Yes, the firms can use trigger strategies to sustain the monopoly price level in a subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium if and only if d > 1/2. In this infinitely repeated game, the firms have the incentive to deviate from the monopoly price level to undercut their rival and increase their own profits. However, if both firms adopt a trigger strategy, where they continue to cooperate as long as the other firm does the same, they can sustain the monopoly price level as the Nash equilibrium.
Specifically, each firm would start by choosing the monopoly price level. If the other firm deviates and lowers their price, the firm that stayed at the monopoly price level would switch to the lower price and continue to do so in subsequent rounds. However, if the other firm returns to the monopoly price level in a subsequent round, the first firm would also return to the monopoly price level.
To sustain this strategy, the discount factor, d, must be greater than 1/2. This is because as d approaches 1, the firms place more weight on future payoffs, making it more costly to deviate from the cooperative strategy. On the other hand, as d approaches 0, the firms place less weight on future payoffs, making it easier to deviate and pursue short-term gains.
In conclusion, the firms can sustain the monopoly price level in a subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium using trigger strategies if and only if d > 1/2.
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All of the following are common methods of allocating factory overhead costs to products except the
a.activity-based costing method.
b.average costing method.
c.multiple production department factory overhead rate method.
d.single plantwide factory overhead rate method.
All the methods mentioned above are common methods of allocating factory overhead costs except the B, average costing method. Allocating factory overhead costs to products is an essential part of determining the cost of goods sold.
The four common methods of allocating factory overhead costs are activity-based costing method, average costing method, multiple production department factory overhead rate method, and single plantwide factory overhead rate method. However, one of these methods is not commonly used to allocate factory overhead costs to products. The method that is not commonly used is the average costing method.
This method is used to allocate the total factory overhead costs to all the units produced during a given period, regardless of the level of activity required to produce each unit. It assumes that all products consume factory overhead resources at the same rate, which may not be accurate. On the other hand, the activity-based costing method allocates factory overhead costs based on the activities that contribute to the production of each product.
This method provides a more accurate allocation of costs because it considers the specific activities required to produce each product. The multiple production department factory overhead rate method and the single plantwide factory overhead rate method are also commonly used methods of allocating factory overhead costs. The former method is used when a company has more than one production department, and the latter method is used when all products are produced in one department.
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According to Keynes, an increase in the desire to save will lead to a __________ shift in aggregate demand.
A. Rightward
B. Leftward
C. Upward
D. Downward
According to Keynes, an increase in the desire to save will lead to a leftward shift in aggregate demand.
An increase in the desire to save implies that people are spending less, and when people spend less, the aggregate demand decreases. This results in a leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve.
According to Keynesian economics, an increase in the desire to save will lead to a leftward shift in the aggregate demand curve. This is because when people save more, they spend less, which reduces the total demand for goods and services in the economy.
In the Keynesian framework, changes in aggregate demand have a direct impact on the level of economic activity and employment in the short run. When aggregate demand shifts to the left, it reduces output and can lead to a contractionary economic cycle, characterized by lower employment and income levels.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. Leftward.
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PP&E Assertions and Substantive Procedures. This question contains three items that are management assertions about property and equipment. Following them are several substantive procedures for obtaining evidence about management's assertions.
Assertions:
1. The entity has legal right to property and equipment acquired during the year.
2. Recorded property and equipment represent assets that actually exist at the balance-sheet date.
3. Net property and equipment are properly valued at the balance-sheet date.
Substantive Procedures:
a. Trace opening balances in the summary schedules to the prior-year audit documentation.
b. Review the provision for depreciation expense and determine whether depreciable lives and methods used in the current year are consistent with those used in the prior year.
c. Determine whether the responsibility for maintaining the property and equipment records is separated from the responsibility for custody of property and equipment.
d. Examine deeds and title insurance certificates.
e. Perform cutoff tests to verify that property and equipment additions are recorded in the proper period.
f. Determine whether property and equipment are adequately insured.
g. Physically examine all major property and equipment additions.
Required:
For each of the three assertions (1, 2, and 3), select the one best substantive audit procedure (a-g) for obtaining competent evidence. A procedure may be selected only once or not at all.
The following substantive audit procedures can be applied: For the assertion that the entity has legal right to property and equipment, To verify that recorded property and equipment represent assets, In order to confirm that net property and equipment.
To obtain competent evidence for the three management assertions about property and equipment, the following substantive audit procedures can be applied:
1. For the assertion that the entity has legal right to property and equipment acquired during the year, the best audit procedure is (d) examining deeds and title insurance certificates. This procedure ensures that the entity has proper documentation proving legal ownership of the property and equipment.
2. To verify that recorded property and equipment represent assets that actually exist at the balance-sheet date, the most suitable audit procedure is (g) physically examining all major property and equipment additions. This will provide direct evidence that the assets recorded in the financial statements actually exist.
3. In order to confirm that net property and equipment are properly valued at the balance-sheet date, the recommended audit procedure is (b) reviewing the provision for depreciation expense and determining whether depreciable lives and methods used in the current year are consistent with those used in the prior year. This ensures that the valuation method is appropriate and consistently applied.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. changes in activity have a(n) _________ effect on fixed costs per unit. group of answer choices negative positive neutral inverse
Changes in activity have a positive effect on fixed costs per unit. This is because fixed costs, such as rent and equipment, do not vary with the level of production.
Therefore, as production increases, fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units, reducing the fixed cost per unit.
For example, if a factory produces 100 units with a fixed cost of $10,000, the fixed cost per unit is $100. However, if the factory produces 200 units with the same fixed cost, the fixed cost per unit is reduced to $50.
This means that as production increases, the fixed cost per unit decreases, resulting in a positive effect.
On the other hand, changes in activity have a neutral effect on variable costs per unit, as variable costs increase or decrease proportionally with production.
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A 2007 survey conducted by TheLadders.com concluded that: Multiple Choice 50% of executives had witnessed discriminatory actions in the companies 30% of executives say that discrimination starts at the top racial discrimination in the workplace still exists but it less pervasive than it was 10 years ago racial discrimination in the workplace is as bad now as it was 10 years ago
According to a 2007 survey conducted by TheLadders.com concluded that 50% of executives had witnessed discriminatory actions in their companies.
This indicates that workplace discrimination is still a prevalent issue affecting employees in various organizations. Additionally, 30% of executives expressed their belief that discrimination starts at the top, implying that leadership plays a crucial role in either perpetuating or mitigating such actions. This further emphasizes the importance of fostering a diverse and inclusive work environment, which begins with those in leadership positions.
While racial discrimination remains an issue in the workplace, the survey also noted that it is less pervasive than it was 10 years prior to the study. This suggests that progress has been made in addressing this issue, but there is still work to be done in order to completely eradicate workplace discrimination.
In conclusion, although the survey results indicate that racial discrimination in the workplace is not as severe as it was a decade ago, it is still a significant issue that affects employees and organizations. By understanding the role that leadership plays in perpetuating discrimination and fostering a more inclusive work environment, we can continue to make strides towards eliminating racial discrimination in the workplace.
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The biggest danger is to assume that the software engineering process will flow sequentially from start to finish with no changes. Question 1 options: True False
The statement "The biggest danger is to assume that the software engineering process will flow sequentially from start to finish with no changes" is True.
What is the reason?In software engineering, assuming a linear, unchanging process is a significant risk because it neglects the possibility of unexpected issues or changing requirements.
A more flexible approach, such as Agile methodology, recognizes that software development is an iterative process that involves adapting to changes and incorporating feedback from stakeholders.
By considering the potential for change, software engineers can better manage risks, address emerging needs, and deliver a more effective and efficient final product.
Hence, the statement is true.
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In order to be listed on the NYSE ( New York Stock Exchange) a company must meet the 4 minimum requirements. Which one is not a requirement?a. Firm Sizeb. Corporate earningsc. Trading postsd. level of trading volume
In order to be listed on the NYSE ( New York Stock Exchange) a company must meet the 4 minimum requirements, one is not a requirement: Trading posts. The correct option is C.
a. Firm Size - A minimum requirement, as the company must meet specific market capitalization criteria.
b. Corporate earnings - A minimum requirement, as the company must have a certain level of financial performance, including profitability.
c. Trading posts - NOT a minimum requirement for listing on the NYSE. Trading posts are physical locations on the trading floor where stocks are bought and sold, and are not a requirement for a company to be listed.
d. Level of trading volume - A minimum requirement, as the company must have sufficient liquidity for its shares to trade efficiently.
So, the option that is not a minimum requirement for a company to be listed on the NYSE is "c. Trading posts."
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Complete question:
In order to be listed on the NYSE ( New York Stock Exchange) a company must meet the 4 minimum requirements. Which one is not a requirement?
a. Firm Size
b. Corporate earnings
c. Trading posts
d. level of trading volume
23. The Tree House has a pretax cost of debt of 6.3 percent and a return on assets of 10.8 percent. The debt–equity ratio is .41. Ignore taxes. What is the cost of equity?
25. Cross Town Cookies is an all-equity firm with a total market value of $735,000. The firm has 46,000 shares of stock outstanding. Management is considering issuing $170,000 of debt at an interest rate of 8 percent and using the proceeds to repurchase shares. Before the debt issue, EBIT will be $65,600. What is the EBIT if the debt is issued? Ignore taxes.
23. The cost of equity for The Tree House is 13.62%.
25. If Cross Town Cookies issues debt to repurchase shares, the new EBIT will be $79,160.
23. The cost of equity can be calculated using the formula:
return on assets = (total debt / total assets) * pretax cost of debt + (total equity / total assets) * cost of equity
Plugging in the given values:
10.8% = (0.41) * 6.3% + (1 - 0.41) * cost of equity
Solving for the cost of equity:
cost of equity = (10.8% - (0.41) * 6.3%) / (1 - 0.41) = 13.62%
Therefore, the cost of equity is 13.62%.
25. Before the debt issue, the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is given as $65,600. After issuing $170,000 of debt at an interest rate of 8%, the new EBIT can be calculated as follows:
EBIT = $65,600 + $170,000 * (1 - 0.08) = $79,160
Therefore, the new EBIT will be $79,160.
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Management is responsible for making the accounting estimates in the financial statements. estimates are based on subjective as well as objective factors and, as a result, judgment is required to estimate an amount at the financial statement date. in regards to accounting estimates made by management of a nonissuer, the auditor is responsible for:_____.
a. determining the accuracy of the estimate.
b. evaluating the reasonableness of the estimate.
c. neither i nor ii.
d. both i and ii.
In regards to accounting estimates made by management of a nonissuer, the auditor is responsible for evaluating the reasonableness of the estimate.
The responsibility for making accounting estimates lies with the management of a nonissuer. Accounting estimates are based on both subjective and objective factors, requiring judgment to estimate an amount at the financial statement date. However, the auditor's role is to independently assess the reasonableness of these estimates made by management.
The auditor evaluates the reasonableness of the accounting estimates by considering the methods and assumptions used by management, as well as reviewing relevant supporting documentation and evidence. The auditor examines the accuracy and appropriateness of the estimates and ensures they comply with the relevant accounting standards and principles.
While the auditor's responsibility includes evaluating the reasonableness of the estimates, it does not extend to determining the accuracy of the estimate. The auditor's role is to provide an independent opinion on the fairness of the financial statements as a whole, including the reasonableness of the accounting estimates made by management.
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Write a 3–5 page paper in which you do the following:
Compare and contrast the CAFRs in three categories:
Publication method.
The existence or non-existence of an internal audit function.
At least two key features of the external audit information.
Compare both the internal and external audit information presented.
Include the publication method of the CAFR for the assigned local government entity with the governmental entity being used for your Continuing problem.
Analyze each of the three sections of the assigned local government CAFR using the questions presented in Chapter 2 Continuing Problem as a basis:
The CAFR includes statements that combine and report on the government’s activities from both a government-wide and a fund perspective.
The CAFR is divided into three sections – introduction, financial, and statistical.
Using the assigned local government CAFR, analyze each of these sections using the questions presented in the Chapter 2 Continuing problem as a basis.
Analyze the local government methods used in the preparation of the Budget-to-Actual reports in the CAFR, including the basis of accounting used, significant variances, and other local government financial-related legal or contractual requirements.
The Budget-to-Actual reports in the CAFR are the foundation of evaluating budgetary compliance.
Analyze the local government CAFR, identifying at least three primary revenue sources from both governmental and enterprise funds. In your analysis, include:
Revenue rates.
Revenue trends.
Whether the delay remains in the recognition of revenue.
The statistical section is a good source of rate and trend information.
Please use the City of Austin Texas CAFR
In the City of Austin Texas Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR), revenue rates are one of the key components that provide insight into the financial health of the city.
Property taxes are one of the largest sources of revenue for the City of Austin, accounting for over 40% of the total revenue collected. In the 2019 fiscal year, the city collected over $1.2 billion in property taxes. Sales taxes are another significant source of revenue, accounting for over 20% of the total revenue collected. In 2019, the city collected over $544 million in sales taxes.
The city also collects fees for various services such as utility services, parking, and licenses. In the 2019 fiscal year, the city collected over $350 million in fees. Additionally, the city received over $285 million in grants from federal, state, and private sources.
The CAFR provides a breakdown of the revenue rates for each source, including trends over time. This information is crucial for city officials and citizens to understand the financial position of the city and make informed decisions about budgeting and spending. Overall, the revenue rates in the City of Austin Texas CAFR reflect a stable financial position, with a diverse range of revenue sources and consistent revenue growth over time.
However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on revenue rates, particularly in the areas of sales taxes and fees. As such, it is important for city officials to continue to monitor and adapt to these changes to ensure the continued financial health of the city.
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How do aggregate demand and aggregate supply differ from product-specific demand and supply?A. Product-specific demand and supply describe the market for a single good, whereas aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the combined market for all final goods and services. B. Product specific demand and supply describe a market at a moment in time, whereas aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the same market over an entire economic cycle. C. Product-specific demand and supply describe a market for a given good from the point of view of a single firm, whereas aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the market from the point of view of all firms in the market.
A)Firstly, product-specific demand and supply describe the market for a single good, while aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the combined market for all final goods and services, hence the correct option is A)
Aggregate demand and aggregate supply differ from product-specific demand and supply in several ways. Firstly, product-specific demand and supply describe the market for a single good, while aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the combined market for all final goods and services. In other words, while product-specific demand and supply focus on the specific interactions between buyers and sellers of a particular product, aggregate demand and supply take a macroeconomic perspective, looking at the overall demand and supply for all goods and services. Secondly, product-specific demand and supply describe a market at a moment in time, while aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the same market over an entire economic cycle. This means that while product-specific demand and supply focus on short-term factors such as changes in consumer preferences or supply chain disruptions, aggregate demand and supply consider long-term factors such as economic growth, inflation, and unemployment. Lastly, product-specific demand and supply describe a market for a given good from the point of view of a single firm, while aggregate demand and aggregate supply describe the market from the point of view of all firms in the market. This means that while product-specific demand and supply focus on the specific costs and benefits of producing a single good for a single firm, aggregate demand and supply consider the costs and benefits of producing all goods and services across the entire economy. In summary, while product-specific demand and supply provide a detailed understanding of the market for a single good, aggregate demand and supply take a macroeconomic perspective, considering the overall demand and supply for all goods and services over an entire economic cycle from the point of view of all firms in the market. Therefore the correct option is A)
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the covariance between stocks x and y is 141.6667. the standard deviation of stock x is 10.8012 and stock y is 15.2534. what is the correlation?
The correlation between stocks x and y can be calculated using the formula:
correlation = covariance / (standard deviation of x * standard deviation of y)
Substituting the values given in the question, we get:
correlation = 141.6667 / (10.8012 * 15.2534) = 0.8258
Therefore, the correlation between stocks x and y is 0.8258.
The concepts of covariance, standard deviation, and correlation, and how they are related. Covariance is a measure of how two variables change together, while standard deviation is a measure of the spread of data around the mean. Correlation is a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.
In this question, the covariance between stocks x and y is given as 141.6667, which means that the two stocks tend to move in the same direction. However, covariance alone does not give us an idea of the strength or direction of the relationship. This is where correlation comes in.
To calculate correlation, we need to standardize the covariance by dividing it by the product of the standard deviation of stock x and the standard deviation of stock y. This gives us a value between -1 and 1, where -1 indicates a perfect negative correlation, 0 indicates no correlation, and 1 indicates a perfect positive correlation.
In this case, the correlation between stocks x and y is calculated to be 0.8258, which indicates a strong positive correlation between the two stocks. This means that when stock x goes up, stock y also tends to go up, and when stock x goes down, stock y also tends to go down.
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.Suppose Ana has a yearly budget of $120 to spend on milk and yogurt. Milk is priced at $2 per gallon, and yogurt is priced at $6 per container.
If Ana spends his entire $120 on milk, he can buy _____ gallons of milk. If he spends his entire $120 on yogurt, he can buy _____ containers of yogurt.
Plot Ana's budget constraint and shade the area that represents combinations of milk and yogurt that are affordable for Ana. Place a black point on the point on Ana's budget constraint that corresponds to a scenario in which Ana spends $60 on each good.
What does the slop of Ana's budget constraint represent?
a. The cost of an additional container of yogurt in terms of dollars.
b. The cost of an additional gallon of milk in terms of dollars.
c. The opportunity cost of an additional container of yogurt in terms of gallons of milk.
d. The opportunity cost of an additional gallon of milk in terms of containers of yogurt.
Suppose Ana receives $120 from his grandmother and decides to dedicate this money to buy more milk and yogurt. Draw Ana's new budget constraint.
True or false: Ana faces the same tradeoff between milk and yogurt.
If Ana spends his entire $120 on milk, he can buy 60 gallons of milk. If he spends his entire $120 on yogurt, he can buy 20 containers of yogurt.
To calculate how much milk or yogurt Ana can buy, we need to divide his budget by the price of each item. So, $120 divided by $2 per gallon of milk equals 60 gallons of milk, and $120 divided by $6 per container of yogurt equals 20 containers of yogurt. To plot Ana's budget constraint, we can draw a straight line connecting the points (0,20) and (60,0) on a graph, where the x-axis represents the number of gallons of milk and the y-axis represents the number of containers of yogurt. The shaded area below the line represents the combinations of milk and yogurt that are affordable for Ana.If Ana spends $60 on each good, the corresponding point on the budget constraint would be (30,10), where Ana can buy 30 gallons of milk and 10 containers of yogurt.
If Ana receives an additional $120 from his grandmother, his new budget constraint would shift outwards, parallel to the original budget constraint. The new budget constraint would be represented by a straight line connecting the points (0,40) and (80,0). This means that Ana can now afford to buy more of both milk and yogurt. True or false: Ana faces the same tradeoff between milk and yogurt. False. Ana's tradeoff between milk and yogurt depends on the prices of the goods and his budget. If the prices of milk and yogurt change, or if Ana's budget changes, his tradeoff between the two goods will also change. In this case, Ana's tradeoff would change if the prices of milk and yogurt or his budget were to change.
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Bond A is a par bond and Bond B is a premium bond. All else equal, which bond has the higher coupon rate?
A
B
A=B
Bond A is a par bond and Bond B is a discount bond. All else equal, which bond has the lower coupon rate?
A
B
A=B
Bond A is a corporate bond and Bond B is a municipal bond. Which bond should have the higher yield to maturity?
A
B
A=B
a)Bond B should have the higher coupon rate.
b) Bond A should have the lower coupon rate.
c) Bond B should have the higher yield to maturity.
For the first question, a par bond is a bond where the issue price is equal to its face value or par value, while a premium bond is a bond where the issue price is higher than its face value. Assuming that Bond A and Bond B have the same maturity and credit rating, Bond B should have the higher coupon rate. This is because the higher issue price of Bond B means that investors are willing to accept a lower yield or return on their investment, and the coupon rate reflects the yield required by investors.
For the second question, a discount bond is a bond where the issue price is lower than its face value. Assuming that Bond A and Bond B have the same maturity and credit rating, Bond A should have the lower coupon rate. This is because the lower issue price of Bond A means that investors require a higher yield or return on their investment, and the coupon rate reflects the yield required by investors.
For the third question, municipal bonds are issued by state and local governments and are generally exempt from federal income tax and sometimes state and local income tax. Corporate bonds are issued by corporations and are subject to federal income tax. Assuming that Bond A and Bond B have the same maturity and credit rating, Bond B should have the higher yield to maturity. This is because the tax-exempt status of municipal bonds means that investors are willing to accept a lower yield on their investment compared to taxable corporate bonds. Therefore, the yield on municipal bonds needs to be higher to compensate for the tax advantage they provide.
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-C&A has on average $6000 in inventory and its daily sales are $200. What is its days- of-supply? A. 1,200,000 B. 600 C. 200 D. 30
The days-of-supply is Option D. 30 days.
The days-of-supply is a measure used to calculate how many days it would take for a company to run out of inventory based on its average daily sales. To calculate the days-of-supply, you'll need to divide the inventory value by the average daily sales.
In this case, C&A has an inventory value of $6,000 and daily sales of $200. Using the formula:
Days-of-supply = Inventory value / Average daily sales
Days-of-supply = $6,000 / $200 = 30
So, the days-of-supply for C&A is 30 days (Option D). This means that, based on its current inventory and sales levels, C&A has enough inventory to last for 30 days before needing to restock.
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Holding all else constant, what effect would the following have on a company's P/E ratio? (highlight answer, delete others) (COME BACK) a. An increase in expected growth rate of earnings. Up Down No change b. A decrease in expected dividend payout ratio. Up Down No change c. An increase in the risk-free rate of return. Up Down No change d. An increase in the risk premium. Up Down No change e. A decrease in the required rate of return. Up Down No change
Holding all else constant, the effect of various factors on a company's P/E ratio can be analyzed as follows:
a. An increase in the expected growth rate of earnings would likely cause the P/E ratio to go up. This is because higher earnings growth generally leads to a higher stock price, and P/E ratio is the stock price divided by earnings per share.
b. A decrease in the expected dividend payout ratio would likely cause the P/E ratio to go down. This is because a lower dividend payout ratio indicates that less of the company's earnings are being distributed to shareholders, which may reduce the stock price and subsequently lower the P/E ratio.
c. An increase in the risk-free rate of return would likely cause the P/E ratio to go down. This is because a higher risk-free rate makes other investments more attractive compared to stocks, potentially leading to a decrease in stock price and a lower P/E ratio.
d. An increase in the risk premium would likely cause the P/E ratio to go down. This is because a higher risk premium implies greater uncertainty in the company's future performance, which may negatively impact the stock price and result in a lower P/E ratio.
e. A decrease in the required rate of return would likely cause the P/E ratio to go up. This is because a lower required rate of return makes the company's stock more attractive, potentially leading to an increase in the stock price and a higher P/E ratio.
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Meena Distributors has an annual demand for an airport metal detector of 1,450 units. The cost of a typical detector to Meena is $400. Carrying cost is estimated to be 18% of the unit cost, and the ordering cost is $22 per order. If Purushottama Meena, the owner, orders in quantities of 300 or more, he can get a 7% discount on the cost of the detectors. Should Meena take the quantity discount? What is the EOQ without the discount? EOQ = units (round your response to one decimal place) b) What is the total cost if the EOQ is used without the discount? c) What is the total cost if Meena orders 300 units at a time in order to qualify for the discount? the total cost without the discount, Meena order 300 units at a d) Since the total cost with the discount is time in order to qualify for the discount
Meena Distributors should consider taking the quantity discount since ordering 300 or more units would result in a cost savings of 7%.
To calculate the EOQ without the discount, we can use the following formula:
EOQ = √[(2DS)/H]
where D = annual demand, S = ordering cost per order, and H = carrying cost as a percentage of unit cost.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
EOQ = √[(2 x 1450 x 22)/0.18 x 400] = 173.2 units (rounded to one decimal place)
If Meena orders the EOQ without the discount, the total cost would be the sum of the ordering cost and the carrying cost. The ordering cost would be:
(1450/173.2) x 22 = $183.28
The carrying cost would be:
(0.18 x 400 x 173.2)/2 = $6,226.40
Therefore, the total cost without the discount would be:
$183.28 + $6,226.40 = $6,409.68
If Meena orders 300 units at a time to qualify for the discount, the cost per unit would be:
$400 x (1 - 0.07) = $372
The EOQ with the discount would then be:
EOQ = √[(2DS)/H] = √[(2 x 1450 x 22)/0.18 x 372] = 182.6 units (rounded to one decimal place)
The ordering cost would be:
(1450/182.6) x 22 = $175.60
The carrying cost would be: (0.18 x 372 x 182.6)/2 = $6,622.10
Therefore, the total cost with the discount would be: $175.60 + $6,622.10 = $6,797.70
Since the total cost with the discount is higher than the total cost without the discount, it would be better for Meena to order the EOQ without the discount.
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a) To determine whether Meena should take the quantity discount, we need to calculate the EOQ with and without the discount and compare the total costs.
Without the discount, the EOQ can be calculated as:
EOQ = √((2DS)/H)
Where:
D = Annual demand = 1,450 units
S = Ordering cost = $22
H = Carrying cost as a percentage of unit cost = 18% of $400 = $72
Plugging in the values, we get:
EOQ = √((2 × 1,450 × 22)/72) ≈ 145 units
b) The total cost if EOQ is used without the discount can be calculated as:
Total cost = (D/Q)S + (Q/2)H + DC
Where:
Q = Order quantity = EOQ = 145 units
D = Annual demand = 1,450 units
S = Ordering cost = $22
H = Carrying cost as a percentage of unit cost = 18% of $400 = $72
C = Cost per unit = $400
Plugging in the values, we get:
Total cost = (1,450/145)×22 + (145/2)×72 + (1,450×400)/145
= $319.31 + $5,220 + $3,965.52
= $9,504.83
c) The total cost if Meena orders 300 units at a time in order to qualify for the discount can be calculated as:
Total cost = (D/Q)S + (Q/2)H + DC
Where:
Q = Order quantity = 300 units (after discount)
D = Annual demand = 1,450 units
S = Ordering cost = $22
H = Carrying cost as a percentage of unit cost = 18% of $400 = $72
C = Cost per unit = $400 - 7% discount = $372
Plugging in the values, we get:
Total cost = (1,450/300)×22 + (300/2)×72 + (1,450×372)
= $108.67 + $10,800 + $538,200
= $549,108.67
d) Since the total cost with the discount is less than the total cost without the discount, Meena should take the quantity discount and order 300 units at a time. The total cost with the discount is $549,108.67.
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All of these are tools used by a firm's public relations department except which? Multiple Choice O special events questionnaires O lobbying efforts O annual reports O image management
It is difficult to determine the exact answer without knowing the specific
context and needs of the firm, but generally, the tool that is least likely to
be used by a firm's public relations department is lobbying efforts.
While public relations can help to shape a company's public image and
manage its reputation, lobbying involves attempting to influence legislation
or government policy to benefit the interests of the company or industry.
This is typically the domain of a company's government relations
department or outside lobbying firms rather than the public relations
department.
The other tools listed, including special events, questionnaires, annual
reports, and image management, are more commonly used by public
relations departments to communicate with stakeholders and manage the
company's reputation.
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Reddy Company commenced operations in 2012. The company provided the following information for the year ended December 31, 2012 :
Administrative costs $15,000
Depreciation on factory equipment $6,000
Indirect materials $1,000
Marketing and distribution costs $12,000
Salaries for factory supervisors $10,000
Wages for production workers $13,000
Raw materials used $19,000
Sales revenue $98,000
Selling costs $9,000
Utilities for production facilities $4,000
Ending work in process inventory $20,000
Ending finished goods inventory $10,000
1) Prepare a Schedule of Cost of goods manufactured and sold for the year ended December 31, 2012.
2) Prepare an Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2012.
1) Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Direct materials used: $19,000
Direct labor (Wages for production workers): $13,000
Manufacturing overhead:
- Depreciation on factory equipment: $6,000
- Indirect materials: $1,000
- Salaries for factory supervisors: $10,000
- Utilities for production facilities: $4,000
Total manufacturing overhead: $21,000
Total manufacturing costs: $53,000 ($19,000 + $13,000 + $21,000)
Add: Beginning work in process inventory: $0 (Since the company commenced operations in 2012)
Less: Ending work in process inventory: $20,000
Cost of goods manufactured: $33,000 ($53,000 - $20,000)
2) Income Statement for the year ended December 31, 2012:
Sales revenue: $98,000
Cost of goods sold:
- Beginning finished goods inventory: $0
- Cost of goods manufactured: $33,000
- Less: Ending finished goods inventory: $10,000
Total cost of goods sold: $23,000 ($33,000 - $10,000)
Gross profit: $75,000 ($98,000 - $23,000)
Operating expenses:
- Administrative costs: $15,000
- Marketing and distribution costs: $12,000
- Selling costs: $9,000
Total operating expenses: $36,000 ($15,000 + $12,000 + $9,000)
Net income: $39,000 ($75,000 - $36,000)
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Position power is not a characteristic of leaders but of the situations that leaders find themselves in.a. Trueb. False
The given statement that "position power is not a characteristic of leaders but of the situations they find themselves" is true because Position power refers to the authority and influence that a person has due to their formal position or role within an organization.
This power is not inherent to an individual, but rather is granted by the organization or situation they are in. For example, a manager in a company has position power because they have been given authority over a certain department or team. However, if that same manager were to leave their job or be assigned to a different department, their position power would no longer exist.
Leadership, on the other hand, is a set of skills and qualities that an individual possesses that allows them to inspire and motivate others towards a common goal. While position power can certainly enhance a leader's ability to lead, it is not a defining characteristic of leadership.
In conclusion, position power is a product of the situation or organization an individual finds themselves in, while leadership is a set of skills and qualities that an individual possesses.
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If a corporation faces a tax rate of 21 percent, the after-tax cost of debt for a 15- year, 12 percent, $1,000 par value bond, selling at $950 is A) 2.68 percent B) 12.76 percent C) 10.08 percent D) 5.11 percent
The after-tax cost of debt for a bond is calculated as follows:
After-tax cost of debt = pre-tax cost of debt x (1 - tax rate)
The pre-tax cost of debt for the bond is the annual interest payment divided by the net proceeds from the sale of the bond. The annual interest payment is calculated as follows:
Annual interest payment = coupon rate x par value
= 0.12 x $1,000
= $120
The net proceeds from the sale of the bond is the issue price minus any flotation costs. In this case, the issue price is $950 and there is no information about any flotation costs, so we can assume there are none. Therefore:
Net proceeds = issue price
= $950
The pre-tax cost of debt is:
Pre-tax cost of debt = Annual interest payment / Net proceeds
= $120 / $950
= 0.1263 or 12.63%
Using the given tax rate of 21 percent, we can calculate the after-tax cost of debt:
After-tax cost of debt = Pre-tax cost of debt x (1 - tax rate)
= 0.1263 x (1 - 0.21)
= 0.0996 or 9.96%
Therefore, the answer is C) 10.08 percent, which is the closest option to the calculated after-tax cost of debt of 9.96%.
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When a production process involves several types of labor, weighted rate and efficiency variances are calculated. a. trueb. false
The correct option is a.
When a production process involves several types of labor, the weighted rate and efficiency variances are used to calculate the total labor variance. The weighted rate variance takes into account the different wage rates of the different types of labor, while the efficiency variance measures the difference between the actual and expected labor hours for a given level of output.
These variances help managers understand the sources of labor cost and efficiency differences and can be used to identify areas for improvement in the production process.
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Point A worker sees increases in the prices that she pays for transportation, housing, and food but that her wage has remained unchanged for a long time. a. Shoeleather cost b. Menu cost c. Relative price variability d. Tax distortions
The situation described in the question is an example of- C. relative price variability.
What does this entail ?This refers to the change in the prices of goods and services relative to each other.
In this case, the worker is experiencing an increase in the prices of transportation, housing, and food, which are essential for her daily life.
However, her wage has remained unchanged for a long time, which means that her purchasing power has decreased. This can lead to shoeleather costs, which are the costs associated with increased efforts to find the best prices for goods and services.
The worker may also face menu costs, which are the costs associated with updating prices due to inflation.
Tax distortions may also occur if the government does not adjust tax brackets for inflation, leading to higher taxes for the worker despite her unchanged income.
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A firm evaluates all of its projects by applying the IRR rule.
Year Cash Flow
0 �$ 164,000
1 52,000
2 87,000
3 71,000
Requirement 1:
What is the project's IRR? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percentage rounded to 2 decimal places (e.g., 32.16).)
Internal rate of return %
The project's internal rate of return (IRR) is 10.04%.
Internal rate of returnTo find the internal rate of return (IRR), we need to find the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of the cash flows equal to zero. We can use trial and error or a financial calculator or spreadsheet to find the IRR.
Using trial and error, we can start with a discount rate of, say, 10% and calculate the NPV of the cash flows:
[tex]NPV = -164,000 + 52,000/(1+10) + 87,000/(1+10)^2 + 71,000/(1+10)^3\\NPV = -$3,679.77[/tex]
The NPV is negative, which means the discount rate is too high. We need to try a lower discount rate. Let's try 8%:
[tex]NPV = -164,000 + 52,000/(1+8) + 87,000/(1+8)^2 + 71,000/(1+8)^3\\NPV = $462.87[/tex]
The NPV is positive, which means the discount rate is too low. We need to try a higher discount rate. Let's try 9%:
[tex]NPV = -164,000 + 52,000/(1+9) + 87,000/(1+9)^2 + 71,000/(1+9)^3\\NPV = $11.55[/tex]
The NPV is positive, but it's still quite small. We need to try a higher discount rate. Let's try 10.5%:
[tex]NPV = -164,000 + 52,000/(1+10.5) + 87,000/(1+10.5)^2 + 71,000/(1+10.5)^3\\NPV = $4.41[/tex]
The NPV is positive, but it's smaller than the NPV we got with 9%. This means the IRR is between 9% and 10.5%.
We can continue this process of narrowing down the range until we find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero, or we can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet to solve for the IRR directly. Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we get:
IRR = 10.04%
Therefore, the project's IRR is 10.04%.
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Suppose HomeNet's lab will be housed in warehouse space that company could have otherwise rented out for $200,000 per year during years 1 through 4. How does this opportunity cost affect HomeNet's incremental earnings?A. $200,000B. $120,000C. $80,000D. $40,000
The opportunity cost of HomeNet housing their lab in warehouse space that could have been rented out for $200,000 per year . Option A
Therefore, this opportunity cost will reduce HomeNet's incremental earnings by $200,000 per year.
Incremental earnings refer to the additional earnings that a company generates by taking a particular action, such as starting a new project or investing in a new product line.
In this case, HomeNet's decision to house their lab in the warehouse space will generate incremental earnings, but these earnings will be lower due to the opportunity cost of not renting out the space.
To calculate incremental earnings, you need to take into account all of the costs and revenues associated with the project. In this case, the incremental earnings will be the revenue generated by the lab minus the cost of housing the lab in the warehouse space.
However, because of the opportunity cost, the revenue generated by the lab will be reduced by $200,000 per year.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is A) $200,000. This opportunity cost will have a significant impact on HomeNet's incremental earnings, as it represents a significant portion of the potential revenue that they could have earned.
HomeNet will need to carefully consider this opportunity cost when making decisions about how to allocate their resources and invest in new projects. So Option A is correct
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The opportunity cost of housing HomeNet's lab in warehouse space is $200,000 per year. This means that if HomeNet decides to use the warehouse space for its lab, it will forego the potential rental income of $200,000 per year.
Therefore, the opportunity cost affects HomeNet's incremental earnings in a negative way, as it is a cost that needs to be considered.To calculate the impact of this opportunity cost on HomeNet's incremental earnings, we need to subtract the $200,000 rental income that could have been earned from the incremental earnings. Assuming that HomeNet's lab generates incremental earnings of $280,000 per year, the incremental earnings after considering the opportunity cost would be: Incremental earnings = $280,000 - $200,000 = $80,000
Therefore, the correct answer is (C) $80,000. The opportunity cost reduces the incremental earnings by $200,000, resulting in an incremental earning of $80,000.
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in an assignment problem one agent can do parts of several tasks. (True or False)
The given statement "In an assignment problem, one agent can do parts of several tasks" is False because Assignment problems typically involve assigning a specific number of agents to a specific number of tasks.
Assignment problems typically involve assigning a specific number of agents to a specific number of tasks in a one-to-one manner, ensuring that each task is performed by one agent and each agent is assigned to only one task. The objective is often to minimize the total cost or time spent on completing all tasks, while considering the individual capabilities of each agent.
However, it is important to note that there are variations of assignment problems that may allow agents to be assigned to multiple tasks or work on parts of several tasks, such as the generalized assignment problem or multi-objective assignment problems. In these cases, the main goal is still to optimize the overall outcome, but the constraints and structure of the problem may differ from the traditional assignment problem.
In summary, the statement is generally false in the context of a standard assignment problem but can be true for variations or extensions of the assignment problem that allow for more flexible agent-task assignments.
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In China, Dell had to find a meaningful interpretation of "direct sales." A literal translation results in zhi xiao which is the Chinese term for "illegal pyramid marketing schemes." To counteract the negative connotation, Dell's sales representatives began using the phrase zhi xiao ding gou, which translates as: ____
In China, Dell had to find a meaningful interpretation of "direct sales" as the literal translation of zhi xiao was associated with "illegal pyramid marketing schemes," which had a negative connotation. To counteract this perception, Dell's sales representatives began using the phrase zhi xiao ding gou, which translates as "direct purchase."
This term conveyed the idea that customers could purchase Dell's products directly from the company without any intermediary involvement. The strategy of using zhi xiao ding gou was successful in overcoming the negative perception of direct sales in China. It conveyed the message that Dell's business model was transparent and trustworthy, which helped build trust with potential customers. Moreover, it aligned well with the Chinese culture, which values direct and personal relationships. The phrase zhi xiao ding gou conveyed the message that Dell was committed to building strong relationships with its customers by offering them the opportunity to purchase products directly from the company.
In conclusion, Dell's use of zhi xiao ding gou helped overcome the negative connotations of direct sales in China. It conveyed a message of transparency, trustworthiness, and commitment to building strong customer relationships.
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a. a profit-maximizing business incurs an economic loss of $10,000 per year. its fixed cost is $15,000 per year. Should it produce or shut down in the short run? Should it stay in the industry or exit in the long run?B. Suppose instead that this business has a fixed cost of $6,000 per year. Should it produce or shut down in the short run? Should it stay in the industry or exit in the long run?
A. In the short run, the business should continue to produce, despite incurring an economic loss of $10,000 per year. This is because the fixed cost of $15,000 per year is already sunk, meaning that the business has already incurred this cost and cannot recover it by shutting down.
By continuing to produce, the business can at least cover some of its variable costs and minimize its losses. However, in the long run, the business should consider exiting the industry if it continues to incur losses. This is because in the long run, all costs are variable and the business will have the option to exit the industry and avoid further losses.To determine if a profit-maximizing business should produce or shut down in the short run, we need to compare its economic loss with its fixed costs. In this case, the economic loss is $10,000 per year and the fixed cost is $15,000 per year. Since the economic loss is less than the fixed cost, the business should continue producing in the short run. In the long run, however, the business should exit the industry because it is incurring an economic loss.
B. If the business has a fixed cost of $6,000 per year, it should also continue to produce in the short run, as long as it can cover its variable costs. However, the decision to stay in the industry or exit in the long run will depend on the profitability of the business. If the business is able to generate enough revenue to cover its total costs and make a profit, it should stay in the industry. If it continues to incur losses, it may need to consider exiting the industry in the long run to avoid further financial distress.
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You work in the investment bank. 'You have been asked to make a dividend payment to a customer for a security they held . They were supposed to receive 70usd, but they only received 20usd.
Please choose the best effective choice and least effective choice respectively.
1. Call the client and explain this was a mitake. You also confirm if he is satisfied with 50usd.
2. Ask a collegue how to handle the issue. Then you work with him to resolve the error.
3. Take time to thoroughly investigate why the error happened, before informing the client.
The best effective choice is to call the client and explain that there was a mistake, then work with them to resolve the error. The least effective choice is to confirm if the client is satisfied with receiving 50 USD instead of the full 70 USD they were supposed to receive so the correct choice is (1).
It is important to prioritize addressing the client's concerns and ensuring their satisfaction in this situation. By calling the client and explaining that there was an error in their dividend payment, you show professionalism and take responsibility for the mistake. Additionally, working with the client to resolve the error ensures that their needs are met and that they receive the correct dividend payment.
On the other hand, confirming if the client is satisfied with receiving only 50 USD, instead of the full 70 USD, is not an effective solution. This approach might be perceived as unprofessional and potentially damage the relationship with the client. It is essential to ensure the client receives the correct amount they are entitled to, in order to maintain trust and uphold the reputation of the investment bank.
Asking a colleague for guidance and investigating the cause of the error are both helpful steps in the process of resolving the issue. However, these steps should not delay addressing the client's concerns and ensuring their satisfaction with the resolution.
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A customer is contacted by a phone and visited by a sales representative. A. Direct b. Indirect
A customer is contacted by a phone and visited by a sales representative is an example of a direct marketing approach. Option A
What is a direct marketing approach?Direct marketing refers to any form of advertising or promotion that is targeted directly to individual consumers, rather than through a mass medium such as TV or print advertising.
This is an example of a direct marketing approach, as the customer is being contacted directly by phone and visited by a sales representative.
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