One of the hallmark treatments for shock is fluid replacement, and the nurse is aware of this. In order to treat acidosis, the crystalloid fluid that is commonly used is called lactated Ringer's solution.
Fluid replacement is a crucial aspect of managing shock, as it helps restore blood volume and improve tissue perfusion. The nurse recognizes the significance of fluid therapy in treating this condition. Acidosis, characterized by an imbalance in the body's pH levels, can be a complication of shock.
To address acidosis and restore the body's acid-base balance, a crystalloid fluid known as lactated Ringer's solution is commonly employed. Lactated Ringer's solution contains sodium, potassium, calcium, and lactate, which helps in correcting acidosis by providing bicarbonate precursors.
This fluid not only replenishes the intravascular volume but also aids in the restoration of pH levels, making it an appropriate choice for treating acidosis associated with shock.
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how the molecule’s properties affect the physical properties of a molecule
The intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds or van der Waals attractions, which draw one molecule to its neighbors, govern a substance's physical properties. Due to the relatively weak intermolecular forces of attraction, molecular substances typically take the form of gases, liquids, or low melting point solids.
How do the intermolecular forces affect physical properties?The forces that bind two molecules together are known as intermolecular forces. Intermolecular forces have an impact on physical properties. Strong and weak forces both exist; the stronger the force, the more energy is needed to separate the molecules from one another. As intermolecular forces increase melting, boiling, and freezing points rise.
The following intermolecular forces are listed in order of strength:
Van der Waals dispersion forcesVan der Waals dipole-dipole interactionsHydrogen bondingIonic bondsIt would take very little energy to separate two molecules if they are connected by van der Waals dispersion forces. On the other hand, it requires a lot more energy to separate two molecules that are joined together by ionic bonds.
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The combination of sucrose, sucrase, and water produces sucrase, glucose, and fructose. Which component of the reaction is the substrate
Answer:
Sucrose to is the substrate of the reaction because is a simple sugar( disaccharide) which produce glucose and fructose in the presence of sucrase or when it is hydrolysed.
C6 h12o6 6o2 adp pi 6co2 6 h2o molecule a heat the molecule referred to as ""molecule a"" in the equation above is:_________
a. atp.
b. nadph.
c. nadh.
d. adp.
The "molecule a" referred to ATP in the equation.
So, option A is correct one.
The equation is given as,
[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6}+ 6O_{2}[/tex] → [tex]6CO_{2}+ 6H_{2}O + ATP[/tex]
The above equation indicates the respiration activities in the plants.
The aerobic respiration takes place in the Mitochondria and which requires oxygen and glucose and produces carbon dioxide , water and energy.
The energy is in the form of ATP. The pull form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate. The ATP is also called energy carrier because it found in the cells of the all living organism and this molecule carries energy.
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A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M., how many grams will be present at 2:00 P. M. on the same day
A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
What is half Life ?Half life is the amount of time required to reduce to one half of its initial value. The symbol of half life is [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex].
How to calculate the quantity remaining when half life given ?It is expressed as:
[tex]N_{t} = N_{0} (\frac{1}{2})^{n}[/tex]
where,
N(t) = quantity remaining
N₀ = initial quantity
n = half life that have passed
Now put the values in above expression we get
[tex]N_{t} = 1.0\ g \times (\frac{1}{2})^{1}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1}{2} g[/tex]
= 0.5 gram
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
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A glass column is filled with mercury and inverted in a pool of mercury. The mercury column stabilizes at a height of 729 mm above the pool of mercury. What is the pressure of the atmosphere
The atmospheric pressure will be:
The pressure of the atmosphere resulting from the mercury column is 0.959 atm
What is atmospheric pressure?
The force that an object experiences from the weight of the air above it per unit area are known as atmospheric pressure.
Given: Height of mercury column = 729 mm Hg
To find: The pressure of the atmosphere
Calculation:
The atmospheric column resulting from the mercury column is calculated as follows:
1 atm =760 mm Hg
So, we can convert the 729 mm Hg to atm, and we get
Atmospheric pressure = 729 x 1 atm / 760 = 0.959 atm
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A pure liquid has a constant boiling point, but a liquid with a constant boiling point is not necessarily pure. Explain.
A pure liquid has a constant boiling point (at constant pressure). A change in boiling during distillation is an indication of impurity. The opposite, proposition, however, is not always true, and a constant boiling point does not necessarily mean that the liquid is pure.
This is because, at the boiling point, vapor and liquid are in equilibrium, and, if the composition of the vapor and liquid remains constant through the process, the temperature will also remain constant.
The boiling point can differ by location depending on pressure. Why does not a pure liquid in a distilling flask vaporize all at once whilst the boiling temperature is reached? Additional heat must be supplied for a phase change to occur.
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What is surface tension? what is the relationship between intermolecular forces and surface tension? how does surface tension change with temperature?
Because of its molecule's cohesive nature, surface tension has the quality to resist an external force.
Surface tension is simply a property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force.
If the intermolecular forces are stronger further results in higher surface tension. For example; water has a high surface tension resulting in strong dipole intermolecular forces. Another example is oil. Oil has a low surface tension resulting in lower dipole intermolecular forces.
Temperature is inversely proportional to Surface tension. Therefore, surface tension increases as the temperature decreases.
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5. A 180 mL disinfectant solution contains 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol. Determine the V/V
concentration of this solution.
The % V/V concentration of a 180-mL disinfectant solution containing 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol is 47 % V/V.
What is the % V/V concentration?It refers to the milliliters of solute for every 100 milliliters of solution.
We have 180 mL of a disinfectant solution that contains 85 mL of isopropyl alcohol (solute).
The % V/V concentration of this solution is:
% V/V = (mL solute/mL solution) × 100% =
% V/V = (85 mL/180 mL) × 100% = 47% V/V
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Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 3, what can we say about the results of the mixture
If chemical A has a toxicity level of one and chemical B has a toxicity level of two and the mixture of these two chemicals has a toxicity level of three, it means that the mixture of these two chemicals form a synergistic mixture. This is condition is known as synergism.
A synergistic effect is exerted when a greater effect is exerted than the added effect of both the chemicals together. This is applicable for toxic chemicals as well as non-toxic chemicals. Synergism can be dangerous in the case of both toxicology or chemicals in general. The greater effect of toxic chemicals can result in a dangerous mixture, which could prove to have fatal effects in many cases. The opposite of synergistic effect is antagonistic effect. The antagonistic effect is the effect where the overall effect of these two chemicals would be less than the sum of the effects imparted by the individual chemicals.
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In a certain reaction, 27.3 g of iron reacts with 45.8 g of oxygen. What is the limiting reactant?
The limiting reactant for the reaction between 27.3 g of iron and 45.8 g of oxygen is iron
Balanced equationWe'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction between iron and oxygen. This is given below:
4Fe + 3O₂ --> 2Fe₂O₃
Molar mass of Fe = 56 g/mol
Mass of Fe from the balanced equation = 4 × 56 = 224 g
Molar mass of O₂ = 16 × 2 = 32 g/mol
Mass of O₂ from the balanced equation = 3 × 32 = 96 g
SUMMARY
From the balanced equation above,
224 g of Fe reacted with 96 g of O₂
How to determine the limiting reactantThe limiting reactant can be obtain as illustrated below:
From the balanced equation above,
224 g of Fe reacted with 96 g of O₂
Therefore,
27.3 g of Fe will react with = (27.3 × 96) / 224 = 11.7 g of O₂
From the calculation above, we can see that only 11.7 g of O₂ out of 45.8 g given is required to react completely with 27.3 g of Fe.
Thus, Fe is the limiting reactant.
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TRY
Which element, represented by X, reacts with chlorine to produce the compound XCI?
Answer:
Aluminum
Explanation:
Each chlorine atom needs one more valence electron to have a full valence electron shell, so X needs to have 3 valuence electrons. The only that satisfies this is aluminum.
A student dissolves a mass of ammonium nitrate in water and notices that the temperature of the mixture decreases by
2.7 °C. The student concludes that the process of dissolving ammonium nitrate is
The conclusion of the student would be that the dissolution of ammonium nitrate is endothermic.
What are endothermic reactions?They are reactions in which heat is absorbed from the surrounding. The consequence is that the reaction mixture's temperature is always lower.
Thus, the energy of the products is always higher than the energy of the reactants in endothermic reactions.
For endothermic reactions, the enthalpy change is always positive.
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6. M = mol solute
L solution
Rewrite this expression for L solution.
Answer:
L = mol solute / M
Explanation:
To rewrite the equation for liters (L), you need to:
M = mol solute / L <----- Given equation
M x L = mol solute <----- Multiply both sides by L
L = mol solute / M <----- Divide both sides by M
11.A student titrated a diprotic weak acid (H2A) with 0.100 M NaOH. The titration required 22.58 mL of NaOH solution to reach the equivalence point. How many moles of diprotic acid were present
Moles of diprotic acid present were:
A mole of diprotic acid contains 0.0023 moles [tex]H_{2}A[/tex].
Law of dilution:
Titrations are conducted using the law of dilution.
The number of moles of solute divided by the arrangement's volume in liters is known as molarity.
The number of moles per liter of solution is referred to as molarity. Additionally, we write it as M. Furthermore, we employ the following equation to determine molarity:
Molarity = moles of solute/liter of solution.
Calculation:
Moles of acid = moles of base
n = M/V
Moles of [tex]H_{2}A[/tex] = Moles of NaOH used
Therefore, 0.100 x 0.02258L = 0.0023 mol [tex]H_{2}A[/tex]
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A helium balloon has a volume of 2600 cm 3 when the temperature is 21°C. What is the
volume of the balloon when it's placed in a freezer with a temperature of -15°C?
Answer:
2,282 cm³
Explanation:
If all other variables are being held constant, you can find the new volume of the balloon using the Charles' Law equation. The equation looks like this:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
In this equation, "V₁" and "T₁" represent the initial volume and temperature. "V₂" and "T₂" represent the final volume and temperature. Before you can solve for the new volume, you need to convert Celsius to Kelvin (negative values do not work in this equation). This can be done by adding 273.15 to each temperature.
V₁ = 2600 cm³ V₂ = ? cm³
T₁ = 21 °C + 273.15 = 294.15 K T₂ = -15 °C + 273.15 = 258.15 K
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂ <----- Charles' Law
(2600 cm³) / (294.15 K) = V₂ / (258.15 K) <----- Insert values
8.839 = V₂ / (258.15 K) <----- Simplify left side
2282 = V₂ <----- Multiply both sides by 258.15
Predict the mass (in grams) of precipitate that will form if a solution containing 2. 34 g of cesium hydroxide is added to a solution containing a large excess of tiso4?
The mass (in grams) of precipitate is 0.6386 gram.
Calculation,
To find the mass of precipitate, first we have to find the precipitate. So, the chemical reaction when cesium hydroxide react to large excess of [tex]TiSO_{4}[/tex].
Mole of cesium hydroxide = given mass/molar mass = 2.34 gm/ 149.912 g/mol= 0.0156 moles
[tex]2CsOH+TiSO_{4}[/tex]→[tex]Ti(OH)_{2} +Cs_{2} SO_{4}[/tex]
So, mole ratio 2: 1
It means two moles of cesium hydroxide required to form one mole of titanium hydroxide.
To produce 0.0156 moles of cesium hydroxide = 0.0156 moles×1 mole/2
Mole of titanium hydroxide = 0.0078 mole
Mole of titanium hydroxide = given mass/molar mass of titanium hydroxide
Mole of titanium hydroxide = given mass/81.82 g/mol = 0.0078 mole
Mass of titanium hydroxide = 0.0078 mole ×81.88 g/mol = 0.6387 gm
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Ionic compounds are ______ at room temperature and generally have ______ melting and boiling points.
Thus all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and generally they have very high melting and boiling points.
There are strong electrostatic attractive forces between the positive and negative ions in ionic solids. These extremely powerful forces must be overcome in order to melt the solid. As a result, all ionic compounds are solids at room temperature and have extremely high melting and boiling points.
E.g. MgF2 has a melting point of. 1261°C and a boiling point of 2239°C
The strong forces between the ions are difficult to break, which also explains why ionic compound crystals are hard. Ionic substances form massive ionic lattices with oppositely charged ions.
What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?Ionic compounds are made up of charged particles known as ions. It has a massive lattice structure with strong electrostatic attraction forces. Giant ionic lattices are regular structures found in ionic compounds.
In Chemistry, some examples of ionic compounds are:
Sodium chloride.Sodium oxide.Lithium chloride.Aluminum chloride.Potassium bromide.Learn more about ionic compounds:
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Which of the following atoms would be an ion?
A. An atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons.
B. An atom with 5 protons and 5 electrons.
C. None of these
D. An atom with 8 protons and 8 neutrons.
Considering the definition of ion, an atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons (option A) is an ion since the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, acquiring a positive charge.
What is an ionAn ion is an electrically charged particle that is made up of an atom or molecule that is not electrically neutral, that is, that in its constitution has gained or lost electrons.
In other words, an ion is a molecule or atom that has a positive or negative electrical charge. That is, an ion is an atom whose electrical charge is not neutral.
On the other hand, an atom is made up of a nucleus made up of protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutrally charged), around which electrons (negatively charged) orbit.
An atom has as many protons as electrons, so the total charge is zero and it is globally neutral.
The loss or gain of electrons allows the atom to acquire an electrical charge, transforming itself into an ion. If the electrical charge is positive, it is called a cation; if it is negative, it is called an anion.
SummaryAn atom with 11 protons and 9 electrons (option A) is an ion since the number of electrons is less than the number of protons, acquiring a positive charge.
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How many chlorine molecules are in 6.5 moles of chlorine?
Answer:
the number of chlorine molecules in 6.5 moles of chlorine is calculated as follows
by use of Avogadro constant that is 1mole = 6.02 x10^23 molecules
what about 6.5 moles
6.5 x ( 6.02x 10^23)= 3.913 x10^24
Explain why increasing extracellular k reduces the net diffusion of k out of the neuron through the k leak channels
This because the concentration gradient does not favor diffusion of potassium ions through the K leak channels.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is the movement of molecules of substances from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration.
Diffusion of ions through the cell membrane takes places through leak channels due to concentration gradient.
The diffusion of potassium ions in and out of the cell depends on the extracellular concentration of potassium ions.
When extracellular concentration of potassium ions increases, it reduces the net diffusion of K out of the neuron through the k leak channels because the concentration gradient does not favor outward movement of potassium ions.
In conclusion, the diffusion of potassium ions through K leak channels depends on concentration gradient.
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A volume measured by a graduated cylinder that was marked in 100 mL
increments would be reported to the nearest __________mL
The volume measured using such a cylinder will be reported to the nearest 10th mL.
Cylinder graduation10 mL graduated cylinders are always read to the nearest two decimal places.
100 mL graduated cylinders are always read to the nearest 1 decimal place. The nearest 1 decimal place is the same thing as the nearest 10th.
Thus, a reading made using a 100mL increment graduated cylinder would be reported to the nearest 10th mL.
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Select the correct answer.
Given:
2AI + 6HCI-2AlCl3 + 3H2
If the chemical reaction produces 129 grams of AlCl3, how many grams of H₂ are also produced?
OA 1.22
OB. 2.92
OC. 3.02
OD. 3.65
Answer:
B.) 2.92
Explanation:
Tp find the mass of H₂ produced, you need to (1) convert grams AlCl₃ to moles AlCl₃ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles AlCl₃ to moles H₂ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (3) convert moles H₂ to grams H₂ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units.
Molar Mass (AlCl₃): 26.982 g/mol + 3(35.453 g/mol)
Molar Mass (AlCl₃): 133.341 g/mol
2 Al + 6 HCl ---> 2 AlCl₃ + 3 H₂
Molar Mass (H₂): 2(1.008 g/mol)
Molar Mass (H₂): 2.016 g/mol
129 g AlCl₃ 1 mole 3 moles H₂ 2.016 g
------------------ x ------------------ x --------------------- x --------------- =
133.341 g 2 moles AlCl₃ 1 mole
= 2.93 g H₂
*our answers are most likely different due to using slightly different molar masses
Element m reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula mf4. the m cation has 18 electrons. element m is:____.
Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF₄. The M cation has 18 electrons. Element M is Sn.
What is Ionic Compound ?An ionic compound is defined as the compound made up of ions that formed charge particles when an atom loses or gains electrons.
What is Cation ?Cations are positively charged ions. It forms when an element lose one or more electrons.
The cation which has 18 electrons is Sn. Sn react with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula SnF₄ because Sn is large and F is very small in size.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Element M reacts with fluorine to form an ionic compound with the formula MF₄. The M cation has 18 electrons. Element M is Sn.
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You can practice converting between the mass of a solution and mass of solute when the mass percent concentration of a solution is known. The concentration of the KCN solution given in Part A corresponds to a mass percent of 0.208 % . What mass of a 0.208 % KCN solution contains 914 mg of KCN ? Express the mass to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
The mass of the solution will be 4,394 mg
Mass percentThe mass percent of a component in a solution can be derived as follows:
Mass percent = mass of component/total mass of solution x 100%
In this case, the mass percent of KCN in the solution is 0.208 and the mass of KCN is 914 mg.
The mass of the 0.208% KCN solution will be:
914/0.208 = 4,394 mg
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Ethanol is one of many toxic substances found in tobacco smoke.
a. True
b. False
The statement is False.
Ethanol is one of many toxic substances found in tobacco smoke.
Ethanol is used in the manufacture of drugs, plastics, lacquers, polishes, plasticizers, and cosmetics. Ethanol is utilized in remedy as a topical antiinfective, and as an antidote for ethylene glycol or methanol overdose.
Ethanol is a natural chemical compound. it's far simple alcohol with the chemical formula C₂H₆O. Its system can be additionally written as CH ₃−CH ₂−OH or C ₂H ₅OH and is frequently abbreviated as EtOH. Ethanol is a risky, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like smell and pungent taste.
Within the worst instances, there can also be respiratory problems, low blood strain, incontinence coronary heart troubles, blood troubles, liver damage, and loss of life. Ethanol can also dry out and worsen the skin; there may be aches, redness, and swelling. Eye publicity to ethanol also can purpose tearing, burning, and stinging.
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(REALLLY NEED HELP) What takes extra electrical current from a wire or appliance and prevents it from going somewhere dangerous?
a ground
a resistor
a loopback
a current
Answer:
A resistor resists extra electric current.
121) The sugar sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen
atoms. How would this be written?
A) Co12H22O1
B) CI2H22011
C) C6H1206
D) CacH1206
122) How are the elements organized on the periodic table?
A) Atomic Mass
B) Element Name
C) Symbol
D) No Set Organization
123) Which of the following elements would be considered a compound?
A) CH
B) Si
C)F
D) O6
124) The formula for water is H2O meaning there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1
Oxygen. What is the atomic mass of one molecule to the nearest hundredth?
A) 15.99
B) 16.99
C) 17.99
D) 18.99
Answer:
Explanation:
121) The sugar sucrose has 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms and 11 oxygen
atoms. How would this be written?
A) Co12H22O1 [Co is cobalt]
B) CI2H22011 [Yes]
C) C6H1206 [6 C atoms]
D) CacH1206 [Ca is calcium]
122) How are the elements organized on the periodic table?
A) Atomic Mass [Yes, from lightest to heaviest]
B) Element Name
C) Symbol
D) No Set Organization
123) Which of the following elements would be considered a compound?
A) CH [Yes, two or more elements combined]
B) Si [No]
C)F [No]
D) O6 [No, multiple atoms, but same element]
124) The formula for water is H2O meaning there are 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1
Oxygen. What is the atomic mass of one molecule to the nearest hundredth?
A) 15.99
B) 16.99
C) 17.99 [Yes, 16 + 2*1 = 18]
D) 18.99
If you react 1.50 mL of cyclohexanol, which has a density of 0.9624 g/mL, with 1.24 mL of 85% phosphoric acid, which has a density of 1.6845 g/mL, what is the theoretical yield (in g) of cyclohexene
the theoretical yield of cyclohexene 1.24ml as phosphoric acid acts as limiting reagent.
What is Limiting Reagent?When a chemical reaction is complete, the limiting reagent—also known as the limiting reactant or limiting agent—is the reactant that has been completely consumed.Since the reaction cannot proceed without this reagent, the amount of product that can be produced is constrained.Excess reagents or excess reactants are any reagents that are present in amounts greater than those necessary to cause a reaction with the limiting reagent (sometimes abbreviated as "xs").The theoretical yield is the quantity of product obtained when the limiting reagent reacts completely, hence it is necessary to identify the limiting reagent in order to compute the percentage yield of a reaction.To learn more about limiting reagent with the given link
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Which best describes the reducing agent in the reaction below? cl2(aq) 2br–(aq) right arrow. 2cl–(aq) br2(aq)
The [tex]Br^{-}[/tex] describes the reducing agent in the reaction below.
[tex]Cl_{2} (aq) + 2Br^{-} (aq)[/tex] → [tex]2Cl^{-}(aq) + Br_{2}( aq)[/tex]
Reducing agent is the species in which oxidation is takes place. Reducing agent is the species in which loss of electrons is takes place. In the above reaction bromine ion in left hand side of the reaction loss electron to become bromine atom. So, bromine ion is reducing agent.
Oxidizing agent is the species in which reduction is takes place. Oxidizing agent is the species in which gain of electrons is takes place. In the above reaction chlorine atom in right hand side of the reaction gain electron to become chlorine ion. So, chlorine atom is reducing agent.
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The enthalpy of vaporization of Bromine is 15.4 kJ/mol. What is the energy change when 80.2 g of Br2 condenses to a liquid at 59.5°C?
The enthalpy of vaporization of Bromine is 15.4 kJ/mol. -7.7 kJ is the energy change when 80.2 g of Br₂ condenses to a liquid at 59.5°C.
What is Enthalpy of Vaporization ?The amount of enthalpy or energy that must be added to a liquid substance into gas substance is called Enthalpy of Vaporization. It is also known as Latent heat of vaporization.
How to find the energy change from enthalpy of vaporization ?To calculate the energy use this expression:
[tex]Q = n \Delta H_{\text{vapo.}[/tex]
where,
Q = Energy change
n = number of moles
[tex]\Delta H_{\text{Vapo.}}[/tex] = Molar enthalpy of vaporization
Now find the number of moles
Number of moles (n) = [tex]\frac{\text{Given Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{80.2\ g }{159.8\ g/mol}[/tex]
= 0.5 mol
Now put the values in above formula we get
[tex]Q = - n \Delta H_{\text{vapo.}[/tex] [Negative sign is used because Br₂ condensed here]
= - (0.5 mol × 15.4 kJ/mol)
= - 7.7 kJ
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The enthalpy of vaporization of Bromine is 15.4 kJ/mol. -7.7 kJ is the energy change when 80.2 g of Br₂ condenses to a liquid at 59.5°C.
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