Answer:
H₂(g) = oxidized
N₂(g) = reduced
Explanation:
Oxidized substances lose electrons and increase in oxidation number. Reduced substances gain electrons and decrease in oxidation number.
Lone elements always have an oxidation number of 0. So, N₂(g) and H₂(g) have oxidation numbers of 0.
Within compounds, hydrogen generally always have an oxidation of +1. Therefore, the hydrogen in NH₃(g) has an oxidation number of +1. In order to make the overall compound neutral, the nitrogen in NH₃(g) must have an oxidation number of -3 (to balance the +3 from the 3 hydrogens).
Since H₂(s) is losing electrons (goes from 0 to +1), it is being oxidized. Since N₂(g) is gaining electrons (goes from 0 to -3), it is being reduced.
Kinetic data for the decomposition of Cl2O2 to ClO are summarized in the following table. Cl2O2(g) --> 2 ClO(g) time (microseconds) [Cl2O2] (M) 0 6.60x10^-8 172 5.68x10^-8 345 4.89x10^-8 517 4.21x10^-8 690 3.62x10^-8 862 3.12x10^-8 A) Determine the value of the first-order rate constant. Answer units are microseconds^-1 or (us^-1). B) Determine the half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2.
(A) The value of the first-order rate constant for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is -0.00000000000058 microseconds^-1. (B) The half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is 1201.694915254237 microseconds.
A) To determine the value of the first-order rate constant, we can use the following equation:
= -ln([Cl2O2]/[Cl2O2]o) = kt
Where [Cl2O2] and [Cl2O2]o are the concentrations of Cl2O2 at different times and k is the first-order rate constant.
By substituting the values from the table into the equation, we can solve for k:
= -ln(6.60x10^-8/6.60x10^-8) = k(17210^-6)
= k = -ln(6.60x10^-8/6.60x10^-8)/(17210^-6)
= k = -0.000000000000/0.000172
= k = -0.00000000000058
The value of the first-order rate constant for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is -0.00000000000058 microseconds^-1.
B) The half-life for a first-order reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
= t1/2 = (0.693/k)
Where t1/2 is the half-life and k is the first-order rate constant.
By substituting the value of k from above, we can calculate the half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2:
= t1/2 = (0.693/-0.00000000000058)
= t1/2 = 1201.694915254237 microseconds
The half-life for the decomposition of Cl2O2 is 1201.694915254237 microseconds. It's worth to mention that the rate constant has a negative sign which indicates that the reaction is a decomposition reaction.
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The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that:
primary succession is a much longer process.
secondary succession is caused by animals, while primary succession is caused by humans.
primary succession occurs where plant life has never before existed, while secondary succession happens in an area where a community existed, but was destroyed.
primary succession occurs where plant life has never before existed, while secondary succession happens in an area where a community existed, but was destroyed.
The main difference between primary and secondary succession is that:
primary succession occurs where plant life has never before existed, while secondary succession happens in an area where a community existed, but was destroyed.The correct option is C.
What is primary and secondary succession?Primary succession occurs when a new piece of land is produced or is first exposed. This may occur, for instance, when lava solidifies and forms new rocks or when a glacier recedes and reveals bare rocks. In the initial succession, organisms have to start over.
When a site's current vegetation and soil cannot be completely removed due to the degree of disturbance, secondary succession develops. Secondary succession can start as a result of a variety of disturbances, including fire, flooding, windstorms, and human activity such as harvesting of forests.
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what hybridization would you expect for the indicated atom in each of the following molecules?
• H2c=o for c atom
• BH3 for B atom
• CH3SH for S atom
• H2C=NH for N atom
The expected hybridization for the indicated atom in each of the following molecules are:
• H2c=o for c atom- sp2
• BH3 for B atom- sp2
• CH3SH for S atom- sp3
• H2C=NH for N atom- sp2
We are aware that the mixing of valence orbitals that results in the production of sigma bonds is the definition of the hybridization state. Any given organic compound's central atom's hybridization state can be determined in part by the types of orbitals that are included in mixing and the quantity of sigma bonds that are generated. The carbon atom in this instance of H2C=O possesses three bond pairs, indicating that three electron domains are present. So SP2 would be the hybridization involved. Three electron domains for BH3 boron result in sp2 hybridization. Sulfur for CH3SH has two lone pairs and four bond pairs, indicating that there are four electron domains and SP3 hybridization. Finally, the N atom in H2C=NH exhibits SP2 hybridization due to its three electron domains.
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Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the transfer of phosphoryl group Irom ATP to glucose? Select one: a. glucoklnase b. glucose-6-phosphatase c. phosphoglucose mutase d.A transfer such as this does not occur in glycolysis. e. phosphoglucose isomerase
Hexokinase is the initial enzyme of glycolysis, catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose by ATP to glucose-6-P. It is one of the rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis.
Which enzyme catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose?Through facilitated diffusion, which is facilitated by the glucose transporter (GLUT) protein family and permits monosaccharides to pass the cell membrane predominantly as a result of concentration gradients, glucose and other monosaccharides enter the cell.
2,3,6 Hexokinase enzymes phosphorylate the molecules as they enter the cell, thereby trapping the monosaccharide inside the cell because phosphorylated monosaccharides cannot pass through the GLUT. 2,3,6.
Glucokinase is an isoform of hexokinase that differs from hexokinase in two ways: first, unlike hexokinase, it is not inhibited by the reaction product, glucose-6-phosphate; and second, it has a lower binding affinity for glucose than the other hexokinase enzymes. 2,3,6 Because of these two variations, glucokinase can function as a sensor of fuel supply because it only changes in reaction to the availability of glucose.
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i don’t know how to set up it up, pls help with explanation!!!! im very lost
The answer is d. 2
Put the value in 'n' and determine the molar mass. It will match with what is given in question,i.e., 46.00 g/mol.
draw a diagram to show the equipment you might use to prevent energy being lost during the heating of the ice/water
The equipment you might use to prevent energy being lost during the heating of the ice/water is : calorimeter.
What is a calorimeter?A calorimeter is an object used for the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes and also heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters and accelerated rate calorimeters are the most common types.
Device used to measure the amount of heat involved in a chemical or physical process is called calorimeter. For example, when exothermic reaction occurs in a solution in calorimeter, heat produced by the reaction is absorbed by solution, that results in increase in temperature.
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The chromatogram shows fluorescent peak data from a dye-terminating nucleotide sequencing reaction. The peaks are shown with shortest fragment on the left to longer fragments on the right. Select the DNA sequence that matches the data. O S-TGAAGCATTCATAT-3 O S-ACTTOGTAAGTATA-3 O S-ATATGAATGCTTCA-3 O S-TATACTTACGAAGT-3 O S-GTCCTACGGACGCG-3'
5'-GTCCTACGGACGCG-3' is the DNA sequence that matches the data given by shortest fragment on the left to longer fragments on the right.
What is chromatogram?Chromatography is a laboratory method used in chemical analysis to separate a mixture into its constituents. The combination is dissolved in a fluid solvent known as the mobile phase, which transports it through a system containing a substance known as the stationary phase. A chromatogram is the result of a chromatography run. It is a hardcopy or electronic file comprising the information generated during the chromatography run. Chromatography works on the premise of smearing molecules in a mixture onto a solid or surface, and a stable phase (fluid stationary phase) separates the components of a mixture while working with a mobile phase.
Here,
The DNA sequence 5'-GTCCTACGGACGCG-3' corresponds to the data provided by the smallest fragment on the left to the larger segments on the right.
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Draw the structural formula of (E)-1,2-dibromo-3-isopropyl-2-hexene
The structural formula of (E)-1,2-dibromo-3-isopropyl-2-hexene is attached below.
Do functional groups include isopropyl groups?In organic chemistry, isopropyl is an alternative name for propane, an alkyl functional group with three carbons.
From the name of the compound (E)-1,2-dibromo-3-isopropyl-2-hexene, hex- means the parent hydrocarbon chain has 6 carbon atoms and
-ene means this hydrocarbon has one double bond. It is present in between 2nd and 3rd carbons. 2 Bromine atoms are presented at 1st and 2nd carbons. One isopropyl group is presented at 3rd carbon of the parent chain. In this compound, the isopropyl group and bromine atom are in opposite sides of the double bond so the configuration of double bond is E.
Thus, the structural formula of (E)-1,2-dibromo-3-isopropyl-2-hexene is attached below.
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would ethanol (ch3ch2oh) be a suitable solvent in which to perform the following proton transfer?
No, ethanol is not a better solvent for the following reaction. because ethanol is more acidic then alkyne. so NH2- abstracts proton from ethanol insted of alkyne. so expected reaction will not proceed if we use ethanol. CH3CH2OH + NH2- -----------> CH3CH2O- + NH3
Ethanol is a polar solvent, which means that it has a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end. This polarity allows ethanol to dissolve polar compounds, such as acids and bases, which are commonly involved in proton transfer reactions. Ethanol also has a relatively low boiling point and is relatively less toxic than other solvents, making it a convenient choice for many laboratory procedures.
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The complete question is:
would ethanol (ch3ch2oh) be a suitable solvent in which to perform the following proton transfer?
CH3CH2OH + NH2- -----------> CH3CH2O- + NH3
Which one of the following elements forms two or more ions with different ionic charges?
a. K
b. F
c. Ca
d. O
e. Fe
One of the elements that can produce two or more ions with various ionic charges is Fe.
Describe an element.A component that makes up the entirety. When it comes to chemistry, a simple substance is one that cannot be broken down into smaller parts or changed into another substance. Atoms, which are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are the basic building blocks of an element. Protons in an element have an infinite number of atoms.
What do you mean when you say "natural elements"?The twelve natural elements are: Moon, Flower, Shadow, Light, Fire, Wind, Water, Ice, Thunder, Time, Wind, Water, Fire, Fire, Fire, and Ice. These components are each referred to by the shortened language for more sophisticated and intricate compounds.
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Why does a neutron make a better nuclear bullet than a proton or an electron?
Because neutrons are not electrically charged, they may enter atomic nuclei more easily than protons or alpha particles. It is well known that the neutron has evolved into a powerful nuclear weapon.
What is neutron?A neutron is a subatomic particle that exists in the nucleus of all atoms except basic hydrogen. The name of the particle comes from the fact that it has no electrical charge; it is neutral. Neutrons have a very high density. Neutrons, like protons, are subatomic particles that exist within the nucleus of every atom. The lone exception is hydrogen, which has a single proton in its nucleus. Neutrons are somewhat heavier than positively charged protons and have a neutral electric charge (neither negative nor positive). The neutron, symbol n, is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge. Atomic nuclei are made up of protons and neutrons. These, together with protons, are referred to as nucleons and are found within the nucleus.
Here,
Because neutrons are not electrically charged, they may pass through atomic nuclei more easily than protons or alpha particles. It is well known that the neutron has evolved into a potent nuclear weapon.
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hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals as atoms approach each other to form a bond.
TRUE OR FALSE
the above statement is true which defines the hybridization as The process of blending atomic orbitals as atomic nuclei approach each other to form a bond
The process of blending atomic orbitals as atomic nuclei approach each other to form a bond is known as hybridization. In this process, atomic orbitals of similar energy combine to form new hybrid orbitals that are more stable and have specific geometric shapes. This enables the atoms to form chemical bonds with other atoms in a specific way, which helps to account for the observed molecular geometry of many compounds. The type of hybridization that occurs depends on the number of atoms and electrons involved in the bonding process.
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calculate the molecular weight of α-melanotropin, using data in the table below.
the molecular weight of α-melanotropin - peptide = 2377.84 – 342.38 = 2035.46 daltons
The given protein contains 20 amino acids , hence this protein contains 19 peptide bonds . formation of peptide bond involves removal of one water molecule. So the molecular weight the given protein can be calculated by the following method. The sum of the molecular weight of all 20 amino acids is 2377.84 daltons, this peptide contains 19 peptide bonds , which involves the removal of 19 water molecules , , so 19 X 18.02 = 342.38. So the molecular weight of peptide = 2377.84 – 342.38 = 2035.46 daltons. Molecular weight (MW) is a measure of the mass of a molecule. It is typically expressed in daltons (Da) or atomic mass units (amu). The molecular weight of a molecule is calculated by adding up the atomic weights of all the atoms in the molecule. The molecular weight of a molecule can be calculated using the molecular formula of the compound, which gives the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.
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The complete question is :
calculate the molecular weight of α-melanotropin, using data in the table below.
The termination of translation requires which of the following? Select all that apply: O terminator tRNA O E site of the ribosomal complex O GTP O stop codon on the mRNA O release factors
The termination of translation requires stop codon on the mRNA
What is necessary for the translation to end?When a stop codon accesses the A site of the ribosome, mRNA translation is terminated. In eukaryotes, this process is controlled by the release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which form a ternary eRF1/eRF3-guanosine triphosphate (GTP) complex.
Is GTP required for translation termination?For quick and effective cessation of translation in eukaryotes, GTP hydrolysis, which is mediated in the ribosome by a complex of two polypeptide release factors, eRF1 and eRF3, is necessary.
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Lewis dot structure for diatomic molecule Cl2 S2 N2
Below are the Lewis dot structure for diatomic molecule Cl2 S2 N2.
Lewis structures are diagrams that show the valence electrons of atoms within a molecule.
They are often referred to as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures.
The valence electrons of atoms and molecules, whether they reside as lone pairs or within bonds, can be seen using these Lewis symbols and structures.
The Lewis dot rule is what?1) Identify the atoms that are linked to one another.
2) Count the valence electrons the molecule contains.
3) Substitute two electrons for each bond between the two atoms.
4) To complete the octet of the nearby atoms, add the remaining valence electrons that are available.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
How many grams of Al203 were
decomposed?
287.13
200g
888g
1148.52g
287.13 grams of Al₂O₃ were decomposed. Therefore, option A is correct.
What is molar mass ?The term molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of the compound. A mole of any substance is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules. It is called as Avogadro's number. The molar mass is a bulk property, it is not molecular, property of a substance.
2Al₂O₃ ⇒ 4Al + 3O₂
Thus, 4 mol of Al combine with 3 mol of oxygen to form 2 mol of Al₂O₃.
2 mol of Al corresponds to 2 × 27 = 54g
Thus, the weight of Al used in the reaction is 108 g.
Molar mass of Al₂O₃ is 101.96g/mol.
5.63 moles of Al = 5.63 × 54 / 101.96
= 287.13 grams
Thus, 287.13 grams of Al₂0₃ were decomposed, option A is correct.
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choose reagents from the table for conversion of 1-butanol to the following substances.
A. NaN3
b. CrO3 / H3O+
c. Dess-Martin periodinane in CH2Cl2
d. Butylamine
e. excess NH3
f. SOCl3
g. PBr3
h. Br2/ NaOH, H2O
i. 1. LiAlH4 2. H2o
j. H2/Ni, i-PrNH2
k. NaCn
Reagents for conversion of 1-butanol to the following substances includes c). Dess-Martin periodinane in CH₂Cl₂, j). H₂/Ni, i-PrNH₂, f). SOCl₃, A). NaN₃.
What is reagent?Reagents are substances or compounds that are added to a system to initiate a chemical reaction or to determine whether a reaction is taking place or not. They are used in the study of chemicals. The detection of the presence of another substance is confirmed by a similar response.
Reagent names include Grignard, Tollens, Fehling, Millon, Collins, and Fenton. However, the word reagent does not appear in the names of all reagents. Solvents, enzymes, and catalysts can also be considered reagents. Reagents may also have their limits.
chemical reaction is attached below
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Choose all the answers that apply.
Which of the following will decrease reaction rate?
Increase pressure
decrease concentration
increase concentration
decrease temperature
BRAINLIEST AND 100 POINTS!!!!
Answer:
Decreasing the temperature will decrease the rate of a reaction.
Explanation:
The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
which of the following describes covalent bonds? select all that apply. occur between atoms of similar electronegativity occur between atoms with a large electronegativity difference lower energy state and higher stability involve the sharing of electrons
Occur between atoms of similar electronegativity with lower energy state and higher stability involve the sharing of electrons.
A covalent bond is established when one or more pairs of electrons are exchanged between two atoms. These electrons are simultaneously pulled to the two atomic nuclei. When the difference in electronegativities between two atoms is too tiny for an electron transfer to take place and produce ions, a covalent bond is created. Ionic bonds are more likely to form when the electronegativity of the components differs significantly. Normally, atoms with similar electronegativity elements join together to create covalent bonds. When two atoms with the identical electronegativity come together, they form pure covalent bonds. The polarity of the covalent bond is due to minute variations in the electronegativity of the atoms. Ionic bonds form when two or more atoms have different electronegativity values on the Pauling scale. A full electron shell is created when atoms make covalent bonds, which increases stability. Atoms can fill out their outer electron shell and achieve stability by sharing their outermost (valence) electrons.
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The plants in a biome grow very tall. Which statement most likely describes the abiotic factors in the biome? (1 point)
O The biome has very cold temperatures year round.
O The biome receives abundant sunlight.
The biome's soil lacks nutrients.
O The biome has limited rainfall.
If the plants in a biome grow very tall, then statement b The biome receives abundant sunlight most likely describes the abiotic factors in the biome.
What is an abiotic factor in a biome or ecosystem?An abiotic factor in a biome or ecosystem can be defined as any nonliving variable that helps to shape the features of the are under study, which include for example, temperature, sunlight, water availability for the species living in the area, etc.
An abiotic factor in a biome or ecosystem is characterized to be the counterpart of the biotic living factors in order to shape the homeostasis of the ecosystem.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an abiotic factor in a biome is any nonliving factor that helps to form the features of a particular ecosystem such as sunlight in the case of areas with high biodiversity.
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Which of the species below would you expect to show the least hydrogen bonding? A NH3 B H2o C HF d. CH4 E; all the same
The species below would you expect to show the least hydrogen bonding is CH4 option -d is correct answer.
What is hydrogen bonding?A hydrogen atom that is sandwiched between two other atoms and has a high affinity for electrons interacts with them to form a bond that is stronger than Vander Waals forces but weaker than ionic or covalent bonds.
The most electronegative atoms, namely Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine, are absent from this compound. The result is that the methane molecule has the least hydrogen bonding.
Hydrogen bonding exist in the case in which electronegative atom like fluorine ,oxygen, nitrogen are directly attached with hydrogen.
This is possible in case of only ammonia , water and HCl.
therefore, methane will be having no hydrogen bonding at all.
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When a valid electron dot structure is written, how many double bonds will the molecule contain? A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4
Answer: I need to know what the molecule is probably A or C
Explanation:
what is the boiling point of a solution of nacl in water if the solution freezes at 0 .93c
Answer:
Explanation:
ΔT = imK
0.93 = (2)(m)(1.86)
Solve for m (molality) and use it in ΔT = imK where i = 2 and K = 0.512 and find ΔT. Add that value to 100C to find boiling point
What happens to the energy produced by blocks of Earth's crust slipping past each other? (1 point)
O It disappears at it moves through the crust.
OIt spreads out in random directions.
OIt radiates outward in all directions.
OIt increases as it reaches the surface.
What happens to the energy produced by blocks of Earth's crust slipping past each other is it radiates outward in all directions. (Option C).
What happens to the energy?When blocks of the Earth's crust slip past each other during an earthquake, the energy that is released does not disappear, spread out randomly, or increase as it reaches the surface.
Instead, the energy radiates outward in the form of seismic waves. These seismic waves travel through the Earth in all directions from the point of the earthquake's origin causing the ground to shake.
The energy carried by these waves is what is felt as the shaking during an earthquake and can be detected and measured by seismometers.
Thus, what happens to the energy produced by blocks of Earth's crust slipping past each other is it radiates outward in all directions.
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This image shows:
Which of the following organisms is not a consumer in this ecosystem?
Answer:
fungi and Bacteria
Explanation:
they does not form ecosystem they are micro-organisms that feed on decomposable materials
Which of the following is an advantage that ectotherms have over endotherms of the same size?
a. They require much less food.
b. They are less vulnerable to predation events during cold weather.
c. They can remain active in cold weather or at nighttime-when temperatures cool.
d. They have higher metabolic rates and grow much more quickly.
a. They require much less food.
of the following is an advantage that ectotherms have over endotherms of the same size
Why do ectotherms use significantly less energy than endotherms do?Another crucial fact is that endotherms often have far greater metabolic rates than ectotherms. This is due to the fact that they must consume a lot of fuel (food) to keep their internal body temperature stable.
The same amount of food can support a bigger population of similarly sized ectotherms than endotherms because endotherms use more energy than ectotherms.
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Indicate whether the following carbohydrates will give a positive or a negative result in each type of test listed below: Benedicts test, Seliwanoffs test, Fermentation test, Iodine Test, Glucose Fructose Galactose Sucrose Lactose Maltose Amylose Amylopectin
A chemical test for starch is to add iodine solution (red) and see if it turns blue/black in colour.
What carbohydrate tests positive for iodine?To identify the presence of complex carbohydrates, use an iodine solution. As the yellow-orange iodine reacts with the starch, it will turn blue-black. (The presence of simple carbohydrates or sugars will not cause the iodine solution to react.)
Credit: Carbohydrate Chemistry Slide #13 by Dr. Karin Allen. As a result, the benchtop iodine colour is brown. The amylose-iodide complex is blue-black, but the polyiodides (I3, I5, and I7) are colourless. Since the Iodine starch reaction is recognisable, it is used to determine the presence of starch in a sample.
The iodine test is an identification test for starch based on a chemical reaction. Iodine and starch in this experiment combine to generate a distinct blue-black coloured compound. The charge transfer (CT) complex between iodine and the helical structure of amylose occurs when the iodine is inside the spiral or helical helix.
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What are few conditions that might prevent a company or institution from using a solution discovered by it's scientists?
An exclusion clause by the scientists might prevent a company or institution from using a solution discovered by these scientists.
What is an exclusion clause in science?Exclusion clauses can be defined as mutual agreements that exclude the use of the info for certain contentious types of research, which may hamper the use by the company of certain discoveries from these researchers beyond the scope of the work they have done.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that an exclusion clause in science may hamper the use of discoveries for a given company.
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If South America were not there,
explain how the direction of the South
Equatorial current would be different.
Its Southern Equatorial River is diverted by the South American continent's size. The deflection of the stream causes them to flow in a different direction.
What do you understand by mass?
It's the most fundamental property of a substance and one of the fundamental physical quantities. The quantity of matter in a body is referred to as its mass. The SI gravity unit is the kilogram. (kg). The mass of a body is constant over time.
What does mass vs. weight mean?
A body's mass is the exact figure of material that composes that body, as opposed to its weight, which is the force applied to it as a consequence of the acceleration brought on by gravity. This
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at what temperature are the liquid and solid phases of n-octane in equilibrium at 1 atm?
N-octane is a hydrocarbon with eight carbon atoms.
What is equilibrium?Equilibrium is a state of balance or stability between opposing forces or actions. It is a state in which there is no net change in a system and all forces are in balance. In economics, it is used to describe the situation in which supply and demand are equal, resulting in a stable market price and no tendency for it to change.
At 1 atm of pressure, the liquid and solid phases of n-octane are in equilibrium at a temperature of -164.8 °C (-258.6 °F). This is the melting point of n-octane, and is the temperature at which it transitions from solid to liquid. At temperatures below this, n-octane is in a solid state. At temperatures above this, n-octane is in a liquid state.
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