william created the diagram below to help him understand how DNA contains instructions to create proteins. Which of the following best identified what processes are labeled as x and y above?
DNA contains the genetic instructions for all living organisms in the form of a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). These bases pair up in a specific way (A with T, and C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder. The sequence of these base pairs determines the genetic information that is stored in DNA.
How DNA contains instructions to create proteins?This genetic information is used to create proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. The process of creating proteins from DNA is called protein synthesis. It occurs in two main steps: transcription and translation.
During transcription, a section of DNA is copied into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) by an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and moves to the ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis.
During translation, the sequence of bases in the mRNA is read by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome. The amino acids are then linked together in a specific order, determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA, to form a protein.
So, to summarize, DNA provides the instructions for making proteins through a process called protein synthesis, which involves transcription of a specific sequence of DNA into RNA, and translation of the RNA sequence into a specific sequence of amino acids that constitute a protein.
Note that a summary was given as the information is incomplete and the complete question wasn't found.
Learn more about DNA on:
https://brainly.com/question/16099437
#SPJ1
What are the correct order of stages in the Calvin cycle in a C3 plant?
The correct order of the stages of the Calvin cycle in a C3 plant is:
Carbon fixationReductionRegeneration of RuBPRibulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylationRelease of 3-phosphoglycerate moleculesPhosphoglycerate kinase reactionConversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateTriose phosphate isomerase reactionFormation of glucose molecules from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphateThe Calvin cycle is the light-independent series of reactions in photosynthesis. It is also known as the dark reaction and the reductive pentose phosphate cycle. It is a metabolic pathway that takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and is part of photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and other carbohydrates.
The Calvin cycle uses the energy of ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Learn more about Calvin cycle:
https://brainly.com/question/920840
#SPJ4
How many cells are in mitosis
Answer:
Two
Explanation:
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
concomitant visual and hearing loss may result in
Concomitant visual and hearing loss may result in deaf blindness.
Deaf blindness means the visual impairments and concomitant hearing which causes the combination of severe communication and educational needs and other developmental that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for children with blindness or deafness.
Deaf blind implies a complete absence of hearing and sight, in reality, and it refers to children with varying hearing losses and degrees of vision. Key feature of deaf blindness is that the combination of losses which is limits access to visual information and auditory. More than 90% of children with deaf blindness have one or more additional disabilities or health problems and some may be identified as having a multiple disabilities rather than deaf blindness. In these type of cases, it is very important for team members to recognize and to address the need for services for hearing impairment and vision.
To know more about disabilities here
https://brainly.com/question/13799741
#SPJ4
Help with this: Chapter 11 Nervous System
Concept Map: Reaching Threshold
Complete the Concept Map to describe graded potentials.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
The concept map to describe graded potentials is
Stimuli ⇒ can trigger locally occurring ⇒ open(s) chemically gated or mechanically gated channels on the
can trigger locally occurring ⇒ graded potential
open(s) chemically gated or mechanically gated channels on the ⇒ dendrites or cell bodies
graded potential ⇒ when “summed”, must raise the membrane potential by 15 to 20 mV to reach ⇒ threshold ⇒ stimulate(s) the opening of voltage-gated channels at the ⇒ axon hillock
graded potential ⇒ that decreases(s) polarity and raise(s) the membrane potential is/are ⇒ EPSPs
Graded potential ⇒ that increase(s) polarity and lower(s) the membrane potential is/are ⇒ IPSPs
What are graded potentials?Locаl chаnges in the membrаne potentiаl аre cаlled grаded potentiаls аnd аre usuаlly аssociаted with the dendrites of а neuron. The аmount of chаnge in the membrаne potentiаl is determined by the size of the stimulus thаt cаuses it. In the exаmple of testing the temperаture of the shower, slightly wаrm wаter would only initiаte а smаll chаnge in а thermoreceptor, whereаs hot wаter would cаuse а lаrge аmount of chаnge in the membrаne potentiаl. Grаded potentiаls cаn be of two sorts, either they аre depolаrizing or hyperpolаrizing.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question can see in the Attachment.
For more information about graded potentials refers to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/14958190
#SPJ4
O Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a divisie
Copyright
muscle is only found
4. Smooth muscle tissue is found in
5. Muscle cells are found
6. An example of
7. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by.
8. Cardiac muscle is important because it continually contracts and relaxes
to-
9. Blood vessels have.
10. Muscle cells make up about
Human Body Systems
in the body.
muscle tissue is the triceps.
muscle tissue.
of your body mas:
Smooth muscle tissues are located in walls of hollow visceral organs (such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines).
What are the functions of smooth muscle tissues?Smooth muscle cells are responsible for involuntary movements like regulation of blood flow through vital organs and movement of materials along digestive and urinary passageways.
Smooth muscle is a type of tissue found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, uterus and stomach. You can also find smooth muscle in the walls of passageways, including arteries and veins of de cardiovascular system.
Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, have a single, centrally located nucleus, and lack striations. They are called involuntary muscles. Cardiac muscle has branching fibers, one nucleus per cell, striations, and intercalated disks.
Learn more about smooth muscle tissues:
https://brainly.com/question/24029616
#SPJ1
A car takes four hours to cover a distance of 160 miles what is the car speed
Answer:
1.5 hours
Explanation:
I believe this is the right answer
children are often vaccinated against measles what is injected into the body during a vaccination
Answer:
MMR is an attenuated (weakened) live virus vaccine
Explanation:
Brainliest pls
Which process can increase how fast the water in a puddle dries?
sunlight warming the puddle
rainfall adding water to the puddle
gravity pulling water in the puddle down
clouds blocking sunlight from the puddle
It is not C
Sunlight warming the puddle is the process which can increase how fast the water in a puddle dries. Thus, the correct option is A.
What factors affect evaporation?Evaporation is a type of vaporization which occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes its phase into the gas phase. High concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas container or area significantly slows down evaporation, such as when the humidity affects rate of evaporation of the water molecules.
The factors which affect evaporation include:
1. Temperature is directly proportional to the rate of evaporation. On increasing the temperature, the rate of evaporation also increases.
2. Wind speed is also directly proportional to the rate of evaporation of substance.
3. Surface area of the container or surface is directly proportional to the rate of evaporation of solvent.
4. Humidity is inversely proportional to the rate of evaporation of solvent molecules. Humidity is the amount of moisture which is already present in the environment.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
Learn more about Evaporation here:
https://brainly.com/question/5019199
#SPJ1
Answer:
A. sunlight warming the puddle
Explanation:
i had the same prob but i put that answer and it was correct
Explain how the data from the river samples showed that there was a problem with the water treatment plant AND how this was solved.
The purity of the water can be ascertained both physically and chemically.
How do we know that there is a problem with the water?We have to note that water have certain markers that tell us if the water can be said to be pure or not. Some of the commonest markers are the color, the turbidity and the odor of the water.
We also have some of the chemical markers that tell if the water is pure such as the pH of the water, the amount of certain ions as well as the conductivity of the water. This is how we can be able to know if a sample of water is pure or is not.
Learn more about water purity:https://brainly.com/question/15638369
#SPJ1
What is the complementary base sequence of the DNA strand Ttgcacg?
The complementary base sequence of the DNA strand Ttgcacg is Aacgtgc. This complementary base sequence is essential for the processes of replication, transcription, and translation.
The complementary base sequence of the DNA strand Ttgcacg is Aacgtgc. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides, which are known as the base pairs. These base pairs are linked together by hydrogen bonds, forming the double helix structure of DNA. The base pairs are adenine (A) and thymine (T), and guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The process of base pairing reflects the complementary nature of DNA, in which each strand of the double helix contains the same genetic information in a different form.
The DNA strand Ttgcacg contains the bases thymine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine. The complementary base sequence is determined by the rules of base pairing, which dictate that adenine (A) is paired with thymine (T), and guanine (G) is paired with cytosine (C). As a result, the complementary base sequence of the DNA strand Ttgcacg is Aacgtgc.
The complementary base sequence is essential for DNA replication, transcription, and translation. During replication, the complementary base sequence is copied from one strand of DNA to the other. During transcription, the complementary strand of DNA is used as a template for the production of messenger RNA. Finally, for translation, the complementary strand of DNA is used as a template for the production of proteins.
Learn more about DNA replication at : https://brainly.com/question/16464230
#SPJ4
Explain the process of transcription
and translation using the following
words in your response.
Verbal or Written. Your Choice.
-RNA polymerase
-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-ribosome
-mRNA
- tRNA
-amino acid
-polypeptide or protein
The act of copying information from a strand of DNA into a fresh messenger RNA molecule is called transcription (mRNA). DNA maintains genetic material in the cell nucleus as a reference in a secure and stable manner.
What steps comprise the transcribing process?The process of transcription involves copying (transcription) the DNA sequence of a gene to create an RNA molecule. The primary transcription enzyme is RNA polymerase. When RNA polymerase connects to a promoter sequence near the start of a gene, transcription starts (directly or through helper proteins).
Where can I find transcription?The action of Prokaryotes carry out transcription in the cytoplasm, whereas eukaryotes do it in the nucleus. An RNA (mRNA) molecule is created using DNA as a template. When transcribing, a
To know more about Transcription visit:
https://brainly.com/question/25763301
#SPJ1
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that creates excessive mucus in human organs.
What is a person with this disorder missing?
The person with cystic fibrosis disorder is missing the CFTR gene.
What is cystic fibrosis?Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus, causing chronic respiratory and digestive problems.
It is characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. The disorder's most common signs and symptoms include progressive damage to the respiratory system and chronic digestive system problems.
Mutations in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis. The CFTR gene provides instructions for making a channel that transports negatively charged particles called chloride ions into and out of cells.
This suggests that the absence of the CFTR gene causes cystic fibrosis.
Learn more about cystic fibrosis at: https://brainly.com/question/14467649
#SPJ1
Answer:
A person with cystic fibrosis is missing a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This protein plays a key role in regulating the movement of salts and water in and out of cells, which helps to maintain the proper balance of salt and water in the body. Without this protein, people with cystic fibrosis produce thick, sticky mucus that can build up in their lungs and other organs, leading to serious health complications.
What does it mean when multiple genes determine a trait?
A trait that is influenced by two or more genes, such as height or skin tone, is known as a polygenic trait.
What is it known as when several genes influence a phenotype?phenotypic trait that is governed by multiple genes is known as polygenic inheritance. It is a phrase used in biology to describe the quantitative inheritance process in which two or more different genes collaborate to affect a single phenotypic characteristic. Each gene in a diploid organism contains two alleles, one from each parent. The phenotype of an organism is governed by interactions between alleles. When an organism inherits two copies of the same allele for a trait, it is said to be homozygous for that trait. In homozygous individuals, a single phenotype for a given trait is expressed. An example is the ABO blood type. Your blood type refers to the particular antigens, or specific proteins, that are found on your red blood cells.To learn more about phenotype refer :
brainly.com/question/521134
#SPJ1
Density-dependent inhibition is a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing at some optimal density and location. This phenomenon involves binding of a cell-surface protein to its counterpart on an adjoining cell's surface. A growth inhibiting signal is sent to both cells, preventing them from dividing. Certain external physical factors can affect this inhibition mechanism. Select the statement that makes a correct prediction about natural phenomena that could occur during the cell cycle to prevent cell growth.
In this occurrence, a protein on a cell's surface binds to a protein on the surface of an adjacent cell. Both cells get a signal that prevents growth, which prevents them from dividing.
What exactly does density-dependent inhibition mean?Definition. When cells reach a certain density, growth is slowed, potentially through interactions between cells. This is known as density-dependent inhibition. Density-dependent inhibition is frequently lost in tumour cells.
Give an example of a density-dependent limiting factor.A population's per capita growth rate changes when population density rises—typically falls—due to density-dependent limiting constraints. One illustration is the fight for scarce food among people in a population.
To know more about Density-dependent inhibition visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/15885502
#SPJ4
HELP
what phenotypes will be shown by the offspring in this punnett square?
Answer:
A. All offspring will show the dominant phenotype for this trait.
Hope this helps!
Explanation:
Which of the following is/are an example(s) when mitosis would occur?
What takes up a large part of the urchin body cavity?
A large part of the urchin body cavity is takes up by a fluid called coelomic fluid.
This fluid is produced by the coelomic epithelium, which lines the coelom, and it contains various cells and dissolved substances, such as nutrients and waste products. The coelomic fluid is important for the circulation of nutrients and oxygen throughout the urchin's body, as well as for the removal of waste products. Additionally, it also provides support and buoyancy, and helps to protect the urchin's internal organs from mechanical damage. The coelomic fluid takes up a large part of the urchin's body cavity, filling most of the space within the urchin's test (shell) and surrounding the internal organs.
To know more about urchin
https://brainly.com/question/29001034
#SPJ4
What is the definition of flexibility in fitness?
Answer: The definition of flexibility in fitness is being able to move your joints painfree, and this goes to everyone but flexibility differs from people. Least possible ranges are required for joint health etc.
Explanation: I am truly sorry if I did not understand or anything pls, i also tried to paraphrase so no hate pls ty
-♥ Roxy ♥
What is the job of the cell membrane
Answer:
regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell. In simpler terms, allows which materials can enter or exit the cell.
In many invetigation, both in the laboratory and in natural
environment, the pH of ubtance i meaured. Explain why pH i important to living thing. In your
explanation be ure to:
pH is important to living thing because pH affects the activity of enzymes, pH affects the solubility of nutrients and toxins, pH affects the activity of ion channels and transporters, pH affects the toxicity of some pollutants, pH is an important factor that can affect the physiology and biochemistry of living organisms and their environment.
pH affects the activity of enzymes: Many enzymes in living organisms have an optimal pH range at which they function best. If the pH deviates too far from this range, the enzymes can become denatured and lose their ability to catalyze reactions.
pH affects the solubility of nutrients and toxins: The solubility of many substances is affected by pH. For example, some nutrients such as iron and calcium are more soluble at neutral pH, while others such as lead and mercury are more toxic at acidic pH.
pH affects the activity of ion channels and transporters: Many ion channels and transporters are pH-sensitive and their activity is affected by changes in pH. For example, the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes is active at a specific pH range, which is essential for the maintenance of the membrane potential and the function of the nervous system.
pH affects the toxicity of some pollutants: Some pollutants such as heavy metals and acids can be more toxic to organisms at certain pH levels, and this can have a negative impact on the health of entire ecosystems.
To know more about acid
https://brainly.com/question/14072179
#SPJ4
Which statement gives an example that best demonstrates how the geosphere has effected the evolution of life on earth
The impact of geosphere is, some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light.
Option D is correct.
What is the geosphere?The geosphere includes the rocks, minerals, and soil of the crust, the mantle formed mostly of magma, and a very hot metallic core.
The geosphere is important to evolution of lives on Earth.
The geosphere defines the environment we live in, controls the distribution of minerals, rocks and soils and generate natural hazards that shape the lands and impact humans.
Thus, the correct statement about impact of geosphere is, some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light.
Learn more about geosphere at: https://brainly.com/question/1886192
#SPJ1
Complete question: Which statement gives an example that best demonstrates how the geosphere has affected the evolution of life on Earth?
A.
Certain plants have evolved to absorb pollutants like carbon monoxide and formaldehyde through their leaves.
B.
Certain marine mammals have lost functioning hindlimbs, which can impede an animal's movement through water.
C.
Some hummingbirds have evolved to have very long beaks that can only reach the nectar of specific flowers.
D.
Some spiders that live in caves have lost functioning eyes, which are unnecessary in an environment without light.
How many atoms are in 1 mole of H2O?
The number of atoms in 1 mole of H₂O is 6.02 × 10²³ particles.
The number of atomic particles of an element or compound depends on the number of moles of that element or compound.
By definition, 1 mole of a substance has a total of 6.02 × 10²³ particles, where this number is called Avogadro's number.
In this case, the substance is water (H₂O). So that 1 mole has as many particles as:
Number of particles = 1 x 6.02 × 10²³
Number of particles = 16.02 × 10²³ particles
Learn more about atoms in 1 mole https://brainly.com/question/30150879
#SPJ4
what is the most common way an active transport occurs in a cell
The most common way that active transport occurs in a cell is through the transport proteins that are located at the cell membrane of the cell.
What is a cell?A cell is defined as the structural and functional unit of a living organism that is made up of membrane bound proteins that functions together for the benefit of the cell.
The semi permeable membrane that surrounds the cell is called the cell membrane and it allows the passage of some substances while refusing the passage of others.
The process it uses for transport is called active transport which occurs in a cell is through the transport proteins that are located at the cell membrane of the cell.
Learn more about cell here:
https://brainly.com/question/26122239
#SPJ1
Name two popular marine fishes and two marine fishes of high economic importance.
What would be the complementary sequence to the following strand of DNA Atgcatgc?
Always paired together are adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine. Bases on the complementary strand would thus be in the following sequence: TACGTACGT.
The DNA molecule is made up of two bases (or nucleotides) that contain nitrogen. Adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are the four bases of DNA (T). These bases come in particular pairs (A with T, and G with C). Base pairs can also refer to the actual number of base pairs in a sequence of nucleotides, such as 8 base pairs. Because DNA is often double-stranded, the size of a single gene or an organism's whole genome is frequently measured in base pairs.
Know more about nucleotides here: https://brainly.com/question/16308848
#SPJ4
What form of carbon do animals release during digestion?
When animals breathe and exhale, the carbon joins with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, which is then discharged back into the atmosphere as a waste product.
In mammals, food and oxygen are combined in the cells to create energy for everyday activity, which is followed by the release of carbon. Each and every living thing contains carbon. The carbon cycle is the continuous movement of carbon atoms through living things, the oceans, the atmosphere, and the crust of the Earth. The paths that carbon atoms take in this cycle are extremely convoluted, and it may take millions of years for them to complete a full round.
Every animal, including humans and dinosaurs, contributes to the carbon cycle.
Want to know more about carbon visit the link which is given below;
https://brainly.com/question/22530423
#SPJ4
what are building blocks for proteins
Answer:
they are described as amino acids
New eafloor rock i continually being formed at mid-ocean ridge and old eafloor rock i continually removed at ocean trenche. If the rock on the continent i continually formed but not removed, how would the age of the oldet rock on the continent compare with the age of the oldet rock on the eafloor?
Mid-ocean ridges occur along divergent plate boundaries where new ocean floors form as the Earth's tectonic plates spread. As the plates separate, lava rises to the ocean floor, causing massive volcanic eruptions of basalt.
The definition of seafloor spreading is a geological process occurring at the boundary between two plates where molten material within the Earth is pushed up and the plates move apart.
At the boundaries of these branches, the molten material cools and solidifies, creating a new oceanic crust or seafloor. Mid-ocean ridges are constantly forming new submarine rocks, and rifts are eroding older submarine rocks. If continental rocks are constantly being formed but not removed, what is the age of the oldest rocks on the continent compared to the age of ancient rocks on Earth.
Mid-ocean ridges occur along divergent plate boundaries where new ocean floors form as the Earth's tectonic plates spread. When the plates separate, lava rises to the seafloor, causing huge volcanic eruptions of basalt. The definition of seafloor spreading is a geological process occurring at the boundary between two plates that pushes molten material within the Earth, causing the plates to move apart from each other. At these branch boundaries, molten material cools and solidifies, creating new oceanic crust or seafloor.
Read more about continent;
https://brainly.com/question/351392
#SPJ4
difference between determinate and indeterminate tomatoes ?
Determinate tomatoes are more compact, stocky, and upright, and have more densely-packed leaves.
Which are better determinate or indeterminate tomatoes?The older plants don't sprawl and thus don't require quite as much support to keep them upright. Most tomato changes are indeterminate - that's the default - plants are taller and leggier and the foliage is scanter.
Determinate tomato plants are little and grow like a bush. They normally grow up to five feet tall, so they are perfect for a small garden or vessel gardening. Indeterminate tomato plants have a more vine-like form and can grow up.
So we can conclude that In general, determinate tomato plants are smaller and denser, with a shorter.
Learn more about tomatoes here: https://brainly.com/question/10243088
#SPJ1