The diagram below shows the ways cells can release energy from food depending on if
oxygen is available.
Using the diagram below, respond to the following:
**Reference that Photosynthesis Summary sheet we first saw in lesson #1 to help
you with this!!
1. Which step(s) takes place if oxygen is available?
2. Which step(s) take place if oxygen is not available?
3. Do we make more ATP when the process is aerobic or anaerobic?
4. Which specific step of aerobic cellular respiration makes the most ATP?
Answer using complete sentences.
Glycolysis
Overview of Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 +6026CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP
Oxygen present
Oxygen not present
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcohol fermentation
1
+10

Examples of genetic and environmental variation

The variety in DNA sequence seen in each of our genomes is referred to as genetic variation. We are all different from one another in terms of our hair color, complexion tone, and even the form of our features due to genetic variance.

Genes take on various shapes, or alleles, as a result of genetic variation. People with blue eyes, for instance, have one allele of the eye color gene, whereas those with brown eyes will have a different allele of the gene.

It is possible to consider that some genetic control is present in environmental variation (VE), which is variation in phenotype that cannot be accounted for by genetic variation or discernible genetic differences.

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One well-known recessive disorder is Phenylketonuria (PKU), which affects the way the body breaks down proteins contained in many foods.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an extraordinary however doubtlessly severe inherited disease. Our our bodies smash down the protein in foods, consisting of meat and fish, into amino acids, that are the "constructing blocks" of protein. Phenylketonuria, additionally referred to as PKU, is an extraordinary inherited disease that reasons an amino acid referred to as phenylalanine to accumulate withinside the body. PKU is due to a alternate withinside the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. This gene allows create the enzyme wanted to interrupt down phenylalanine. Phenylketonuria is a genetic circumstance in which ranges of phenylalanine building up for your body. If left untreated, phenylketonuria can have an effect on a person's cognitive development. Treatment with medicines and/or nutritional modifications assist lessen symptoms.

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Reactions of photosynthesis:

Energy from Sunlight is used to breakdown Water in order to release electrons in order to synthesize ATP and NADPH from ADP and NADP+ in the light-dependent reaction that occurs in the chloroplast. Electron transport chain, photosystem I, photosystem II, and ATP synthase are the processes involved in this stage.

The light-independent stage, also known as the Calvin cycle, uses ATP, NADPH, and CO2 as reactants to produce SUGAR (glucose), NADP+, and ADP as products.

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The current neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend to start chest compression in a newborn infant if the heart rate remains <60 beats per minute despite adequate ventilation for 60 s .

A small percentage (less than 10%) of newborn babies need active resuscitative measures in order to establish a loud cry or consistent breathing, keep their heart rates over 100 beats per minute (bpm), and acquire acceptable color and tone.

The establishment of proper ventilation has to be your top priority. If stimulation does not result in the prompt commencement of spontaneous respirations or the heart rate is below 100 bpm, give assisted ventilation while paying close attention to oxygen delivery, inspiratory time, and effectiveness as determined by chest rise.

To obtain roughly 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute, time chest compressions with ventilations at a 3:1 ratio at a rate of 120 events per minute. If the heart rate is below 60 beats per minute after 30 seconds of efficient aided breathing and circulation, provide epinephrine (chest compressions).

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Answer:

Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity.

Wise dominion over the process of photosynthesis can be exercised in such a way that all the people and animals can benefit from it and we can use it correctly.

Photosynthesis is a process that plants and other organisms use to convert light energy into chemical energy that can then be released to fuel the organism's activities via cellular respiration. Some of this chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars and starches, which are formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis is performed by the majority of plants, algae, and cyanobacteria; these organisms are known as photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis is responsible for producing and maintaining the oxygen content of the Earth's atmosphere, as well as supplying the majority of the energy required for life on Earth.

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Treating chronic disease naturally is becoming increasingly popular as more people look to natural remedies to support their health and wellbeing. There are a number of strategies you can use to treat chronic disease naturally, such as making lifestyle changes, utilizing natural treatments and supplements, and finding supportive resources.

Lifestyle changes are key to treating chronic disease naturally, as they can help reduce inflammation, reduce stress, and improve overall wellness.

Eating a healthy, balanced diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep are all important lifestyle changes that can help to manage chronic illness. Additionally, reducing your exposure to environmental toxins and managing stress levels can be beneficial.

Natural treatments and supplements can also be used to help treat chronic disease naturally. Herbs, essential oils, and dietary supplements can be used to support a healthy immune system, reduce inflammation, and support overall wellbeing.

Finally, finding supportive resources can be helpful in managing chronic illness naturally. Support groups, online forums, and communities can provide emotional support and help connect individuals with resources and information to help them manage their chronic disease.

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To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, the circulatory and respiratory system works together.

The respiratory system is what aids in breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. The circulatory system is the system that assists in supplying tissues with oxygen from the lungs and in removing carbon dioxide from the tissues by way of the lungs. In this way, both of these processes assist in the supply of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide as waste.

The blood that carries waste (CO₂) from the tissue via the heart will first carry the oxygen inhaled to the lungs, where it will be exchanged with the blood. The oxygen will then be sent to the heart, where it will be used to pump oxygen-rich blood to the tissues. Additionally, blood that has lost oxygen will transport waste from the tissue.

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Answer:

A and C

Explanation:

Gills are used by marine animals e.g fish while lungs are used by mammals. They take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide ,oxygen is the life force of most animals and carbon dioxide is the waste product.

They have leaves with thorns or leaves that have been modified to contain thorns. Additionally, they feature large, bulky leaves that are used to store reserpine or other alkaline compounds like latex.

The billions of individuals that currently inhabit the earth are all descendants of one species, Homo sapiens. Just like other animals, humans vary among themselves in terms from everything from height and looks to skin tone and eye color. But by a significant percentage, our commonalities outweigh our differences.

Most evolutionary scientists make the distinction between one species and another based on effort to start: if two individuals of a different species marry, the offspring are frequently sterile, unviable, or have some other decreased fitness.

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The role of the respiratory system is to help in gaseous exchange and the role of the circulatory system is to supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the tissue.

The respiratory system aids in the inhalation of oxygen and the exhalation of carbon dioxide. Additionally, the circulatory system is the system that aids in removing carbon dioxide from tissues by way of the lungs and supplying oxygen from the lungs to tissues. This method of oxygen supply and carbon dioxide waste removal is made possible by both of these processes.

The oxygen that is inhaled first travels to the lungs where it is exchanged with the blood that carries the waste (CO₂) from the tissue via the heart. From the heart, the oxygen in the oxygenated blood is delivered to the tissues.  And the deoxygenated blood tissue carries the waste products from the tissue.

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Students who do not genuinely have anorexia are more likely to be ruled out by this screening test than those who do.

The screening test indicates that anorexic children have a 38% chance of testing positive while anorexic students have a 97% chance of testing negative.

Those who test positive for disease have a 63% likelihood of having it, whereas those who test negative have a 91% chance of being disease-free. An unjustified fear of being overweight and a skewed body image are characteristics of anorexia.

Attempts to keep a weight below average by fasting or excessive activity are symptoms. To get back to normal weight, medical intervention could be required.

College students face a lot of pressure to be social and presentable because they are frequently in the company of people their own age. Numerous children decide when, what, and how much to eat for the first time. The two most typical eating disorders are bulimia and anorexia. Usually, eating disorders start between the ages of 18 and 21. In college, between 10 and 20% of women and 4 to 10% of males struggle with eating disorders, and the prevalence is rising.

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The body’s natural immune responses to injury that are causing John's symptoms are the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response.

The primаry function of the immune system is to defend the body from pаthogens, which аre diseаse-cаusing orgаnisms such аs viruses аnd bаcteriа. Tissues, cells, аnd proteins in the immune system work together to аchieve this function.

When а pаthogen gets into the body, the immune system reаcts in 2 wаys.

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Answer:

Muscular system, nervous system, skeletal system

Digestive system, blood circulatory system, respiratory system

Nervous system, muscular system, skeletal system

The most well-known impact of using non-renewable energy sources is the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbondioxide gas etc.

We pursue to use of non-renewable resources, in specific, carbon dioxide and methane give to climate change. Different types of non-renewable energy fuels emit high levels of greenhouse gases.

Minerals is used for making metals which are also non-renewable natural resources. Nonrenewable natural resources take extended than a person's lifespan to be returned. In fact, Non-renewable energy can take millions of years to form. Fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and gas will not last forever.

So we can conclude that The problem with non-renewable energies is the ecological impact of non-renewable energies · The fuel of climate change.

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Answer: There is no single ultimate authority on ethical issues, and different individuals and groups may have different approaches and sources of guidance for resolving them. The resolution may depend on the context, values, and beliefs of those involved.

Explanation:
(⌐■_■)

Genetic drift, natural selection and gene flow are some of the factors that can affect a change in the frequency of genetic alleles in a population.

Alleles are basically two or more versions of the same gene present in the DNA. Allelic frequencies basically determine the number of times a particular allele of a gene is found in a specific population. The allelic frequency of a population changes over time and is dictated by a few factors like natural selection, gene flow and genetic drift.

Natural selection is the process by which the organisms which have desirable characteristics are able to survive over the ones who do not. Genetic drift is the process in which a change in allelic frequency is observed due to chance. Gene flow is when there is a movement of genes in and out of a particular population.

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This depends on the idea that genuinely harmed patients ought to have something like 10 minutes of scene-time adjustment by crisis clinical personnel preceding vehicle to conclusive consideration at an emergency room.

Paramecia can possibly spread destructive sicknesses in the human body by irregularity, however, they can likewise serve an advantage to people by obliterating Cryptococcus neoformans, a sort of illness brought about by extraordinary organisms (from the variety Cryptococcus) that can spread in the human body and influence the resistant framework.

Paramecia assume a part in the carbon cycle in light of the fact that the microscopic organisms they eat are much of the time found on rotting plants. Paramecium will eat the rotting plant matter notwithstanding the microscopic organisms, further supporting disintegration. Paramecia can be utilized as model organic entities in research.

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Answer: A composer may want to alter or highlight a rhythm or a tone to create a desired effect or mood. By emphasizing certain rhythms or tones, a composer can create a sense of urgency, tension, or excitement. Additionally, by altering the rhythm or tone, a composer can add texture or depth to a piece of music, making it more interesting and unique.

The following are some hypotheses about the dwarf planet Pluto:

Non-falsifiable

Falsifiable

A falsifiable hypothesis is one that can be refuted by tests. The most recent technology. Non-falsifiable hypothesis, on the other hand, cannot be tested. It cannot be refuted because tests have proven it to be true.

Pluto is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, which is a ring of bodies beyond Neptune's orbit. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-massive known object to orbit the Sun directly. It is by far the largest known trans-Neptunian object by volume, but it is slightly less massive than Eris.

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Reason behind Frameshift mutations are severe because A) When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases downstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.So,correct option is A.

Fundamentally, a frameshift mutations causes changes in the hereditary material, codons, and proteins, which can prompt numerous difficulties and issues, some of which are the Tay-Sachs sickness, however it can likewise make an individual be more inclined to specific malignant growths.

A frameshift mutations (likewise called an outlining mistake or a perusing outline shift) is a hereditary change brought about by indels (additions or cancellations) of various nucleotides in a DNA succession that isn't distinct by three. Because of the trio idea of quality articulation by codons, the inclusion or erasure can change the understanding edge (the gathering of the codons), bringing about something else altogether from the first. The previous in the succession the erasure or addition happens, the more changed the protein. A frameshift mutation isn't equivalent to a solitary nucleotide polymorphism in which a nucleotide is supplanted, as opposed to embedded or erased.

Hence,correct option is A.

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Natural selection is founded on three principles: most qualities are inherited inheritance, more children are born than can survive competition, and children with more desirable characteristics will survive and produce more offspring variation.

One of the four fundamental tenets of evolutionary theory, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift, is natural selection. Populations that exhibit variety in features, such as colour, are subject to natural selection. Its core tenet is that individuals are more likely to reproduce when they possess a characteristic that makes them more likely to survive in a given environment than their counterparts. Four requirements must be met for natural selection to take place: reproduction, inheritance, variety in physical traits, and variation in the number of children produced by each person.

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The reason behind the acceptance of Darwin's theory is based on D It is supported by practical evidence and examples which help to shape a scientific theory such as in this case.

The presence of evidence is key to formulating a scientific theory because all theories in sciences are based on the repetitive observation of empirical data that can be used to make predictions and thus tested i.e., confirmed or rejected by experimental or observational procedures such as in the case of the evolutionary theory proposed by Charles Darwin to explain the origin of species.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that the presence of evidence is fundamental in order to formulate a scientific theory since this info allow us to understand a given observation of the natural world and also allow us to make predictions.

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Yes, both arrangements of chromosomes in late prophase I are equally likely during the formation of tetrads. This is because, during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes replicate and then line up in pairs, known as tetrads.

During this process, the chromosomes can line up in any order, as long as the homologous chromosomes are paired together. Since the two arrangements of chromosomes in late prophase I consist of homologous chromosomes, they are both equally likely during the formation of tetrads.

Furthermore, during meiosis, the homologous chromosomes randomly separate and move to opposite sides of the cell in anaphase I, so the order of the chromosomes in late prophase I will not affect the outcome of meiosis.

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The flu vaccine is a type of vaccine that protects the body against the flu. It develops antibodies after two weeks of vaccination. These antibodies provide protection against influenza viruses.

The flu vaccine reduces the risk of flu illnesses, hospitalization, and flu-related death. It only protects the body against influenza, not any other illnesses.

The pancreas uses its multiple hormones, primarily glucagon and insulin, to keep blood glucose levels within a very narrow range of 4-6 mM. This is accomplished by the opposing and balanced actions of glucagon and insulin, a process known as glucose homeostasis.

Insulin and glucagon are hormones that assist manage your body's blood glucose — sometimes known as sugar — levels. Glucose is produced from food and flows in your bloodstream to promote digestion.

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The correct option (c)  Endosymbiosis in the ancestors of eukaryotes, and again in photosynthetic eukaryotes led to the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which retain parts of their original genomes.

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a non-coding RNA that is the principal component of ribosomes, which are required by all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme that conducts protein synthesis in ribosomes.

Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from rDNA and then bound to ribosomal proteins to produce small and large ribosomal subunits. The ribosome's physical and mechanical element that causes transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) to process and translate the latter into proteins is rRNA.

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In Point insertion DNA sequence is changed by adding one or more nucleotides to the gene. In deletion DNA sequence changed by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene.

In general, a Point mutation refers to alteration in a single base pair of DNA by substitution, deletion, or insertion of a single nitrogenous base. most common example of point mutation is sickle cell anemia. that consists of mutation in a single base pair in the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin pigment in the blood cells.

While , deletion mutation generally takes place when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication. Thus the uncopied part remains as small as a single nucleotide or as an entire chromosome.

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Answer:

Secondary succession is more common and usually occurs faster than primary succession because the substrate is already present.

Explanation:

Hope it helped:)

Diploid organisms is used to describe an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait both alleles either upper case or lower case .

Each chromosome in diploid cells has two identical copies, typically one from the mother and one from the father. Mammals are nearly all diploid organisms. The only known exceptions are the presumed tetraploid (having four chromosomal sets) plains viscacha rat and golden viscacha rat (as of 2004).

The huge genome sizes of these two rodents are best explained by the amplification and dispersion of repetitive sequences, according to some genetic studies, which reject any possibility of polyploidy in mammals as implausible. A small percentage of the cells in all healthy diploid individuals show polyploidy. 46 chromosomes can be found in human diploid cells.

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Chronically tight muscles can be release by Stretching ,Massage ,Foam Rolling and Strengthening.

Chronically tight muscles can be caused by over using muscle , poor posture , stress , anxiety and depression . This stiffness can commonly occurs after extensive exercise or lifting weights.  this stiffness can also occurs after periods of inactivity, like prolonged sitting and  sleeping for long hours in the bed.

In general , Muscle pain can effect almost every part of your body, which may include your neck, back, legs and even your hands. These pain can be relived by various medication that includes relaxant and ointments that soothes the pain .

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