid as we move away from the most humid environment (the driest).Elevation refers to the elevation of land above sea level. It becomes chilly.
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Gelatin is a solid that can strengthen protein networks. How would yogurt that contains gelatin be different from yogurt that does not contain gelatin
Gelatin-containing yogurt has a thicker consistency than gelatin-free yogurt.
What is gelatin?Gelatin is a proteoglycan that is made from boiling tendons. Gelatin is used as a thickening agent. It is usually obtained from cows or pigs.
It is an animal protein substance having gel-forming properties, used primarily in food products and home cookery, and also has various industrial uses.
The hydrolysis of gelatin, an irreversibly hydrolyzed form of collagen, converts protein fibrils into smaller peptides, whose molecular weights can vary widely depending on the physical and chemical processes used for denaturation. Ice cream, dips, yogurt, most gummy candies, and gelatin desserts all include gelatin. Gelatin is available in powder, granules, and sheets for use in cooking. Some instant varieties can be put into the cuisine right away, while others need to soak in water first.
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