Los Angeles is a classic example of an air quality problem, and it is also the place where scientists and municipal authorities discovered the exact nature of this phenomenon.
Los Angeles is well-known for its air quality issues, particularly its problem with smog. The city's unique geographic and meteorological conditions, combined with high population density and heavy traffic, have contributed to the formation of smog and other air pollutants. Los Angeles has served as a classic example of the challenges associated with urban air pollution.
In response to these air quality issues, scientists and municipal authorities in Los Angeles have conducted extensive research and implemented measures to understand and address the problem. Through their studies, they were able to identify the exact nature of the phenomenon, including the formation of photochemical smog, which occurs when sunlight interacts with pollutants emitted from vehicle exhaust and industrial sources.
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The moment magnitude is based on the ___________ and ___________ of the earthquake.
The moment magnitude is based on the amplitude and displacement of the earthquake.
An earthquake's magnitude can be determined in a variety of ways. The amplitude of seismic waves measured by seismometers serves as the basis for the majority of scales. Since these scales take into consideration the distance between the earthquake and the seismometer used to record it, the computed magnitude should be roughly the same everywhere it is observed. A different scale is based on the size of the earthquake fault physically and the quantity of slip that took place. Intensity measurements for earthquake shaking are also available. From one earthquake's epicenter to another, its intensity varies substantially.
Because it can be used globally and covers a greater range of earthquake sizes, the moment magnitude scale, abbreviated MW, is recommended nowadays. On the total moment release of the earthquake, the moment magnitude scale is based. Moment is a function of the fault's movement's distance and the force needed to move it. It is produced from earthquake recordings made at various places using modelling. For mild to big earthquakes, Richter magnitudes and moment magnitude estimations are similar.
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Why does the intensity of solar radiation striking earth's surface change when the sun angle changes?
When solar radiation strikes Earth at lower angles, it is more dispersed and less intense, while when it strikes Earth at higher angles, it is more concentrated and intense.
When the Sun's rays hit Earth at greater angles, their courses are shorter; when they hit Earth at lower angles, their paths are longer. The amount of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface is lessened by these longer pathways.
The irradiance incident on an absorbing surface has the largest power density when the Sun's beams are perpendicular to that surface. The intensity of light on the surface decreases as the angle between the sun and the absorbing surface varies.
The intensity of light decreases to zero when the surface is parallel to the sun's beams (making the angle from perpendicular to the surface 90°). This is because the surface is not hit by the light.
The angle between the Sun's beams and the direct normal (or perpendicular) to the surface is, and the relative power density at intermediate angles is cos(), where is the angle.
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The major difference between oceanic-oceanic convergence and oceanic-continential convergence is that?
At a convergent margin, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, driving the oceanic plate under the continental plate and destroying it. This is the main distinction between oceanic-oceanic convergence and oceanic-continental convergence. At the convergent boundaries, the continental plates thicken and migrate outward. The thickness of continental plates is much greater than that of oceanic plates.
This is further explained below.
What are continental plates?Generally, The North American Plate is an example of a continental plate since it encompasses not only North America but also the oceanic crust that lies between it and a piece of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This makes the North American Plate both continental and oceanic plate.
In conclusion, The most significant distinction between oceanic-oceanic convergence and oceanic-continental convergence is that at a convergent margin, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, burying the oceanic plate beneath the continental plate and obliterating it in the process. Oceanic-oceanic convergence occurs when two oceanic plates collide with each other. The continental plates are pushed further apart from one other, and the margins where they converge get thicker.
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when considering evidence of glaciation on the southern continents why did wegener reject the explanation that the entire planet had experienced a period of extreme cooling and was covered in glaciers 250 million years ago
Because geologic evidence supported the existence of tropical swamps in the Northern Hemisphere
Subtropical / tropical wetlands are wetlands found along the coasts of subtropical or tropical regions. The Everglades in Florida, for example, is a well-known example of subtropical wetlands. These wetlands are often, but not always, dominated by mangrove trees. The
Northern Hemisphere includes North America, northern South America, Europe, the northern two-thirds of Africa, and much of Asia. The Southern Hemisphere includes most of South America, Africa, Australia, one-third of Antarctica, and some Asian islands.
The Northern Hemisphere refers to half of the planets north of the equator, and the Southern Hemisphere includes all planets south of the equator. Some continents pass through both hemispheres, but Europe and North America are all in the northern hemisphere.
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If a clock on a ship indicates that it is 2:00 P.M. in its home port, while another clock on the ship indicates that it is 12:00 noon at the ship's present location, what is the difference in longitude between the ship's position and its home port
The longitudinal system establishes a distance -in degrees- from the Greenwich Meridian to any random point on the Earth's surface. Option D: The ship is 30 degrees west of its home port.
What is the longitudinal system?The longitudinal system is a way to measure the distance in degrees between a random point on the Earth's surface and the Greenwich Meridian.
The Greenwich Meridian divides the Earth's surface into two halves.
The half on the left is the Eastern Longitude (oriental hemisphere)The half on the right is the Western Longitude (occidental hemisphere)
The Greenwich Meridian is always at 0º longitude.
Hence, longitude is always measured from the Greenwich Meridian to the west or the east.
There is a relationship we can establish between time and longitude to determine the distance in degrees or in hours between two points on the Earth's surface.
We know that the Earth completes a whole spin equal 360º in 24 hours. So, the relationship between time and degrees is as follows,
24 hours / 360º = 1hour / 15º.
If we know the difference in time between one point and the other one, we can calculate the distance in degrees between these two point.
In the exposed example,
Home port ⇒ 2:00 P.M ⇒ 14:00Ship's position ⇒ 12:00Difference in time ⇒ 14:00 - 12:00 = 2 hours
Now, we can calculate the distance in degrees by using the previous relationship,
1 hour ------------- 15º
2 hours----------- X = 30º
Since this relationship is concernig the Greenwich Meridian, the difference in longitude between the ship's position and its home port is 30º West.
Option D is correct. The ship is 30 degrees west of its home port.
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The united states experiences eruptions two or three times a year. where do most of them occur?
The United States experiences eruptions two or three times a year. Most of them occur in Alaska.
A volcanic eruption refers to the situation where magma is released from a volcano. Volcanic eruptions can be explosive and very dangerous. These eruptions produce lava flows, ash and pyroclastic density currents. destructive. People have died from volcanic blasts. Volcanic eruptions can cause severe threats to health through activities like floods, mudslides, power outages, drinking water contamination, and many more hazardous situations.
More than 1,500 volcanoes have erupted in the past 10,000 years. And among these, about 10 percent have been found occurring in the United States. Most of these volcanoes are found in the Alaska Peninsula.
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2 Is the role of agriculture in South Africa's economy declining? Discuss this, quoting figures and giving your own views. 3x2=6
Answer:
yes they are
Explanation:
because there are low agricultural people
Essay Question- Lesson 12 - Compare and contrast the features of the east and west coasts of the United States. What erosional and depositional features are more common on each coastline
The East and Gulf Coasts are submerged and therefore depositional, but the West Coast is emergent and consequently erosive. When contrasting the east and west coasts of the United States, there are numerous different elements to take into account.
Compare and contrast the features of the east and west coasts of the United States?The west coast is mostly an emergent coastline, whilst the east coast is primarily a submerging coastline. This is one way that the two differ from one another. Wave-cut cliffs and platforms above sea level, which are regularly seen in California, are indicators of emerging coastlines. On the other hand, submerged coastlines are identified by drowned river mouths and other submergence indicators typically found in Maine. Even if these are the 're center' histories, both coasts have undoubtedly undergone numerous periods of emergence and submergence.
While depositional coasts are characterized by significant long-term sediment buildup, erosional coasts are those with little to no sediment. Each of these coastal kinds may experience variations in both time and place. Usually, erosive beaches have considerable relief and steep terrain.
What erosional and depositional features are more common on each coastline?Depositional Feature:
Depositional landforms are the physical manifestation of processes that deposit rocks or sediments after they have been carried there by gravity, wind, or flowing water. Beaches, deltas, glacial moraines, sand dunes, and salt domes are a few examples.
Erosional Feature:
Erosional landforms are any of the various landforms that have been produced on the earth's surface as a result of erosion. Erosion-related landforms include valleys, potholes, river terraces, and embedded Meanders.
Erosional features, such as valleys, are those that remain after sediment has been removed. River deltas and other depositional landforms are created from sediments that are transported from their eroding source and dropped.
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There are two ideas about how the Earth was formed. __________ is the idea that geologic processes operating today are the same as those that happened in the past, while __________ is the idea that features were created by biblical disasters.
Uniformitarianism states that geologic processes today are the same as in the past, while Catastrophism states that features were created by biblical disasters.
What is Uniformitarianism?Uniformitarianism is a model based on scientific data that states geological mechanisms have shaped the Earth.
Conversely, Catastrophism is not based on scientific evidence but on religious beliefs.
In conclusion, Uniformitarianism states that geologic processes today are the same as in the past, while Catastrophism states that features were created by biblical disasters.
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Uniformitarianism is the idea that geologic processes operating today
Catastrophism is the idea that features were created by biblical disasters
Uniformitarianism vs Catastrophism ?
Uniformitarianism is a model which is based on scientific data stating that the Earth has been shaped through geological mechanisms. While Catastrophism is a model which based on religious beliefs on the formation of the earth.
We can conclude that Uniformitarianism is the idea that geologic processes operating today while Catastrophism is the idea that features were created by biblical disasters
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Nageria
a. What type of biomes are found in the lowland areas? note that there are three biomes you should be naming for this answer.
b. What type of biomes are found in the higher elevations? Note that you should be naming at least two biomes for this answer.
c. What biomes have the highest population density?
d. What biome exists in Plateau State(which is named after the Jos Plateau)?
The drop-downs to the biome in the country includes:
tropical and subtropical forests tundra biometropical forest biomegrasslands and shrublandsWhat is a biomes?This refers to the community of plants & animals that occur naturally and are often shares some common characteristics specific to that area.
Some examples of biomes includes tundra, taiga, grasslands, savannas, deserts, tropical forests etc.
What type of biomes are found in the lowland areas?A tropical and subtropical forests are the type of biomes found in the lowland areas.
What type of biomes are found in the higher elevations?The tundra biome are the most type of biomes found in the higher elevations.
What biomes have the highest population density?The tropical forest biome have the highest population density as it is estimated to contain over half of the terrestrial species on Earth.
What biome exists in Plateau State?A grasslands and shrublands are the biome that exists in Plateau State
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A rapid downslope movement of rocks and broken rock fragments is called a?
Answer:
Rock avalanche.
Explanation:
The very rapid downslope movement of rock and debris. These rapid movements may be aided by a later of air trapped beneath the debris, and they have been known to reach speeds in excess of 200 kilometers per hour. rockslides. Blocks of bedrock break loose and slide down a slope.
What part of the 500mb trough (back, front, middle) do we observe the greatest amount of precipitation at the earth’s surface?
The majority of surface storms and precipitation occur over terrain downstream of troughs (following the horizontal wind direction from a trough to a ridge). In this pattern, a very powerful ridge is located over the state of Alaska, a deep trough is located over Arizona in the western United States.
More than 200 inches of precipitation fall annually on coastal mountain ranges in the southeast Panhandle, compared to 60 inches south of the Alaska Range, 12 inches in the Interior, and less than 6 inches on the North Slope.
Smaller-scale weather phenomena, such as the migration of surface low pressure zones, the motion of hurricanes, and the motion of individual thunderstorm cells, can be significantly influenced by the 500 mb winds. Because it is located in the centre of the atmosphere, meteorologists consider this characteristic to be crucial. The height at which the pressure is 500 mb is known as the 500 mb height. There is low pressure at the surface when the 500mb height is low, and high pressure there when the 500mb height is high.
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A strip of land separating two parcels that are zoned differently, such as undeveloped land separating a shopping center from a residential neighborhood is called a _______.
How far back in history would scientists need to use models to describe Earth's systems?
a) 1000 years
b)2500 years
c)5000 years
d)200 years
In order to model the Earth's systems, scientists would have to go back c. 5,000 years.
How far back do models on Earth go?Earth System Models are used to check the interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere amongst others.
These systems go back 5,000 years because the Earth has been around for millions of years and there is a need to go as far back as possible.
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The long-term study of an earthwork constructed at Overton Down, England, as experimental archaeology indicates that
The long-term study of an earthwork constructed at Overton Down, England, as experimental archaeology indicates that a preservation is better in the chalk bank, and preservation of leather and pottery was unchanged after four years.
What is Overton Down ?Overton Down Experimental Earthwork (frequently cited really as Overton Down) is a long-time period undertaking in experimental archaeology in Wiltshire, England. In 1960 an earthwork changed into constructed to simulate such historical structures. Various gadgets had been positioned in it. Since then, periodic examinations of the site were made, presenting precious insights into taphonomy. The test is designed to preserve for 128 years.
Reports on diverse elements of the site page have already brought considerably to the information of archaeological site page formation. Early withinside the undertaking's history, the complexity of stratification of degraded ditch partitions and their asymmetrical person changed into mentioned and examined.
The excavation after thirty- years supplied statistics on decay prices and styles of deposited gadgets, which might be of use to forensic scientists. Nonintrusive exam of the trench has indicated that during this specific environment (uncovered chalky hill), after approximately ten years the overall look now no longer makes fast adjustments in look and may be taken into consideration pretty stable.
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When deep-water waves travel away from a storm, the longer waves move faster than the shorter waves. this process is called sorting, or ________.
Answer:
Dispersion
Explanation:
__________ is a depression in earth's surface that results from weathering of carbonate rock.
The Karst process is a depression on the earth's surface that results from weathering of carbonate rock.
A karst landscape is one in which sinkholes, sinking streams, caverns, springs, and other distinctive characteristics have been produced as a result of the bedrock's erosion. Karst is connected to soluble rock types like gypsum, marble, and limestone.
Karst or karst topography refers to distinctive landforms and drainage patterns that usually arise in temperate to tropical regions, however, they can also be found in the desert and polar areas.
The ability of karst landscapes to absorb carbon dioxide makes them crucial for the climate. They give people around the world access to drinking water through their intricate underwater infrastructure.
Asia has the biggest percentage of karst in the world, with more than eight million square kilometers.
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Final warming during the Late Paleocene led to the warmest climate in the past 65 million years. This rapid warming about 55 million years ago was likely caused by the melting of
Final warming during the Late Paleocene led to the warmest climate in the past 65 million years. This rapid warming about 55 million years ago was likely caused by the melting of methane hydrates.
Global temperatures have risen by 5-8°C. The onset of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum is associated with volcanic activity and uplift associated with the North Atlantic magmatic region, causing extreme changes in the global carbon cycle and significant increases in temperature.
A period of severe global warming 55 million years ago was caused by not one but two injections of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The rate of increase suggests that ancient warming events could have important lessons for today's climate.
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What planet can come closest to the earth in its orbit and look brightest in our skies?
Venus can come closest to the earth in its orbit and look brightest in our skies.
Venus is extremely bright because it is the nearest planet to Earth and because most of the sunlight that reaches it (about 70%) is reflected back into space by its thick clouds. The brightest object in the sky, Venus is frequently seen within a few hours after sunset or before sunrise.
The Earth and Venus is 38 million kilometres away at the closest point of opposition. This is the planet's closest approach to Earth. Venus has never travelled more than 261 million kilometres from Earth. the fact that the distance between Venus and Earth may change by a staggering 223 million kilometres.
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Pressurized fluid injected into a well is used in a mining process called:___.
a. fracking.
b. injection molding.
c. heap-leach extraction.
d. placer mining.
Pressurized fluid injected into a well is used in a mining process called a. fracking.
Hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking” as it is more commonly known, is just a small part of a broader process of unconventional development. of Oil and Natural, Gas Fracking is a proven drilling technique for extracting oil, natural gas, geothermal energy or water from deep underground. It releases oil resources by injecting fluid into the shale formation under high pressure.
It takes far less energy to make metal products from scrap metal than to mine new metal ore. The "Ring of Fire" is the source of more earthquakes and volcanic activity than anywhere else on Earth.
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Describe how the size and color of granite sediments change when they are exposed to rain and wind?
The most crucial component of sediment movement is water flow, commonly referred to as water discharge. Sediment is gathered, transported, and dumped in a canal by the flow of water. Sediment may remain suspended as well as settle out in the absence of flow, but it would not migrate downstream.
Chemical weathering of granite occurs when dilute carbonic acid, and other acids present in rain and soil waters, alter feldspar in a process called hydrolysis. Weathering is a time period which describes the overall procedure via way of means of which rocks are damaged down on the Earth’s floor into things like sediments, clays, soils and materials which might be dissolved in water.
The procedure of weathering usually starts off evolved while the earth’s crust is uplifted via way of means of tectonic forces. After the bodily breakup and chemical decay of uncovered rocks via way of means of weathering, the loosened rock fragments and changes merchandise are over excited via the procedure of erosion.
Erosion is based on transporting dealers consisting of wind, rivers, ice, snow and downward motion of substances to hold weathered merchandise far away from the supply area. As weathered merchandise are over excited, clean rocks are uncovered to in addition weathering. Over time, that mountain or hill is step by step worn down.
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A divergent plate boundary is most likely associated with a(n) Group of answer choices oceanic trench. mountain belt or island arc. mid-ocean ridge. None of these.
We would most likely find a divergent plate boundary in a mid-ocean ridge,
What is a divergent plate boundary?This is a plate boundary that forms as a result of forces of tension pulling plates apart.
This is the reason why mid-ocean ridges are formed so we are most likely to find a divergent plate boundary there.
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A river __________ when the rate of flow in the river is higher than its ability to contain it.
A river overflows when the rate of flow in the river is higher than its ability to contain it.
There are instances when a particular location has more flow than its ability to contain it naturally. It leads to a flood. Flooding can also result from combinations of variables including exceptionally heavy rains. For instance, when paired with strong rain, heavy snow melt, saturated terrain, extremely high tides, and drainage changes can cause flooding.
The Three Most Common Types of Flood:
Floods in rivers happen when water levels rise above the banks of a river as a result of a lot of rain.Larger bodies of water frequently have coastal floods, which typically happen when the tide is extremely high.An enormous volume of rain in a brief period of time causes a flash flood (usually within 6 hours).To learn more about flood, refer
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A husband and wife have normal vision, although both of the couple's fathers are red-green color-blind, an inherited X-linked recessive condition.
The probabilities are given below:
The probability that the first son is normal is 1/4probability first daughter is normal = 1/2Probability = 1/4How to solve for the probabilityFor females we have the following data
50% = normal, 50% = carriers; 100%= normal vision
50% males = color blind ;50% = normal
a.The probability of having a normal first sonp(first son) = ½
Prob( normal)= ½
=½ x ½
= 1/4 0r 0.25
b . probability first daughter is normalProbability of the first being a girl = ½
Prob(normal ) = 1
½ x 1 = 1/2
c. color blind
= 1/2 x 1/2
= 1/4
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Complete question
A husband and wife have normal vision, although both of the couple's fathers are red–green color-blind, an inherited X-linked recessive condition.
A)What is the probability that the couple's first child will be a normal son? Enter your answer as a fraction
B)What is the probability that the couple's first child will be a normal daughter? Enter your answer as a fraction
What is the probability that the couple's first child will be a color-blind son?
Please help fast Using four or more complete sentences, explain why new technologies are making physical features less of a challenge when creating and changing national boundaries.
New technologies reduce the challenges of physical functions creating boundaries. Many new techniques have been developed to overcome these barriers. Mountain ranges, for example, were once impassable barriers. Now we have the technology to fly over and through the mountains.
We have developed a heating and cooling system that allows us to live in extreme climates such as the desert and the Arctic Circle. We are also building dams that can live near water sources and store water where water is scarce. These technologies allow people to create barriers for political reasons rather than physical challenges.
By 2022, multi-core will be everywhere, from wearable systems and smartphones to cameras, games, cars, cloud servers, and exa-supercomputers.
Silicon Photonics is a fundamental technology for addressing bandwidth, latency, and power challenges in the construction of high-end systems.
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Moving freshwater that carries sediments from land toward the ocean can be classified as?
Moving freshwater that carries sediments from land toward the ocean can be classified as estuary.
Sediment is a substance that is formed when rocks are broken down by weathering and erosion processes and then moved by the force of gravity acting on the particles or by the action of wind, water, or ice. Sediments can be classified on the basis of its size of grain, shape of grain, and composition.
Estuaries and the wetlands that surrounds them are bodies of water usually found where rivers meet the sea. An estuary is a coastal water body where freshwater from rivers and streams mixes with salt water from the ocean.
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If you were to travel to a new location you would need to find information about it before you go this is an example of?
The first thing i want to know about new location is "what type of language do they speak?"
A person can move from one point to another and back again when traveling, whether they do it on foot, by bicycle, car, rail, boat, bus, airline, ship, or by another mode of transportation, with or without luggage.Basically, when we travel to another place, such as another country, state, continent, etc., we encounter various personal barriers.Before we travel, it is crucial that we ask ourselves critical questions since they will enable us to plan well for the obstacle.Advantage of travelling -You learn new things from it. You participate in various activities and even get to sample dishes you've never tried before. In general, traveling broadens your perspectives and cultivates a more receptive perspective on life and the planet we inhabit.
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What would happen to the oceans if surface runoff and groundwater flow did not occur?
Answer:
THEN, SURELY THE OCEANS WILL BECOME SMALLER.
please vote me with 5 STARS...:)
Failing to treat sewage often results in __________. A. air pollution B. water pollution C. deforestation D. desertification
Answer:
desertification is the right ans
Please help!!
Calculate the average population density for South Africa. Use these figures: Area: 1 219 090 km²; Population: 50 000 000 (2012)
Based on South Africa's population and its area, the average population density would be 41 people per square kilometer
What was South Africa's population density in 2012?Population density can be found by:
= Population of area / Area
Solving gives:
= 50,000,000 / 1,219,090
= 41 people per square kilometer
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