Discrete age-structured models are used to describe population dynamics in which individuals are classified into discrete age groups. These models assume that individuals remain in their respective age groups until they reach the next age class.
However, in reality, individuals do not age instantaneously and continuously, but rather undergo a gradual aging process. Continuous age-structured models are used to account for this fact.In continuous age-structured models, age is treated as a continuous variable rather than a discrete one. Instead of dividing individuals into discrete age groups, the population is described by a continuous age distribution function that describes the proportion of individuals of each age. The population is then modeled using partial differential equations.
The major assumptions of continuous age-structured models include:
Age-specific survival and reproduction rates are continuous functions of age.
Age-specific fecundity rates are constant over time.
The population is closed, meaning that there is no migration or emigration.
There is no age-specific density dependence, meaning that the population is not limited by resource availability.
The age distribution is stable over time, meaning that it does not change in response to changes in population size or other environmental factors.
These assumptions allow for a simplified but accurate representation of population dynamics, which can be used to study the effects of various factors on population growth and stability.
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If everyone on the planet used the same amount of resources as an average American, what percent of the Earth would need to be used to support everyone
If everyone on the planet used the same amount of resources as an average American, four Earths would be needed to sustain them.
What are Resources?These are the materials available in the environment which add quality and value to our life.
The earth comprises of resources which is limited and is therefore the reason why four earth will be needed to sustain them if everyone used the same amount.
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What potential outcomes are possible after replication in a dna molecule with a depurination modification that is left unrepaired?
Depurination is a spontaneous chemical processes that is known to cause the most severe DNA damage in cells. DNA can be depurinated to liberate guanine and adenine.
The DNA molecule either has the typical sequence or lacks one nucleotide pair. A daughter DNA molecule can be produced during the replication of a double-stranded DNA molecule that has experienced depurination on an A or G nucleotide on one of the strands, depending on whether the sequence is normal or not. The replication machinery can simply skip over the depurinated base and go to the following nucleotide on the strand that contains the damaged nucleotide, generating a daughter DNA molecule that is missing that entire nucleotide pair. Since the sequence is unaltered on the other DNA strand, a normal, complementary daughter strand is created during replication, resulting in a double-stranded DNA with all of its typical properties. It's crucial to keep in mind that a cell's regular DNA machinery.learn more about depurination here: https://brainly.com/question/23189187
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What factor determines when an animal species will enter an ecosystem in succession?
The actual species involved in a succession in a particular area are controlled by such factors as the geology and history of the area, the climate, microclimate, weather, soil type and other environmental factors.
The factors that determine when an animal species will enter an ecosystem in succession are weather, climate, soil, and environmental factors.
What is succession?Ecological succession is the operation of change in an ecological community's species composition over time. The time frame can be many decades or less or more.
The process by which a region's species and habitat mix evolve over time is called ecological succession. The biotic and climatic variables that might wipe out a region's population are the fundamental causes of ecological succession. Climate influences are present in wind, fire, soil erosion, and natural disasters.
Thus, weather, climate, soil, and environmental conditions all play a role in determining when an animal species will successively enter an ecosystem.
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Basil metabolism is responsible for what percentage of calories used by the body?.
The basal metabolism is responsible for 60% of calories used by the body.
Basal metabolism can be defined as the rate of energy usage by the body at a state of rest. This metabolism is essential to maintain vital functions of the body. These vital mechanisms include functions like cellular respiration, breathing, blood circulation and pumping of the heart. These functions include mechanisms of the body that are mostly involuntary. The maximum energy expenditure of of the body occurs while the body undergoes basal metabolism. Basal metabolism rate is a trait which is flexible and does not require monitoring by other systems in the body. Basal metabolism is also responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the body. Basal metabolism uses calories stored in the body to carry out vital functions.
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The infectious cycles of enveloped animal viruses and temperate bacteriophages are most similar because:_______
The infectious cycles of enveloped animal viruses and temperate bacteriophages are most similar because infected cells can live for a prolonged period of time.
What is an infectious cycle?An infectious cycle can be defined as the cell life cycle of an infectious microorganism such as bacteria and also viral entities.
Viruses such as bacteriophages are not classified as true living organisms because they need suitable host cells to propagate (survival and reproduction), but the viral cycle is also sensitive to suitable conditions.
In conclusion, the infectious cycles of enveloped animal viruses and temperate bacteriophages are most similar because infected cells can live for a prolonged period of time.
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In the context of joint mobilization techniques, for what are inferior femoral glides at 90 degrees of hip flexion used?
Hip Inferior Glide is used to improve hip flexion. The technique is performed in supine with the hip flexed to 90°.
This technique can be used for decreasing muscle spasm or pain, and is also useful to increase accessory joint movement for flexion and abduction movements.
By performing the therapy the clinician’s hands can be clasped at the superior proximal femur or a mobilization strap can be used to enhance grip and reduce sliding on subject's skin. The clinician can simply lean back to impart an inferior force to the femur with a counterforce of the shoulder on the distal femur.
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What is diffusion on
Answer:
diffusion is process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Explanation:
A familiar example is the perfume of a flower that quickly permeates the still air of a room. ion diffusion across a semipermeable membrane.
The function of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is to: Prevent food and liquid from entering the larynx Provide support for the larynx Provide support for the thyroid Separate the lungs in the chest cavity
The function of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is to: Provide support for the larynx.
The tough and elastic tissue frames the forward portion of the larynx (voice box). It upholds and safeguards the vocal cords and makes an individual's voice. The thyroid cartilage likewise shapes Adam's apple, which appears as a lump on the front of the neck.
This cartilage is the biggest of these ligaments. It encompasses the front of the voice box and windpipe. It is framed by two laminae (plates of cartilage) that are melded at the front - this structures the V-Shaped thyroid notch of the Adam's Apple. Throat cartilage is more prominent in men than females and serves as a defensive capability. Thyroid Cartilage is adaptable and furthermore serves as a protective function structure inside the Larynx.
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Explain why the simplest drawing to model the principle of independent assortment requires four chromosomes, but the simplest drawing to model the principle of segregation requires only two chromosomes
Independent assortment involves the independent segregation of the alleles of two separate genes on separate chromosomes.
What is the Principle of independent assortment How is it related to the Principle of segregation?
Understanding the law of segregation is necessary before defining independent assortment. According to the law of segregation, individual gamete cells receive two distinct, independently sorted genes during meiosis. On the other side, the random separation of the maternal and paternal DNA allows for a greater variety of genes.
Independent assortment refers to the independent segregation of two different genes' alleles on two different chromosomes. As a result, to create the simplest model of independent assortment, at least 4 chromosomes must be represented as two homologous pairs. On the other hand, only the two chromosomes of one homologous pair need to be drawn because segregation takes into account the separation of the two copies of a single gene carried on a single type of chromosome.
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Most gastric ulcers are caused by _____________.
a. excessive mental stress
b. overuse of aspirin and /or ibuprofen
c. overconsumption of alcohol
d. bacteria
Most of the gastric ulcers are caused by bacteria.
A sore when forms on the oesophageal, stomach, or small intestine lining. When stomach acid affects the lining of the digestive tract, ulcers develop. It is referred into three distinct ulcers-
An ulcer on the lining of the stomach or the first section of small intestine is referred to as a peptic ulcer.A gastric ulcer is referred to as such if it develops in stomach. Duodenal ulcers are those that occur in the duodenum.The causative agents of ulcer-
The majority of ulcers are brought on by an infection with the bacteria or germ H. pylori. The mucus that covers the lining of your stomach and the first portion of your small intestine is damaged by this bacteria (the duodenum)Another major reason are NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These include over-the-counter painkillers and antipyretics such aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxenLifestyle factors such as stress and alcohol consumptionThe answer to the most causative factor for gastric ulcer is d) bacteria.
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Identify the highlighted artery. Identify the highlighted artery. right coronary marginal circumflex left coronary
Highlighted artery is right coronary.
What is artery?The blood channels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body's tissues are called arteries. Each artery consists of three layers and is a muscular tube bordered by smooth tissue. The endothelium, a smooth tissue, lines the intima, the inner layer.Blood is transported from your heart through arteries.All body parts have arteries, with the exception of the hair, nails, epidermis, cartilages, and cornea. In the limbs, they run along the flexor surface, where they are less vulnerable to injury, and the larger trunks typically occupy the most protected positions.A conduit that carries blood from the heart to the body's extremities is called an artery. Every artery, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carries oxygenated blood. The ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta are the four divisions of the aorta, which is the biggest artery in the body.
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_____________ is the idea that an organ or device that evolved for one purpose was available to be used for another purpose.
Explanation:
the evolution is the idea that an organ or device that evolved for one purpose was available to be used for Another purpose
The novel Parkinson's disease linked mutation G51D attenuates in vitro aggregation and membrane binding of alpha-synuclein, and enhances its secretion and nuclear localization in cells
PD linked mutation may cause neurodegeneration via different mechanism.
What is Novel Parkinson's disease linked mutation ?A novel mutation in the α-Synuclein (α-Syn) gene "G51D" was recently identified in two familial cases exhibiting features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA)
the G51D mutation significantly attenuates α-Syn aggregation in vitro.it disrupts local helix formation in the presence of SDS, decreases binding to lipid vesicles C-terminal to the site of mutation and severely inhibits helical folding in the presence of acidic vesicles.Learn more about Novel Parkinson's disease here:
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A simple protein that makes up approximately 58% of the plasma proteins. Many act as transport molecules.
Albumin
These are the most abundant and form about 60% of all plasma proteins. They contribute to osmotic pressure, help to control water balance and are involved in the transport of substances in blood including drugs.
What is Plasma protein ?Plasma protein is the collective term for the proteins present in the blood.
Plasma proteins fall into several different groups and have numerous functions, including maintaining osmotic pressure, and transporting lipids, hormones, vitamins, and minerals.Immunoglobulins help fight infection and various other small amounts of enzymes, hormones, and vitamins.Learn more about Plasma protein here:
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If you took laboratory syringe setup outside in the summer or put it in the refrigerator, would Boyle's law be able to adequately describe what would happen to the volume of the system quizlet
Yes, boyle's law would be able to describe the volume of the system.
what is boyle's law ?
Boyle's law, also known as Mariotte's law. The pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature, according to this empirical equation, which was established by the physicist Robert Boyle in 1662. In equation form, this implies that pv = k, a constant.
Boyle's law syringe experiment
Through the opening at the syringe's tip, air can be let out. Yet, the air cannot flow after you cover the syringe with your finger. The air in the balloon compresses or loses volume as you push down on the plunger to increase the air pressure.
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How would a biologist explain how an animal became well camouflaged to its environment?
More camouflaged individuals have the better chances of survival until all the individuals that remain are all well camouflaged.
What s natural selection?The term natural selection implies that organisms that we well adapted to their environment tend to survive better and have the opportunity to reproduce. This is based on the principle of the survival of the fittest.
These organisms tend to pass on these favorable traits to their offspring and thus the gene pool is changed as only the organisms that have these favorable genes remain.
If camouflage helps an organism to survive better in its habitat, then it follows that more camouflaged individuals have the better chances of survival until all the individuals that remain are all well camouflaged.
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Global warming would be an example of ___ factor in a firm's external environment.
Global warming would be an example of ecological factor in a firm's external environment.
Companies' responses have varied as a result of climate change emerging as one of the most significant challenges and causing increased uncertainty in the business community. Internal organisational capacities and external business unpredictability are the two elements that influence the implementation of carbon management practices towards environment . The managers and academics who are thinking about how to identify, design, and manage a firm's activities in response to the global warming challenge both within the organisation and with other organisations can refer to certain principles for sustainability.
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In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 49% of the population show the homozygous recessive genotype. The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals is:
The frequency of homozygous dominant individuals is: 42%
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is a null model of the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies, both within and between generations, assuming no mutation, no migration, no selection, random mating, and infinite population size. To find the frequency of the recessive allele, we must first find the frequency of the dominant allele (p). According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the square root of the homozygous genotype frequency is equal to the allele frequency. The Hardy-Weinberg equation used to determine genotype frequencies is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Where 'p2' represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), '2pq' the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa) and 'q2' the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
Calculation:
q2 = 49
q= 0.7
According to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium p + q= 1
p = 1 - q
1-0.7= 0.3
p2+ 2pq+q2=1
One can substitute the values
2pq= 2(0.3) (0.7) = 0.42
42% is the answer.
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In the dna isolation process, ________ is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the dna molecules to easily precipitate.
In the DNA isolation process, "meat tenderizer" is used to break down the protein complexes and allow the DNA molecules to easily precipitate.
What is DNA isolation/extraction?Extraction of DNA is a common practice used to separate DNA from cell nuclei.
The process of DNA isolation involves-
Step 1: Cracking open cells to release DNA
The cells in a specimen are separated from one another, frequently by physical techniques like grinding or vacuum filtration, and then placed in a salt solution.
Step 2: Distinguishing DNA from protein and additional cellular waste
It's important to get rid of as much cellular waste as you can to obtain a pure DNA sample. There are numerous ways to accomplish this. To destroy DNA-associated protein and other cellular proteins, a protease (protein enzyme) is frequently introduced.
Step 3: Use an alcohol to precipitate the DNA
Finally, the DNA sample is carefully infused with ice-cold alcohol (whether ethanol or isopropanol). While salt and alcohol make DNA insoluble, it is soluble in water.
Step 4: DNA cleaning
Now that the DNA sample has been refined further (cleaned). Then it is ready for use after being resuspended in such a slightly alkaline buffer.
Step 5: Verifying the DNA's presence and condition
The concentration of DNA in a sample can be ascertained using spectrophotometer readings of optical density.
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What location is the site of an active amethyst mine?
Amethyst Mine Panorama is located just 60KM East of Thunder Bay Ontario, on the gorgeous Lake Superior Circle Route. Open 7 days a week, holidays contained, from June 1st until October 1st. This active working amethyst mine greets visitors on a seasonal basis.
What location is the site of an active amethyst mine in Arizona?The Arizona Amethyst is drilled in the Four Peaks Mountain Range, which is right further of Fountain Hills. In fact you can see the mountain range right from Sami's store!
Where is the best amethyst mined?Though the vast majority of the amethyst in the need is from Brazil and Uruguay, gem dealers will tell you that some of the finest amethyst arrives from Africa.
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the activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except the presence of other enzymes.
Answer:
the presence of lead
Explanation:
I hope this help
The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except lead, which is in option D. Lead is a heavy metal that can act as an inhibitor of enzymatic activity, so option D is correct here.
Enzymes are biological catalysts, which means they are molecules that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed or altered in the process. Almost all biochemical reactions in cells require enzymes to proceed at a rate that is sufficient for life. They play a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, allowing cells to carry out essential processes such as breaking down nutrients, building cellular structures, and regulating cellular functions. The enzyme-substrate interaction is highly specific, like a lock and key. Only substrates with a complementary shape to the enzyme's active site can bind to it.
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Complete question is below,
The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except ________?
A. increase in substrate concentration.
B. a vitamin.
C. 2-4 degree increase in temperature.
D. lead.
why do you think the process of photosynthesis and respiration are interrelated?
Answer:
While cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide into the environment, photosynthesis pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during photosynthesis (Figure below) and cellular respiration worldwide helps to keep atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at stable levels.
If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should:
If a defibrillator manufacturer claims that its device terminates ventricular fibrillation on the first shock 95% of the time, you should: recognize that this does not mean it will save more lives.
DefibrillatorThe purpose of defibrillators is to restore a normal heartbeat by shocking or sending an electric pulse to the heart. They are employed to stop or treat irregular heartbeats that are too slow or too fast, or arrhythmia. Defibrillators can also restart the heart's rhythm if it stops suddenly. Defibrillators operate differently depending on the type. People who are having cardiac arrest can be saved by using automated external defibrillators (AEDs), which are increasingly commonplace in many public areas. These gadgets can be used in an emergency by unskilled witnesses. People who have a high risk of developing a life-threatening arrhythmia may benefit from using other defibrillators to avoid sudden death.
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The embryonic period begins with ____ and lasts until the _____ week
The stage runs from the 5th through the 10th week of pregnancy
The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage, the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period.
What is Embryonic period ?Approximately four weeks after conception, the neural tube forms. This tube will later develop into the central nervous system including the spinal cord and brain.
The neural tube begins to form along with an area known as the neural plate.Each layer gives rise to specific tissues and organs in the developing embryo thus, the correct sequence is: Zygote --> Morula --> Blastula --> Gastrula --> Embryo.Learn more about Embryonic period here:
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(b) What are the differences between reproduction in Rhizopus and in maize.
The Zygomycetes fungal family, which often lives on dead and decaying plant matter, includes Rhizopus, arguably the best-known genus in the group.
Typically, maize is used to make animal feed. It undergoes extensive processing to produce a wide range of goods, including cornmeal, grits, starch, flour, tortillas, snacks, and morning cereals.
How does reproduce Rhizopus and maize?A fungus's species name is Rhizopus. By producing spores, they reproduce asexually. The hyphae that make up the fungus's body create the sporangium. A swelling structure called the sporangium is at the end of the filaments carrying the spores.Drilling for maize seed should be done evenly and into moisture. For maize to flourish, soil temperatures must be 8C in the morning for four to five days.The differences between reproduction in Rhizopus and maize:
Rhizopus reproduction:
It reproduces by vegetative, asexual, and sexual mechanisms.
Rhizopus Vegetative Reproduction
The Rhizopus thallus can occasionally shatter into a few fragments by accident or due to other causes, and under the right circumstances, each fragment will grow into a new thallus.
Rhizopus Asexual Reproduction
Both sporangiospores and chlamydospores can be used for asexual reproduction.
Maize reproduction:
Both male and female reproductive organs are present in maize plants, which reproduce through self-pollination and cross-pollination.
The female component (the ear) extends from a central stalk in most commercially viable maize genotypes, whereas the male structure (the tassel) extends from the top of the stalk.
The wind carries pollen from the tassel to other maize plants, where it fertilizes the individual kernels on the ear. Maize can have ears that are anywhere between 2.5 and 45 cm long. The size, shape, and color of the kernels vary greatly as well.
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Rhizopus can reproduce sexually when two compatible and physiologically different mycelia are present.
Maize plants contain both male and female reproductive structures and image by both cross-pollination and self-pollination
How does Rhizopus reproduce?
Rhizopus species reproduce asexually via spores. Rhizopus species reproduce asexually via spores.
How does reproduce Rhizopus and maize?A fungus's species name is Rhizopus. By producing spores, they reproduce asexually. The hyphae that make up the fungus's body form the sporangium. A swelling system called the sporangium is at the end of the filaments maintaining the spores.
Drilling for maize seed should be done evenly and into water. For maize to grow, soil temperatures must be 8C in the morning for four to five days.
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What fine-tuned sensory receptors detect differences in tension generated by active muscle rather than muscle length
golgi tendon organs fine-tuned sensory receptors detect differences in tension generated by active muscle rather than muscle length.
Gamma motor neurons fire to regain sensitivity, causing the spindle to contract, becoming taut and regaining the ability to transmit muscle length. There are two groups of motor neurons. Extrafusal fibers, the rapidly contracting fibers that give the muscle its power, are innervated by alpha motor neurons.What is golgi tendon organs?
The Golgi tendon organ, which is located close to the point where a tendon joins a muscle, is a sensory ending that resembles a tree and is encased in a spindle-shaped connective tissue capsule. In a male, one tendon organ is attached to 10 to 20 muscle fibers. An endpoint of a typical tendon organ in limb muscles is roughly 0.5 mm long.Learn more about golgi tendon organs
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If this individual is limited in hip flexion due to posterior muscle tension, what could be done to increase hip flexion?
Kneel along with your left knee on the floor and your right leg at a 90-degree perspective in front of you. Put your hands on your proper knee and hold your back instantly. Keeping your left knee pressed to the floor, lean ahead into your proper hip even as squeezing the muscles to your left buttocks. maintain for 30 seconds.
No longer engaging in everyday bodily activity can result in weak hip flexors. Underuse of the hip muscles can cause the muscle to degenerate and become vulnerable, which is known as muscle atrophy.
The primary hip extensors consist of the gluteus maximus, posterior head of the adductor Magnus, and hamstrings. Within the anatomic role, the posterior head of the adductor Magnus has the best second arm for extension, observed intently by means of the semitendinosus.
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Which of the following describes way that humans decrease biodiversity?
1. We encroach on habitat.
II. We poach wild animals.
III. We use food resources faster than native species.
OI, II, and III
OI and III
OII and III
Oll only
Answer:
I, II and III
Explanation:
I believe that all the options given are ways in which humans decrease biodiversity.
Hope it helps!
Have a nice day:)
Answer: 1 2 and 3! no ca
Explanation:
If the grasshoppers within a specific ecosystem are unable to detect vibrations, how will it affect that ecosystem?
If the grasshoppers within a specific ecosystem are unable to detect vibrations, they will not be able to communicate among themselves and defend against predators. This may lead to the loss of grasshoppers from the ecosystem.
What is vibrational communication?Sound is carried in the form of vibrations.Insects have sensory organs which help them to detect these vibrations.They interpret these sounds to communicate with each other and navigate through the environment.Vibrational signaling is the most common form of communication in insects which detects any mechanical disturbances in the surrounding environment.Some insects are even able to sense the sound of predators, thus are able to avoid them.Like many insects, grasshoppers have a pair of tympanal organs. These organs vibrate when they catch sound waves in the air. The larvae of grasshoppers use small stiff hairs called setae to sense sound vibrations.The caterpillars react to vibrations by exhibiting defensive posture.Learn about how animals communicate here:
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Proteins are polymers produced by linking together amino acids, where the amino group of one will react with the acid group of another. What type of functional group is produced
The Functional group produced is Amide.
The most typical way to make amides is by reacting an acid chloride with ammonia, a 1o amine, or a 2o amine. In a similar procedure, an amide can be created by reacting an amine with a carboxylic acid using a coupling agent like DCC. An acid anhydride and an amine can be combined to create simple amides. Finally, a carboxylic acid and an amine can directly react to generate amides.
However, because to the severity of the circumstances, this response is not frequently used. Because the Y group of an amide's nitrogen-containing atom has a weak ability to act as a leaving group, amides are comparatively inert to nucleophilic acyl substitutions.
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