The US Supreme Court hears around 80 cases in a year. Roughly how many of those are
original jurisdiction cases?
10
5
70
2

President Abraham Lincoln got the Union Pacific and Central Pacific to finally decide on a meeting point for the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad.

The construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad was a significant engineering feat that aimed to connect the eastern and western coasts of the United States. However, one of the major challenges was determining the meeting point of the Union Pacific, which was building from the east, and the Central Pacific, which was building from the west. The location of this meeting point was crucial for the completion of the railroad. President Abraham Lincoln played a crucial role in resolving this issue. Through his leadership and influence, he facilitated negotiations and discussions between the two companies, ultimately leading to an agreement on the meeting point.

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The labor union chosen for description is the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Founded in 1886, the AFL was a federation of skilled craft unions that advocated for workers' rights, higher wages, and improved working conditions through collective bargaining and strikes.

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was a significant labor union in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers and served as a federation of various skilled craft unions. The AFL primarily represented the interests of skilled workers, such as carpenters, plumbers, and electricians.

The AFL focused on achieving better working conditions, higher wages, and improved benefits for its members. It believed in the power of collective bargaining, where the union negotiated with employers on behalf of its members to secure favorable terms of employment. The AFL emphasized the idea of "bread and butter" unionism, focusing on immediate and practical gains for workers rather than broader political or social reforms.

The AFL played a significant role in the labor movement, advocating for the eight-hour workday, workplace safety regulations, and the end of child labor. It also organized strikes and boycotts to put pressure on employers to meet the demands of workers. The AFL's approach of organizing skilled workers and negotiating with employers influenced the development of modern labor practices and set the foundation for later labor unions in the United States.

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Answer:

A and E

Explanation:

Some external factors that led to change in  20th century include World War I and II, decolonization movements, globalization, and technological advancements.

The 20th century was a time of great change for many states around the world, and numerous external factors contributed to these changes. Some of the most significant external factors that led to changes in states after 1900 include:

1. Globalization: The rise of globalization has led to increased interconnectedness among states and the global economy. This has led to changes in states' economic policies and greater cooperation among nations.

2. Technological advancements: The development of new technologies, such as the internet, has transformed how states interact with each other and their citizens. It has also led to changes in the nature of warfare and intelligence gathering.

3. Demographic changes: Changes in population size and demographics have had significant impacts on states. For example, aging populations have led to changes in healthcare policies, while migration has led to cultural shifts and increased diversity.

4. Environmental factors: Climate change and environmental degradation have had significant impacts on states, leading to changes in policies related to energy, transportation, and resource management.

5. Political factors: Changes in global power dynamics and the rise of new political ideologies have also led to changes in states. For example, the collapse of the Soviet Union led to the emergence of new states and the reconfiguration of global power dynamics.

Overall, these external factors have contributed to significant changes in states over the past century, shaping their policies, institutions, and relationships with other states.

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Answer:

Heck was an SS officer who worked as the adjutant to Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, and was involved in implementing the Final Solution, the Nazi plan to exterminate the Jewish population. In his memoir, "The Nazi Conscience," Heck claims that he was not responsible for the atrocities committed by the Nazis.

Explanation:

Heck argued that he was merely following orders and that he did not personally commit any crimes. He also stated that he was not aware of the full extent of the horrors that were being carried out against the Jewish population. However, many historians have disputed Heck's claims and argue that he was, in fact, complicit in the crimes of the Nazis.

In general, Heck's view of his own responsibility for the crimes of the Nazis is one of denial and self-justification. He attempts to distance himself from the atrocities committed by the regime and absolve himself of any culpability.

b. destroy it.

Napoleon Bonaparte can be considered as someone who eventually destroyed the ideals and principles of the French Revolution.

he initially portrayed himself as a supporter of the Revolution and implemented some of its reforms, he later established a dictatorship and consolidated power under his rule.

Napoleon came to power through a coup d'état in 1799 and eventually crowned himself Emperor in 1804. His rise to power marked the end of the radical phase of the French Revolution. Napoleon's regime saw a consolidation of central authority, the curtailment of political freedom , and the reintroduction of elements of monarchy. He focused on expanding the French Empire through military conquests, which diverted attention from the revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

While Napoleon introduced some reforms that had been initiated during the Revolution, such as the Napoleonic Code (a civil law code), these reforms were often aimed at consolidating his own power and strengthening his regime rather than advancing the principles of the Revolution. Additionally, Napoleon's military campaigns and expansionist ambitions led to widespread destruction and loss of life, which was contrary to the ideals of the Revolution.

Regarding the second question:

Popular revolutions often lead to military dictatorships due to several factors:

1. Power vacuum: Revolutions often result in the overthrow of existing regimes, leaving a void in political authority. This power vacuum creates an opportunity for military leaders to step in and seize control, exploiting the chaos and bility for their own benefit.

2. Organizational structure: The military often possesses a well-established organizational structure, disciplined ranks, and access to weapons and resources. These factors enable military leaders to exert control and establish a firm grip on power during periods of transition.

3. Security concerns: In the aftermath of a revolution, there is often a heightened sense of insecurity and bility. Military leaders may exploit this fear to present themselves as the saviors or protectors of the people, promising stability and security in exchange for consolidating power.

4. Lack of alternative leadership: Revolutions sometimes lack strong and organized civilian leadership to fill the political void. In such cases, the military may be seen as the most viable  for restoring order and maintaining stability, leading to a transition from popular revolution to military dictatorship.

It is important to note that while popular revolutions may initially aim for greater political participation, social justice, and democratic ideals, the complex dynamics of power struggles and external challenges can result in the emergence of military dictatorships.

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The presidencies of Obama, Bush, and Clinton were similar in facing challenges related to the economy, healthcare, and international relations.

The presidencies of Obama, Bush, and Clinton shared similarities in several aspects.

Firstly, all three presidents faced significant economic challenges during their terms.

Clinton inherited a recession and focused on economic growth, while Bush dealt with the aftermath of the dot-com bubble and later faced the global financial crisis.

Obama faced the worst economic recession since the Great Depression and focused on recovery efforts.

Secondly, healthcare reform was a major challenge for each president.

Clinton aimed to achieve universal healthcare but faced opposition.

Bush implemented Medicare prescription drug coverage, and Obama successfully passed the Affordable Care Act to expand healthcare access.

Lastly, all three presidents confronted significant foreign policy challenges.

Clinton dealt with conflicts in Bosnia and Kosovo, Bush faced the 9/11 terrorist attacks and subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Obama grappled with the aftermath of those wars, as well as new challenges like the rise of ISIS and the Arab Spring.

While each president faced unique circumstances, these shared challenges shaped their administrations and had a lasting impact on their respective legacies.

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The program being referred to is the Works Progress Administration (WPA), implemented during the Great Depression in the United States. It provided employment relief to millions of Americans, funded construction projects, supported the arts, and facilitated the collection of valuable historical records.

The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a New Deal program initiated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. It aimed to combat unemployment during the Great Depression by providing jobs to millions of Americans. Over eight million individuals, roughly 20 percent of the country's workforce, were employed through the program.

One significant aspect of the WPA was its investment in infrastructure and public works. It funded the construction of hospitals, schools, and roads, making substantial contributions to the nation's physical infrastructure. The WPA also recognized the importance of art and culture, creating the Federal One Project. This initiative employed thousands of artists in various fields, resulting in the production of state murals, guidebooks, concerts, and theater performances across the country.

Additionally, the WPA supported historical initiatives, including the collection of oral histories. Of particular note were the oral histories of former slaves, which provided valuable insights into the experiences of enslaved individuals. Lastly, the WPA included the National Youth Administration (NYA), which provided work-study jobs to college and high school students, offering them financial support while pursuing their education.

In summary, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a multifaceted program that provided employment relief, funded infrastructure projects, supported the arts, and facilitated the collection of historical records. Its wide-ranging initiatives made significant contributions to the country's workforce, physical infrastructure, cultural heritage, and educational opportunities during a time of economic hardship.

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Answer:

In the late 1800's, economic, political, and religious motives prompted these nations to expand their influence over other regions, each with a goal to increase their power across the globe.

Explanation:

Answer:

When you write your Heritage Day essay as a grade 10 student, you will get great marks if you include the following structure: Introduction: Provide a brief history linked to heritage day The main key issues you will be discussing throughout your essay The body: Explain the changes that were made to this public holiday.

All of the following were effects of the Vietnam War EXCEPT South Vietnam kept its independence. The Vietnam War was a prolonged conflict (1955-1975) between North and South Vietnam with international involvement.

The Vietnam War had significant impacts on various aspects, including politics, society, and foreign policy. South Vietnam did not retain its independence after the war; instead, it fell under communist rule, leading to the reunification of Vietnam. LBJ's Great Society was defunded to a large extent due to the massive military spending on the war, diverting resources away from social programs. The spread of communism was a major concern during the war, but it did not escalate to the extent feared, especially with the ultimate reunification of Vietnam. Congress regained some war powers and became more involved in overseeing military actions as a result of the war.

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explains the argument between the Federalists and Ant Federalists on the ratification of the Constitution. Over whether the national individual or a group, they disagreed. Option (C) is hence the appropriate response.

The Federalists Party was the first political party to be established in the United States. It was a conservative American political organization. As a result, it ruled the federal government from 1789 until 1801 under Alexander Hamilton.

It was defeated by the Jeffersonian Republicans in 1800, lost its support in New England but briefly gained it again by Constitution opposing the War of 1812. Thereafter, it remained a minority party while maintaining its stronghold. Then, in 1816, with the defeat of its final presidential candidate, it fell. Remains persisted for some years after that.

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The United States and its NATO allies responded to the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1990s with a military intervention that included air strikes and the deployment of peacekeeping troops to enforce a ceasefire and protect civilians.

During the 1990s, ethnic cleansing occurred in several regions, prompting the United States to respond with peacekeeping troops and air support. One such region was Bosnia and Herzegovina, where Bosnian Serb forces committed atrocities against Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) civilians.

The United Nations peacekeeping officials were unwilling to heed requests for support from their own forces stationed within the enclave of Srebrenica, thus allowing Bosnian Serb forces to easily overrun it and carry out systematic mass executions of hundreds, possibly thousands, of civilian men and boys.

In response to these events, the United States and its NATO allies launched a military intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995. The intervention included air strikes against Bosnian Serb military targets and the deployment of peacekeeping troops to enforce a ceasefire and protect civilians.

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In the 1950s, American culture was experiencing a shift towards youth-oriented values, attitudes, and behaviors. One of the most significant indications of this trend was the emergence of rock and roll music as a popular and influential genre.

Rock and roll, which was characterized by its energetic rhythms, catchy melodies, and rebellious lyrics, became a symbol of youth culture and a powerful force for social change. Many young people embraced rock and roll as a way to express their identity and challenge the traditional values of their parents and society.

The rise of rock and roll also coincided with the growth of youth-oriented media such as teen magazines, radio stations, and television shows. These outlets provided young people with a platform to express themselves and connect with others who shared their interests and values.

Another indication of the youth-oriented shift in American culture was the rise of consumer culture and the emergence of new products and services targeted at young people. Companies such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Levi's began to market their products specifically to teenagers, recognizing the growing purchasing power and influence of this demographic.

Overall, the emergence of rock and roll music, the growth of youth-oriented media, and the rise of consumer culture were all indications that American culture was becoming increasingly focused on youth in the 1950s. These trends would continue to shape and influence American culture for decades to come.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Paragraph 1:

Gun violence is a pressing issue that continues to plague societies around the world, and it demands urgent attention. The devastating consequences of gun violence are evident in the countless lives lost, families shattered, and communities torn apart. It is a complex problem influenced by various factors such as social, economic, and political circumstances. In order to address gun violence effectively, comprehensive measures are necessary. These measures should encompass not only stricter gun control policies but also a holistic approach that includes mental health support, community engagement, and educational initiatives.

To combat gun violence, implementing stricter gun control measures is a crucial step. This includes comprehensive background checks, closing loopholes in the current legislation, and restricting access to firearms for individuals with a history of violence or mental illness. Additionally, investing in mental health services and support can play a significant role in preventing incidents of gun violence. By ensuring accessible and affordable mental health resources, we can address the underlying factors that contribute to violent behavior. Furthermore, community engagement is vital in fostering a sense of unity and creating safer environments. Promoting dialogue, building trust, and empowering communities can help identify and address the root causes of gun violence, such as poverty, social inequality, and lack of opportunity. Education also plays a critical role in prevention. Implementing comprehensive programs that promote conflict resolution, empathy, and peaceful communication can help instill a culture of non-violence and reduce the occurrence of gun-related incidents.

Paragraph 2:

In addition to addressing the immediate concerns of gun violence, it is essential to tackle the systemic issues that perpetuate this problem. Societal factors such as poverty, discrimination, and inequality contribute to the environment in which violence thrives. By addressing these underlying issues, we can create a more equitable society and reduce the risk factors associated with gun violence. This requires a multi-faceted approach that includes initiatives to reduce poverty, improve access to quality education, provide job opportunities, and promote social inclusion. By focusing on comprehensive social reforms, we can create an environment that supports the well-being and flourishing of individuals, reducing the likelihood of resorting to violence as a means of expression or survival.

To effectively combat gun violence, collaboration and coordination among various stakeholders are crucial. This includes law enforcement agencies, policymakers, community leaders, educators, healthcare professionals, and advocacy groups. By working together, sharing knowledge and resources, and implementing evidence-based strategies, we can make significant progress in reducing gun violence and creating safer communities. Ultimately, the goal should be to build a society where individuals can live free from the fear of gun violence, and where conflicts are resolved through peaceful means, fostering a culture of empathy, respect, and understanding.

Answer:

it told everyone what they were fighting for

Explanation:

Bentham's arguments concerning personal liberty closely reflect the principles of utilitarianism.

Jeremy Bentham, an influential philosopher of the 18th and 19th centuries, developed a moral and political philosophy known as utilitarianism. Utilitarianism holds that actions and policies should aim to maximize overall happiness or utility. Bentham's arguments concerning personal liberty align closely with this philosophy. He advocated for a society that prioritizes the greatest happiness of the greatest number of individuals. In his view, personal liberty should be protected and promoted as long as it contributes to the overall happiness and well-being of society. This perspective implies that restrictions on personal liberty may be justified if they prevent harm or promote the general welfare. Bentham's utilitarian approach provides a framework for balancing individual freedom with the greater social good.

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The sectional differences in the mid 1800s between the Northern and Southern states economically were northern states had an industrial economy and southern states had agricultural economy.

Politically, northern states believed in federal government and southern states believed in states' right.

Socially, northern states were urban and diversed and southern states were rural and hierarchy based.

In the mid 1800s, the Northern and Southern states of the United States had significant sectional differences. Economically, the Northern states had a thriving industrial economy, which was driven by manufacturing, transportation, and commerce. The Southern states, on the other hand, had an economy that was primarily based on agriculture, specifically cotton and tobacco. The use of slave labor in the South to cultivate these crops created a significant difference in the labor market.

Politically, the North and South had different ideologies on issues such as states' rights, tariffs, and slavery. The North believed in the power of the federal government to regulate commerce, which included the use of tariffs to protect Northern industries. The South, however, believed in states' rights, which meant that each state should be able to decide whether or not to allow slavery within its borders.

Socially, the Northern and Southern states were also quite different. The North had a more diverse population, including many immigrants, and was generally more urban and industrialized. The South, on the other hand, had a more rural population and was characterized by a strict social hierarchy based on race and class. Slavery was a significant factor in this hierarchy, with white slaveholders at the top and enslaved Africans and African Americans at the bottom.

These sectional differences ultimately led to the outbreak of the Civil War, as the North and South were unable to reconcile their differing views on slavery, states' rights, and other key issues.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Before, the republican and democratic party were switched from how they are in present day.

According to the variant of modernization theory, England developed a limited form of government in early modern Europe because of its unique historical and cultural background.

England experienced a gradual transition from feudalism to capitalism, which led to the emergence of a merchant class with economic power and influence. This class demanded political representation and a say in government, leading to the formation of a limited monarchy. Additionally, England's Protestant Reformation created a tradition of individualism and religious tolerance, which also contributed to the development of a limited government.

In contrast, France had a different historical and cultural background that led to the development of an absolutist and autocratic form of government. The French monarchy was based on a centralized system of power and control, with little room for political representation or dissent. Additionally, France's Catholic heritage fostered a culture of conformity and obedience, which further reinforced the power of the monarchy.

Overall, the variant of modernization theory suggests that England's gradual transition to capitalism, Protestant Reformation, and tradition of individualism and religious tolerance contributed to the development of a limited form of government, while France's centralized system of power, lack of political representation, and culture of conformity and obedience led to the development of an absolutist and autocratic form of government.

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Due to food shortages and the need to provide for troops in Europe during a certain period, many Americans began to take part in rationing and conservation efforts.

During certain periods, such as World War I and World War II, food supplies became scarce due to the increased demand for military personnel and the disruption of agricultural production. To ensure an adequate food supply for troops and support the war effort, the United States implemented rationing and conservation measures.

Rationing was a system that allocated limited quantities of essential goods, including food, to individuals or households. The government issued ration books containing coupons that specified the amount of certain foods that could be purchased. By limiting consumption, rationing aimed to distribute scarce resources fairly and prevent hoarding.

To further support the war effort and conserve resources, the government encouraged Americans to participate in conservation campaigns. Citizens were encouraged to grow their own food in victory gardens, which reduced the strain on commercial agriculture and freed up supplies for the military. People were also urged to avoid wasting food and to make conscious choices about consumption.

The implementation of rationing and conservation efforts required the participation and cooperation of the American public. Many citizens willingly embraced these measures as a patriotic duty and a way to contribute to the war effort. They recognized the need to prioritize resources for the military and ensure the well-being of troops overseas.

By rationing and conserving food, Americans played a crucial role in supporting the military and maintaining the food supply during times of conflict. These efforts helped address food shortages, provide for troops, and demonstrate solidarity and support for the nation's war efforts.

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The Internet, regional news, and any other sources of information The principal effects of a single European currency, known as the Euro, include the following: European Union (EU) citizens are able to conduct transactions.

Promoting trade, encouraging investment, and mutual support are some of the benefits of the euro. On the negative side, the euro was criticised for having an excessively inflexible monetary policy and for potentially favouring Germany. The market for currency outside of the nation where it is legal tender is known as the eurocurrency market. Banks, international organisations, mutual funds, and hedge funds all use the eurocurrency market. Exports will cost more and imports will cost less in the goods market if the domestic currency experiences a positive shock to its exchange rate (an unexpected appreciation).

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It is highly probable that Danielle is presently viewing a nerve-racking, chilling sequence in a film or television program accompanied by her companion.

Sitting at the edge of her seat, she can sense an impending doom as the volume of the music amplifies. She is extremely afraid and unable to continue watching, so she asks her friend to let her know when the scene has ended.

She tightly grips onto the armrest and attempts to conceal her feelings of terror.

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The Tula warrior columns tell us that the ancient Mexican Toltec people were skilled warriors and held a significant military and martial culture.

What do the tula warrior columns tell us?

The Tula warrior columns are stone sculptures found at the archaeological site of Tula, which was the capital of the Toltec civilization. These columns depict standing figures, often identified as Toltec warriors, adorned with elaborate headdresses, weapons, and distinctive warrior attire.

The presence of these warrior columns suggests that warfare played a prominent role in Toltec society. The Toltecs were renowned for their military prowess and are believed to have expanded their influence through conquest and military campaigns.

Additionally, the Tula warrior columns provide insights into the social and political structure of the Toltec civilization, indicating the importance of military leadership and valor. The Toltecs likely revered and celebrated their warriors, viewing them as symbols of strength, honor, and power.

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When a rigid body is in translation only, it means that the entire body is moving in a straight line without any rotation. In such a scenario, the velocity at points A and B on the rigid body can depend on their position.

To understand why this is the case, let us consider the following example. Suppose we have a rigid rod that is moving in a straight line with a constant velocity. Let point A be located at the center of the rod, and point B be located at the end of the rod.Since the rod is in translation only, both points A and B will have the same velocity magnitude. However, the direction of the velocity at points A and B will be different. At point A, the velocity will be in the same direction as the motion of the rod, while at point B, the velocity will be at an angle to the motion of the rod.Thus, we can see that the velocity at points A and B on the rigid body can depend on their position. This is because the velocity at any point on a rigid body is a vector quantity, and its direction depends on the position of the point relative to the direction of motion of the body.

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The participants at Kansas's 1857 constitutional convention in Lecompton are best described as predominantly pro-slavery.

The Lecompton Constitution was a proposed document that aimed to admit Kansas into the Union as a slave state. The delegates who attended the convention were mainly aligned with the pro-slavery faction and sought to solidify and expand the institution of slavery in Kansas.

They drafted a constitution that protected and perpetuated the existence of slavery in the territory, despite significant opposition from anti-slavery advocates. Ultimately, the Lecompton Constitution was rejected, and Kansas did not become a slave state. However, the convention itself represented the ongoing conflicts and tensions between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions during the tumultuous period leading up to the American Civil War.

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The Soviet youth organization for children that required its members to wear red neck kerchiefs was the Young Pioneers Organization.

The Soviet youth organization for children that required its members to wear red neck kerchiefs is the Young Pioneer Organization, also known as the Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization. This organization was established in 1922 and was a Communist organization for children aged between 9 and 14 years old.

The organization aimed to instill socialist values in its members through education, sports, and cultural activities. The red neck kerchiefs were a symbol of the Young Pioneers and were worn to show solidarity and unity among the members. The kerchiefs were usually tied around the neck and were a bright red color with a small emblem in the corner. The Young Pioneers were disbanded after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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It is important to be acquainted with the advances of Latinos' ancestors and to be aware of their double ethnic identity because it provides a deeper understanding of their cultural heritage.

Being acquainted with the advances of Latinos' ancestors and understanding their double ethnic identity is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it allows individuals to appreciate and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of Latinos, including their traditions, languages, and customs that have been influenced by both European and Indigenous cultures. This knowledge fosters a sense of pride and identity among Latinos and helps preserve their unique cultural heritage. Secondly, understanding the historical contributions of both European and Indigenous peoples in the formation of Latino identity provides a broader perspective on their accomplishments and contributions to society.

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The profile affected by the Emancipation Proclamation would be option B: a young African American male from New Orleans.

The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862, declared the freedom of enslaved individuals in the Confederate states during the American Civil War. Option B, a young African American male from New Orleans, would have been directly impacted by the Emancipation Proclamation as it applied to all enslaved individuals in Confederate territory. New Orleans was a major city in the Confederate-controlled state of Louisiana, and therefore, the proclamation would have affected the status of enslaved individuals living in that region. The proclamation did not apply to the border states or areas under Union control, so options A, C, and D would not have been directly affected by the Emancipation Proclamation based on the given profiles.

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Under feudalism, Europeans were able to deal with outside threats by utilizing decentralized, local military forces for defense.

During the feudal era, Europeans faced various outside threats, such as Viking invasions and Muslim conquests. Feudalism enabled Europeans to deal with these challenges by utilizing a decentralized system where local lords and their knights were responsible for protecting their own lands and people.

This system allowed for a more rapid response to threats, as lords could mobilize their forces quickly without waiting for a central authority. Additionally, the construction of fortified castles helped defend against invasions.

While not always perfectly effective, feudalism provided a framework for Europeans to counter external threats in a timely manner.

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