When a reaction results in the formation of a racemate, it means that both enantiomers are produced in equal amounts. This results in a mixture of diastereomers, which are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. However, the mixture is achiral because the enantiomers cancel each other out.
It is important to note that a racemate is not the same as a meso compound. A meso compound is a stereoisomer that has an internal plane of symmetry, resulting in two identical halves.
1. A racemate: This means that the product is a 1:1 mixture of enantiomers (mirror-image isomers that are non-superimposable).
2. A mixture of diastereomers: These are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other, which may be formed in a reaction involving multiple chiral centers.
3. Achiral but not meso: This means that the compound is not chiral (it does not have a non-superimposable mirror image) and also not meso (a compound with multiple chiral centers but an internal plane of symmetry).
4. A meso compound: This is a compound that has multiple chiral centers, but due to an internal plane of symmetry, it does not exhibit optical activity.
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Which rule for assigning oxidation numbers IS correct?
Hydrogen is usually -1.
Oxygen is usually -2.
• A pure group 1 element is +1.
• A monatomic ion is 0.
Answer:
B.) Oxygen is usually -2
Explanation:
Hydrogen is usually +1.
A pure group 1 element is not always +1.
A monoatomic ion can be a range of numbers. However, it must be a charge other than 0.
What is the electron structure of a beryllium atom? 1s ²2s 1 O 1s 22s 2 1s ¹2s 2 1s 23s 2
Answer:
Be = 1s²2s²
Explanation:
Beryllium (Be) is the 4th element on the periodic table. As such, beryllium has 4 electrons. It is the second element located in the second row in the s-block. Therefore, beryllium's electron structure should consist of 2 completely filled s-orbitals.
Answer:
Explanation:
8281s
What is the general trend for atomic radius as you go down the noble gas family?
Answer:
the atomic radius is larger as you go down the noble gas family
Justify the statement, "nuclear energy is harmful as well as useful."
Nuclear energy is harmful because it releases of harmful ionizing radiation and has been employed in the production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.
Nuclear energy is beneficial in that it produces vast amount of energy for domestic and industrial purposes.
What is nuclear energy?Nuclear energy refers to the energy which is produced as a result of the changes that occur in the nucleus of atoms of elements.
Nuclear energy produces the largest amount of energy when compared to other forms of energy sources.
Nuclear energy is produced by two types of nuclear reactions:
Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusionNuclear energy is harmful in that it results in the release of harmful ionizing radiation which damages cells and tissues of living organisms.
Nuclear energy is also harmful because nuclear energy has been employed in the production of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs.
On the other hand, nuclear energy is beneficial in that it produces vast amount of energy which can be used for domestic and industrial purposes. It also produces fewer wastes that damage the environment compared to fossil fuels.
In conclusion, nuclear energy is both beneficial and harmful.
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Write the empirical formula for at least four ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions:
(REALLY NEED HELP) What refers to the amount of electric force that could be created if the electric current were to flow?
electrical energy
electrical potential
electrical charge
electrical conduction
Answer:
electrical conduction
Explanation:
Calculate the mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl?
The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.
What is a Moles?A mole is defined as the quantity of a material that includes precisely 6.02214076 X 1023 of the substance's elementary entities.A substance is said to have a mole with a mass equal to 12.000 g of 12C and the same number of basic units as atoms.The mole can be used to calculate the quantities involved in chemical processes and identify the simplest formula of a compound. The molarity notion, which is related, helps discuss reactions in solutions. The number of moles of a solute in a liter of solution is known as molarity (M).Quantities that cannot be quantified using units like grams or milligrams are referred to as moles. A mole thus counts the quantity of atoms, ions, or molecules.The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl:
So, one mole of NaCl weighs 58.44 g. A 2.5 M solution is 2.5 moles per liter (Molarity is just the number of moles per liter). Therefore, 0.5 L would contain 1.25 mole. Hence, you would need 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g
m(NaCl) = M×n
m(NaCl) = 58.5×2.5 = 146.25 g
The mass of 2.5 moles of NaCl is 146.25 g.
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The mass of NaCl is 146.25g .
Calculate the molar mass of NaCl ?
The Atomic mass of Na is 23g
Atomic mass of Cl is 35.5g
In the formula there is only one molecule of each element is present so,
Molar mass =23×1+35.5
. →58.5g/ mol
We have given ,
moles of NaCl →2.5 mol
molar mass of NaCl we have found earlier ,
58.5g/mol
No of moles = weight of NaCl /Mb
Mb represent molar mass ofNaCl
2.5=Wb/58.5
Weight of Nacl= 58.5×2.5
. →146.25g
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a. How many Joules of energy are required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C ? (specific heat of water is 4.184J/g C)(1000g=1kg)
b. How many grams of carbon are present if it requires 37.5 kJoules of energy to heat a sample from 30.0 to 55.0C ? (specific heat of carbon is 0.71 J/g C)
c. If 480.0 Joules is applies to a 50.0g sample of Hg in a thermometer that reads 25.0C, what will be the final temperature of the sample? (SH mercury is 0.14)
d. A 25.0kg sample of an unknown metal X requires 875kJ of energy to heat it from 55.0 to 125.0C. What is the specific heat of the unknown metal?
5.690x103 miles to meters.
900.0kg to grams
Please also give sig figs to all answers.
Answer fast please.
a.
A substance's specific heat tells you how much heat is required to increase the temperature of 1 g of that substance by 1°C.
The equation that establishes a relationshop between heat and change in temperature is
q = m • c • ∆T, where
q - heat absorbed
c - the specific heat of the substance, in your case of water
ΔT - the change in temperature, defined as the difference between the final temperature and the initial temperature
so:
q = 1.00 g • 4.18 J/g×°C • (75.0 - 38.5)°C
q = 152,57 J
just apply this formula for all exercises
A. How many Joules of energy are required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C ? (specific heat of water is 4.184J/g C)(1000g=1kg)
Answer:
q = 534,506 Joules
q = 534.506 KiloJoules
534.506 KiloJoules or 534,506 Joules energy required to raise 3.50kg of water from 38.5 to 75.0C
What is sp.heat ?Sp. Heat is the heat required to increase the temperature of the 1 mass of a given substance by a [tex]1^{0}[/tex] C temperature.
The formula of specific heat Cp = [tex]\frac{q}{m (∆T)}[/tex]
Where,
q = energy of substance (Joules / KiloJoules),
Cp = Specific heat capacity of the substance (J/Kg.C),
m = mass of the substance
∆T = Change in temp.
Explanation:
Given data from que: -
Mss of the water (m) = 3.50 Kg = 3.50 × 1000 gm = 3500 gm
specific heat capacity of water (Cp) = 4.184J/g C
Change in temp (∆T) = 75.0 - 38.5 = 36.5
now, put all above given data in formula
we get
Cp = [tex]\frac{q}{m (∆T)}[/tex]
q = Cp ×m×∆T
q = 4.184×3500×36.5
q = 534,506 Joules
q = 534.506 KJ
Including the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa, how many nadh, fadh2, atp, and gtp molecules are produced during the krebs cycle?
3 NADH + [tex]1FADH_{2}[/tex] + 1GTP (=ATP) is used during Krebs Cycle in every acetyl CoA
The Krebs cycle is also called citric acid cycle.The Krebs cycle is used for conversion pyruvate to acetyl CoA.The sequence of reaction in living organism in which oxidation of acetic acid or acetyl equivalent provides energy for storage in phosphate bonds.The pyruvate is important chemical compound in the biochemistry.The pyruvate is primary used as transporter of carbon atoms into the mitochondria and do complete oxidation of this carbon atoms into carbon dioxide.
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Draw the major product formed in the reaction of an epoxide with methoxide in methanol.
the major product of the reaction is (2S,3R)-3-methoxy-3-methylpentan-2-ol.
Epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline are all names for substances that contain the epoxide functional group. Oxides are a common name for simple epoxides. Consequently, ethylene oxide is the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4).
Reaction and explanation.
In order to answer this question, we must draw the main product and the studio chemistry. Yeah. Therefore, we will begin by drawing the reactant, which is an oxide.
As with this structure. Therefore, C. S. is applied to this epoxy side. Three ohs and two hash marks. As a result, the oxygen will be presented with the lone pair on the initial stage. And after that, we will receive the prototype for a thirty-plus-year-old product. And everything else will proceed as usual, even this.
Now this bond will be severed, and three miners from O. C. S. will attack from the back, in which case we will receive the finished product as seen here.
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(2S,3R)-3-methoxy-3-methylpentan-2-ol is the reaction's main product.
Epoxide functional group-containing compounds go by the names epoxy, epoxide, oxirane, and ethoxyline. Simple epoxides are frequently referred to as oxides. As a result, ethylene oxide is ethylene's epoxide (C2H4).Reaction and justification.We must illustrate the primary product and the studio chemistry in order to provide a response. As a result, we shall start by drawing the oxide reactant.similar to this structure C. S. is therefore applied to this epoxy side. Two hash marks and three OHs. As a result, on the initial stage, the oxygen will be presented with the sole pair. Then we will get the prototype for a product that has been around for more than thirty years. And even this will occur according to plan.This relationship will now be broken, and three O. C. S. miners will assault from behind, resulting in the finished article you see here.To learn more about epoxide visit:
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A __________________ election is the type of election in which candidates from the same party compete against one another to try to win the party's nomination.
A primary election is the type of election in which candidates from the same party compete against one another to try to win the party's nomination.
A formal procedure of communal decision-making, an election that's how a population chooses a person or people to hold public office.
A general election would be one that takes place simultaneously throughout all constituencies, usually the day before or within a few days. When a member dies or resigns, elections may be conducted just for that constituency to replace the vacancy.
For positions with fixed terms, such as that of the president, governor, or legislator, primaries are frequently held. There are normally no special primaries for positions that could be replaced without holding a new election, including such a prime minister.
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C3H8 has a boiling point than C2H6
Answer:
C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point than C₂H₆
Explanation:
The boiling point is the temperature at which the intermolecular bonds holding molecules in liquid form are overcome and change the state into a gas. C₃H₈ experiences stronger intermolecular bonds then C₂H₆ because it has more carbons. While the strength of each bond is the same between the two molecules, C₃H₈ has more opportunities to create these bonds due to the higher carbon count. The more bountiful the intermolecular bonds, the more energy is needed to overcome them all. Thus, C₃H₈ has a higher boiling point.
A sample of aluminum metal is placed in a graduated cylinder. It is noted that 5.50 mL of water is displaced by the aluminum. The aluminum is then reacted with excess nitric acid to produce aluminum nitrate and hydrogen gas. Given the density for aluminum is 2.702 g/mL, how many grams of hydrogen gas are produced in the reaction
117.3 grams of hydrogen gas is produced in the reaction
What is Graduated cylinders?Graduated cylinders are long, slender vessels used for measuring the volumes of liquids. They are not intended for mixing, stirring, heating, or weighing. Graduated cylinders commonly range in size from 5 mL to 500 mL. Some can even hold volumes of more than a liter.
Density - density is the mass of a material substance per unit volume. d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume, is the formula for density. Grams per cubic centimetre are a typical unit of measurement for density.
2Al + 6 HCl = 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂
Density = mass / volume
2.702 g/mL = m / 5.50 mL
m = 14.861 g
mol Al = mass / molar mass
= 14.861 g / 26.98 g/mol
= 0.551 mol
So number of mol of aluminium nitrate formed will also be 0.551 mol
Mass of aluminium nitrate = mol x molar mass
= 0.551 mol x 212.996 g/mol
= 117.3 grams
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What is the true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit called?
the molecular formula
the molar mass
the percent composition
the empirical formula
The true ratio of atoms in a molecule or formula unit is called molecular formula
What is empirical formula?This is the simplest formula that shows the ratio of the different atoms present in a compound.
What is molecular formula?This is the formula of a compound which gives the true or actual ratios of the different atoms present in a compound
What is molar mass?The molar mass of a compound is defined as the sum total of the molar masses of the different atoms present in the compound.
What is percentage composition?This gives the proportion of the different atoms present in a compound.
From the above definitions, we can conclude that the correct answer to the question is molecular formula
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A radioactive isotope is an isotope that
Considering the definition of radioisotope, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
What is isotopeAn atomic species is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus (called the atomic number, Z) and the total number of protons plus neutrons (called the mass number, A).
Isotopes are those atoms of an element with the same atomic number but different atomic mass, that is, with the same number of protons and therefore identical chemical properties, but different numbers of neutrons and different physical properties.
Isotopes can be stable and unstable or radioisotopes.
What is radioisotopeSo, a radioisotope is a chemical element whose nucleus is unstable, that is, in imbalance in the relationship between protons and neutrons. Due to this, this element releases the excess energy it contains in the form of ionizing radiation until this element reaches stability.
In summary, radioisotopes are the unstable form of an element that emits radiation to transform into a more stable form.
SummaryFinally, a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons, or excess energy in their nucleus.
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Which equation agrees with the ideal gas law?
StartFraction V subscript 1 over T subscript 1 EndFraction equals StartFraction V subscript 2 over T subscript 2 EndFraction.
V subscript 1 n subscript 1 equals V subscript 2 n subscript 2.
P subscript 1 n subscript 1 equals P subscript 2 n subscript 2.
StartFraction P subscript 1 over P subscript 2 EndFraction equals StartFraction T subscript 2 over T subscript 1.
The equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.
What is Ideal gas law?Ideal gas law states that, the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the number on moles of gas, directly proportional to the temperature and inversely proportional to the pressure.
PV = nRT
where;
P is pressure of the gasV is volume of the gasn is number of molesR is ideal gas constantT is temperatureThus, the equation for ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT.
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Answer:
A edg
Explanation:
A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses ________ to form its σ bonds.
A molecule with the formula ab3 and a trigonal planar molecular geometry uses sp2 hybridization to form its σ bonds.
Trigonal hybridization is another name for sp2 hybridization. To create the new hybrid orbital known as sp2, one's orbital and two 'p' orbitals of equal energy are mixed together. Trigonal symmetry was used to generate a mixture of s and p orbitals, which are kept at 1200.
One s orbital and two p orbitals combine to generate three sp2 hybridizations, each of which has a 33 percent s character and a 67 percent p character. This process is known as sp2 hybridization. Anytime an atom is surrounded by three groups of electrons, this kind of sp2 hybridization is necessary.
Both the carbon and oxygen atoms are sp2 hybridized. The carbon atom can establish three bonds, one of which is to the oxygen, and possesses three sp2 hybridized orbitals.
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Carbon disulfide is a linear molecule with two double bonds. According to valence bond theory, which orbitals on carbon are used for pi bonding?
According to valence bond theory, 2s and 2p orbital of carbon atom will be formed pi bonding.
One of it's two fundamental theories created to use quantum mechanics to describe chemical bonding would be the valence bond theory, and molecular orbital theory.
Eight valence electrons should be used to generate two double bonds in the CS2 molecule. As a result, it uses up eight of the 16 valence electrons. These valence electrons are located in the carbon atom's 2s and 2p orbitals, where they join to create a double bond.
Therefore, according to valence bond theory, 2s and 2p orbital of carbon atom will be formed pi bonding.
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At 55 mph, it takes about ____ feet to react to something you see and to bring the car to a complete stop.
At 55 mph, it takes about 228 feet to react to something you see and to bring the car to a complete stop.
It has taken as long as afootball field to stop your car at 55 mph ( 265 and 303 feet) and is assuming you were alert. If you drive at 55 mph on a dry , level pavement , your average stopping distance will be 265 feet . The stopping distance increases in the adverse conditions.
The car stops when both tire and the car have comes to a completely on rest point.
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Molecules that have at least one carbon atom bonded to four different groups are __________ while molecules that do not contain a carbon atom bonded to four different groups are
Chiral carbon refers to compounds with at least one carbon atom connected to four different groups, whereas Achiral carbon refers to molecules without a carbon atom bonded to four separate groups.
What is Chiral carbon ?Chiral carbon centres are tetrahedrally positioned carbon atoms that have four distinct substituents bonded to them. The terms "stereogenic carbons" and "asymmetrical carbon atoms" are also used to describe chiral carbon atoms.
What is Achiral carbon ?An achiral molecule lacks "handedness" and can be superimposed on its mirror copy (think of a baseball bat, which can be used with either hand)
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A sparingly soluble metal hydroxide, m(oh)2 has a molar solubility of s mol/l at 25°c. its ksp value is:______
The value of the Ksp can be obtained in terms of s as 4s^3.
What is Ksp?The term Ksp has to do with the solubility product. It is the extent to which a substance can dissolve in water. We know that the solubility of the substance can be given as;
M(OH)2(s) ⇔M^+(aq) + 2OH^-(aq)
Ksp = s * (2s)^2
Ksp = s * 4s^2
Ksp = 4s^3
Thus it follows that the value of the Ksp can be obtained in terms of s as 4s^3.
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When testing the temperature of catalase, what would happen if you changed the temperature using the same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture?.
The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.
What is a catalase?The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.
What does catalase do?This enzyme is in charge of neutralizing hydrogen peroxide through its breakdownIt hence preserves an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signaling processesImportance of catalase enzyme:Almost every organism that is exposed to oxygen contains the very common enzyme catalase. In order to prevent oxidative damage, which can happen when cells or other molecules in the body come into contact with oxidative chemicals, catalase serves as a protective barrier in live cells.To learn more about catalase visit:
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The hydrogen bonds between molecules of hydrogen peroxide loosen as temperature rises toward the optimal point, facilitating catalase's reaction with the molecules. The enzyme denatures and its structure is affected if the temperature rises above the ideal level.
What is a catalase?The catalase is an enzyme that is responsible for reducing hydrogen peroxide.
What does catalase do?This enzyme is in charge of neutralizing hydrogen peroxide through its breakdownIt hence preserves an ideal level of the molecule in the cell that is also necessary for cellular signaling processesImportance of catalase enzyme:Almost every organism that is exposed to oxygen contains the very common enzyme catalase.In order to prevent oxidative damage, which can happen when cells or other molecules in the body come into contact with oxidative chemicals, catalase serves as a protective barrier in live cells.To learn more about catalase visit:
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Consider the balanced chemical equation when 18.3 g Al is reacted with 113 g I₂ to form AlI₃(g).
What is the mass in grams of the excess Al remaining after the partial reaction of 18.3 g Al with 113 g I₂?
2 Al(s) + 3 I₂(g) → 2 AlI₃(g)
Answer:
10.3 g Al
Explanation:
To find the excess mass of Al, you need to (1) convert grams I₂ to moles I₂ (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles I₂ to moles AlI₃ (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), then (3) convert moles AlI₃ to grams AlI₃ (via molar mass). Now that you have the actual amount of AlI₃ produced, you need to (4) convert grams AlI₃ to moles AlI₃ (via molar mass), then (5) convert moles AlI₃ to moles Al (via mole-to-mole ratio from equation coefficients), and then (6) convert moles Al to grams Al (via molar mass). Now that you know the amount of Al actually needed to produce the product, you need to (7) find the excess mass of Al.
Molar Mass (Al): 26.982 g/mol
Molar Mass (I₂): 2(126.90 g/mol)
Molar Mass (I₂): 253.8 g/mol
Molar Mass (AlI₃): 26.982 g/mol + 3(126.90 g/mol)
Molar Mass (AlI₃): 407.682 g/mol
2 Al(s) + 3 I₂(g) -------> 2 AlI₃(g)
113 g I₂ 1 mole 2 moles AlI₃ 407.682 g
------------- x ---------------- x ---------------------- x ------------------- = 121 g AlI₃
253.8 g 3 moles I₂ 1 mole
121 g AlI₃ 1 mole 2 moles Al 26.982 g
--------------- x ------------------ x --------------------- x ----------------- = 8.01 g Al
407.682 g 2 moles AlI₃ 1 mole
Starting Amount - Mass Needed = Excess
18.3 g Al - 8.01 g Al = 10.3 g Al
Given the following equation: __ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> __ Al2O3(s) When the equation is correctly balanced using smallest whole numbers, the coefficient of Al(s) is:
Answer:
The coefficient for Al(s) is 2.
Explanation:
__ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> __ Al2O3(s)
__ Al(s) __ O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s)
1 Al(s) __ O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s)
1 Al(s) + 1.5 O2(g) --> 1 Al2O3(s) [Use a fraction to make it balance]
2 Al(s) + 3 O2(g) --> 2 Al2O3(s) [Convert the 1.5 fraction to a whole number by multiplying all coefficients by 2]
You are an astrophysicist and have discovered a new star. You use a spectrometer to read the absorption spectrum of the star. Based on the data below, what elements does the star contain?
A. H and He
B. H
C. He and Hg
D. H, He, and Hg
Based on the data below, the elements that the star contains is a combination of Hydrogen and Helium. (Option A)
It is to be noted that Hydrogen is a simple atom with a straightforward spectrum. Aside from the three lines seen above, another in blue at 410 nm may be visible.
However, Helium, on the other hand, is a little more complicated than hydrogen, with one yellow line and a number in blue.
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A solid form of matter in which there is long range repeating order is called ________
Answer: A solid form of matter in which there is long-range repeating order is called crystalline.
Explanation:
A solid is crystalline if it has long-range order. Once the positions of an atom and its neighbors are known at one point, the place of each atom is known precisely throughout the crystal.
The reduction of ketone groups, such as those present on coq, produces alcohols. in contrast, oxidation of aldehydes produces which functional group?
On oxidation of aldehydes produces carboxylic acid functional group.
The product of oxidation of aldehydes depends upon whether the reaction occur in acidic medium or alkaline condition.
If oxidation of aldehydes occurs under acidic condition the product is carboxylic acid but if oxidation of aldehydes occurs under alkaline condition then reduce as well as oxidized product obtained which is known as disproportional product.
The oxidation of aldehydes occur through potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate or many more. The oxidation of aldehydes in the presence of base is known as cannizzaro's reaction.
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Insulating materials are composed of atoms with?
Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.
What is Insulating Material ?The material that stop the flow of Sound, Heat and Electricity by them are called Insulating Material. Insulator are the materials whose atoms have tightly bound outer electrons because electrons are not free to shared by neighboring atoms.
Examples: Glass, Plastic, Rubber, Air and Wood.
What are the types of Insulating Material ?There are mainly three types of Insulating Material:
Heat Insulator Electricity Insulator Sound InsulatorThus from the above conclusion we can say that Insulating materials are composed of atoms with tightly bound outer electrons.
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Influence of bromine and iodine chemistry on annual, seasonal, diurnal, and background ozone: CMAQ simulations over the Northern Hemisphere
It does not have a strong seasonal influence on ozone over the Northern Hemisphere.
OzoneThree oxygen atoms make up ozone, a highly reactive gas. The stratosphere, the upper atmosphere of the planet, and the lower atmosphere both include this naturally occurring and artificial substance (the troposphere). Ozone has an impact on life on Earth, but only depending on where it resides in the atmosphere.
Molecular oxygen and solar ultraviolet (UV) light interact to naturally create stratospheric ozone. The "ozone layer," which is located 6 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface, decreases the quantity of dangerous UV light that reaches the surface.
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When taking ph measurements of solutions, why is it important to stir thoroughly after adding each reagent?.