what is an ecosystem

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

Humans are not that different from other animals, but vary in the finer detail.

Indeed most amniotes (terrestrial organisms with fetuses surrounded by membrane) work pretty well along the same principles, and there’s also much in common as far back as you want to go, really, on land or in water.

And my next semi-random thought is to say that cellular differentiation, like real estate (apparently), is all about location, location, location. Where the cells are, or where they came from, seems to matter a lot.

Actually, it’s more about layers. Like an onion. Or a cake. (I can’t believe I’m writing this, and apologies to any Shrek fans out there.)

What I mean to say is that some understanding of developmental embryology will help here. To simplify things enormously, our adult cell types ultimately arise from embryonic stem cells. These stem cells are multi-purpose and programmable, or pluripotent in a sense, and capable of making whatever type or form of cell is requested. They just need to be “told” what to do. And just tiny bits of code do exactly that, flipping switches on or off as required, based on cues like orientation, chemical gradients, and proximity.

Now a quick read of the links above will explain it all, but I’ll press on anyway. Out of that initial programming arises our ‘germ layers’, the mesoderm, the ectoderm and the endoderm. We are, after all, triploblastic. 3 layers, get it?

But you knew that.

In case you didn’t, these layers in effect give you a scaffold or more accurately perhaps a tube comprising an inside, outside, and a middle. Where your cells are hanging out in that tube matters, in that they pick up on their location and auto-magically become functionally relevant to that space. In a sense, I mean. Refer back to location, location, location.

Just knowing that pattern of proximity, gradients, and orientation more than simply sets the scene. Whether you work forwards or backwards from there, you will hopefully see that these “germ layers” derive quite simply from a much earlier differentiation, and then complexify. In that sense you have your answer - a complex set of diverse cell types arises by differentiation from an earlier, simpler differentiation. Which sounds a bit clunky when I write it out, but it gives a general idea.

So how does this complicated process happen?

Well, as I mentioned chemical gradients are probably to blame here. And it actually starts before fertilisation, in that the egg itself is already semi-structured and bathed in chemicals with a high-low gradient of some sort. In that sense it’s giving cellular differentiation a head start (there’s a pun there), by setting up some sort of polarity from the beginning. At the very least we get some ends happening, or a top and a bottom if you like.

Now, again simplifying things enormously, your average fertilised egg, or zygote, has by definition a complete set of your DNA ready and waiting, which contains the code for every protein-making gene, plus transcription factors, plus whatever else gets copied for various reasons, including those we haven’t teased out as yet.

Note that those transcription factors really matter. We may have around 20,000 protein-expressing genes, but we also have some 1,500 transcription factors that seem to switch the genes on, off, or arguably and effectively somewhere in between. Well, they work in combination and by that we get a huge amount of variation in expression, and thus our cellular diversity as well.

And all of that DNA goodness is sitting in that zygote, bathed in chemicals that may vary very slightly from top to bottom and side to side as it were, by concentration and by other traits, like temperature. Several such things interact, including orientation and proximity to neighbours, but let’s assert (based on experiments) that the gradient is important, and that it continues to guide the “differentiation” process as new cells are born.

Which is to say that by this process of reading the DNA and expressing only the genes that are switched on by the helpful and gradient-sensitive (say) transcription factors, we get set up to form those 3-D axes and the scaffolding that will guide our cellular replication strategy. Which then produces a result that with each round of replication becomes subtly different and more diverse. Over time the subtlety gives way to more recognisable layers and specialisation in function.

Perhaps not the neatest, clearest explanation but the quickest and least baffling one I can come up with right now. As always, read the links to get a better grasp.

Answer:

During the development of an organism, cells differentiate into many distinct cell types. How does a single fertilized egg cell develop into so many different types of specialized cells? ... They both cannot produce all cells. Multipotent- limited to replacing cells in the tissue where they are found.

Answer:

Evaporation

Explanation:

The type of transport protein used during glucose transportion across the cell membrane is facilitated diffusion.

Glucose is the main energetic substrate of the cell and requires a transporter protein in the cell membrane for its entry.

Proteins found on the surface of the membrane intervene in facilitated diffusion, which, when they make contact with the molecules, bind to them and allow their entry.

This route is used by molecules that are larger in size, with properties other than the membrane (polar), or are charged and do not cross the membrane freely; for example glucose.

The transport of glucose across the cell membrane is carried out by two families of membrane proteins:

Therefore, we can conclude that glucose enters cells through facilitating transport systems, glucose transporter are expressed in all tissues of the organism and transport glucose through its concentration gradient, hence the name of facilitated diffusion.

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Answer:

b. The DNA fragments move towards cathode under electric field through the matrix.

Explanation:

Gel electrophoresis is a molecular biology technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size using electric current. The electric current passes through a GEL (agarose gel is commonly used) matrix. Due to the fact that DNA is negatively charged, they tend to move towards a positively charged electrode called ANODE.

However, the smaller the size of the DNA fragment, the faster and farther it moves along the matrix. Gel electrophoresis is indeed a technique used to check how progressive a restriction enzyme has been able to digest DNA molecule into fragments.

Answer: The amniotic egg was an evolutionary invention that allowed the first reptiles to colonize dry land more than 300 million years ago. Fishes and amphibians must lay their eggs in water and therefore cannot live far from water. ... Within the chorion is the amnion, the membrane for which the amniotic egg is named.

Explanation:

Answer:

By a mutation that altered the shape of their wings, making them incapable of producing the chirping noise. The feat was achieved over less than 20 generations, a mere evolutionary blink of an eye, and, with the crickets living just a few weeks, a very rapid process.

Explanation:

Answer:

The change seems to have been caused by a mutation that altered the shape of their wings.

Explanation:

Makes them incapable of producing the chirping noise. The feat was achieved over less than 20 generations, a mere evolutionary blink of an eye, and, with the crickets living just a few weeks, a very rapid process.

Answer:

true

hope this helps you ☺️☺️

Electron transport chain can be defined as the series of organic molecules and proteins which are embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria. These molecules are involved in the shutting of electrons from FADH2 and NADH to the [tex]O_{2}[/tex].

The molecular oxygen is the final electron acceptor in this electron transport chain that leads to the formation of water and ATP as the end products. This chain takes place in the mitochondria in both animal and plant cells.

Hence, the given statement is true.

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Answer:

think it's A but not sure

Answer:

the 2nd and 4th

Explanation:

they contain more than one molecule due to them being different elements

Answer:

He should request type O on his dating survey.

Opine's blood type must be AO to have a higher probability of producing O offsprings.

Explanation:

O blood type is recessive so, when it is paired with another blood type like B or A, these would be dominant, giving B and A blood, respectively.

O blood type results are possible thanks to OO genotypes.

If the man's blood type is A, to have a higher chance of producing OO offsprings, his blood should be AO. The other possibility is that he has AA blood, which will result in a low probability of OO offsprings.

As regards the mother, her blood type should be OO.

We can see this more clearly in Punnet Square.

║ A ║O

O║AO║OO

O║AO║OO  

There is a 50% of probability of having O offsprings with AO and OO.

  ║ A ║A

O║AO║AO

O║AO║AO

With AA and OO, the probability is 0%

 ║ A ║O

A║AA║AO

O║AO║OO

With both parents having AO, blood the probability of having a OO offspring is 25%.

In conclusion, the higher chances of producing a OO offspring is if the parents are AO and OO.

Answer:

option C is correct answer of this question

hope it helps

it is balanced equation

The example of a balanced chemical equation is 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O. Thus, the correct option is C.

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of the chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas such as H₂O. Chemical equation are generally are unbalanced however, these reactions can be balanced.

Balancing a chemical equation refers to balancing the stoichiometric coefficients on both the reactants and products side of the reaction which is because the chemical equation must obey the law of conservation of mass of the atoms.

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

This reaction has 4 H and 2 O atoms.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Explanation:

Answer:

Eating

Hope this helps! <3

all of the above  cause the cardiovacular system help you move your blood

Answer:

1. all above

2. valves

3. arteries

4. gorta

5. muscle

Explanation:

Answer

hi, your answer is steel

Explanation:

because a skyscraper wouldn't stand well in bad weather as cardboard everything would eventually get wet. it couldn't be rubber, bc rubber would make it fall down a little. Plastic is strong, but eventually it wears away. so, steel is your answer

Answer:

I think its d or option 4

Explanation:

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Explanation:

D

Use the chart. The first amino acid is AUG

AUG is found in the row A, column U, and AUG is the 4th letter in the box, the sequence for it is met.

Looking at the next 3, UGG

The code for that is trap sk it has to be d.

Answer:

The fiberglass is the most affective at keeping the ice cream from melting.

Explanation:

The bolder dots are the fiber glass, and the line is not going up (melting), so it's the least melted.

Answer:

it's C. They attract pollinators

Answer:

Ear canal

Explanation:

answer:

a) cotyledons

explanation

Answer:

i think its A. burning coal in a power plant

Explanation:

sorry if im wrong but please let me know if this is correct or not

The method of generating electricity that does not use alternative energy resources is burning coal in a power plant.

Alternative energy resources are eco-friendly resources that can be used to produce energy.

These are renewable resources and can not be extinct.

These resources do not pollute the earth.

Examples are windmills, solar panels, hydropower, etc.

Thus, the correct option is a. Burn coal in a power plant.

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Answer:

Our of the cell

Explanation:

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Answer:

c.16J

Explanation:

because kinetic energy =1/2mv²

1/2 ×2×4²=16J

Answer:

What language is this?...