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3.5: Ionic Compounds- Formulas and Names
Last updatedAug 25, 2020
3.4: An Atomic-Level Perspective of Elements and Compounds
3.6: Molecular Compounds- Formulas and Names
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6.9: Binary Ionic Compounds and Their Properties
6.18: Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
Learning Objectives
Derive names for common types of inorganic compounds using a systematic approach
Nomenclature, a collection of rules for naming things, is important in science and in many other situations. This module describes an approach that is used to name simple ionic and molecular compounds, such as NaCl, CaCO3, and N2O4. The simplest of these are binary compounds, those containing only two elements, but we will also consider how to name ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions, and one specific, very important class of compounds known as acids (subsequent chapters in this text will focus on these compounds in great detail). We will limit our attention here to inorganic compounds, compounds that are composed principally of elements other than carbon, and will follow the nomenclature guidelines proposed by IUPAC. The rules for organic compounds, in which carbon is the principle element, will be treated in a later chapter on organic chemistry.
Ionic Compounds
To name an inorganic compound, we need to consider the answers to several questions. First, is the compound ionic or molecular? If the compound is ionic, does the metal form ions of only one type (fixed charge) or more than one type (variable charge)? Are the ions monatomic or polyatomic? If the compound is molecular, does it contain hydrogen? If so, does it also contain oxygen? From the answers we derive, we place the compound in an appropriate category and then name it accordingly.
Compounds Containing Only Monatomic Ions
The name of a binary compound containing monatomic ions consists of the name of the cation (the name of the metal) followed by the name of the anion (the name of the nonmetallic element with its ending replaced by the suffix –ide). Some examples are given in Table 3.5.2 .
Table 3.5.1 : Names of Some Ionic Compounds
NaCl, sodium chloride Na2O, sodium oxide
KBr, potassium bromide CdS, cadmium sulfide
CaI2, calcium iodide Mg3N2, magnesium nitride
CsF, cesium fluoride Ca3P2, calcium phosphide
LiCl, lithium chloride Al4C3, aluminum carbide
Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
Compounds containing polyatomic ions are named similarly to those containing only monatomic ions, except there is no need to change to an –ide ending, since the suffix is already present in the name of the anion. Examples are shown in Table 3.5.2 .
Table 3.5.2 : Names of Some Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
KC2H3O2, potassium acetate (NH4)Cl, ammonium chloride
NaHCO3, sodium bicarbonate CaSO4, calcium sulfate
Al2(CO3)3, aluminum carbonate Mg3(PO4)2, magnesium phosphate
Ionic Compounds in Your Cabinets
Ionic Compound Use
NaCl, sodium chloride ordinary table salt
KI, potassium iodide added to “iodized” salt for thyroid health
NaF, sodium fluoride ingredient in toothpaste
NaHCO3, sodium bicarbonate baking soda; used in cooking (and as antacid)
Na2CO3, sodium carbonate washing soda; used in cleaning agents
NaOCl, sodium hypochlorite active ingredient in household bleach
CaCO3 calcium carbonate ingredient in antacids
Mg(OH)2, magnesium hydroxide ingredient in antacids
Al(OH)3, aluminum hydroxide ingredient in antacids
NaOH, sodium hydroxide lye; used as drain cleaner
K3PO4, potassium phosphate food additive (many purposes)
MgSO4, magnesium sulfate added to purified water
Na2HPO4, sodium hydrogen phosphate anti-caking agent; used in powdered products
Na2SO3, sodium sulfite preservative
Table 3.5.3 : Names of Some Transition Metal Ionic Compounds
Transition Metal Ionic Compound Name
FeCl3 iron(III) chloride
Hg2O mercury(I) oxide
HgO mercury(II) oxide
Cu3(PO4)2 copper(II) phosphate
Naming Ionic Compounds
Name the following ionic compounds, which contain a metal that can have more than one ionic charge:
Fe2S3
CuSe
GaN
CrCl3
Ti2(SO4)3
Solution
The anions in these compounds have a fixed negative charge (S2−, Se2− , N3−, Cl−, and SO2−4 ), and the compounds must be neutral. Because the total number of positive charges in each compound must equal the total number of negative charges, the positive ions must be Fe3+, Cu2+, Ga3+, Cr4+, and Ti3+. These charges are used in the names of the metal ions:
iron(III) sulfide
copper(II) selenide
gallium(III) nitride
chromium(III) chloride
titanium(III) sulfate
Exercise 3.5.1
Write the formulas of the following ionic compounds:
(a) chromium(III) phosphide
(b) mercury(II) sulfide
(c) manganese(II) phosphate
(d) copper(I) oxide
(e) chromium(VI) fluoride
Answer
(a) CrP; (b) HgS; (c) Mn3(PO4)2; (d) Cu2O; (e) CrF6
Explanation:
The given compound is francium sulfate.
Explanation:
While naming ionic compounds :
First, write the name of cation Then after that name of the anion.Given
The molecule formula of a compound[tex]Fr_2SO_4[/tex]:
To find:
The name of the given compound formula
Solution:
Cation in formula = [tex]Fr^+[/tex] = Francium cation
Anion in the formula= [tex]SO_4^{-2}[/tex] = Sulfate anion
So, the name of the given compound is francium sulfate.
Learn more about the naming of compounds here:
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medicine some chemical components (chemical formula)
Answer:
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.
Compounds used as medicines are most often organic compounds, which are often divided into the broad classes of small organic molecules (e.g., atorvastatin, fluticasone, clopidogrel) and "biologics" (infliximab, erythropoietin, insulin glargine), the latter of which are most often medicinal preparations of proteins
Explanation:
is muriatic acid a compound or not?
How do you think the amount of a material affects its tendency to sink or float?
ASAP
Answer:
it dependes on the material
Explanation:
what is the material
Answer:
it doesnt
Explanation:
The amount of material does not reflect on its tendency to sink or float because that depends on density which is an intensive property.
explain the relationships that are present between the frequency, wavelength, and amplitude of a wave in 3 to 5 sentences.
Answer:
Wavelength refers to the length of a wave from one peak to the next. The amplitude or height of a wave is measured from the peak to the trough. The wavelength is measured from peak to peak. Wavelength is directly related to the frequency of a given wave form.
Which pair of symbols represents nuclei with the same number of neutrons?
A. 56 Co and 580
B. 57Co and 58Ni
c. 57Fe and 58 Ni
D. 57Mn and 57Fe
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Mass number = number of neutrons + number of protons
Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus.
58Ni : 58 is the number of neutrons + number of protons
atomic number of Ni is 28. Thus, 58 -28 = 30 neutrons
57Co ; 57 is the number of neutrons + number of protons
number of Co is 27. Thus, 57 – 27 = 30 neutrons
A jogger with a mass of 60 kg is moving at 2 m/s. What is the jogger's kinetic energy?
Answer:
Ke = mgv
Explanation:
(60)(9.81)(2) =1177.2 joules persecond or Watts.
1.177 kilowatts
At what temperature does water boil at 101kPa?
Answer:
100°C
Explanation:
A liquid boils when the vapour pressure is the same as the atmospheric pressure. At 101kPa or 1 atm, water boils at the well known number of 100°C. If the pressure is different, you will have to use the Clausius Clapeyron Equation.
2. When one plate is thrust under another plate it will create what landform?
a. Rift valley
b. Mountain range
C. Subduction zone-trench
d. Crater
Answer:
a
Explanation:
How r fossil fuel helpful
Plss help ill give brainliest
Answer: The United States gets 81% of its total energy from oil, coal, and natural gas, all of which are fossil fuels. We depend on those fuels to heat our homes, run our vehicles, power industry and manufacturing, and provide us with electricity.
Explanation:
....
Answer:
They give us things that we couldnt get anywhere else and arent harmful to the enviornment
Explanation:
2. What are the units for the mass of a solid? mass of a liquid?
Answer:
I'm not sure myself but I'd say mass since it's a solid
Which animal would you want to swim with the most, Dolphin or A White Whale?
Answer:
White whale
Explanation:
Just because I never seen a white whale:)
the elements boron, silicon, germanium, and arsenic be classified into? *
What causes the air above a pot of boiling water to become warm?
The air transfers thermal energy to the water vapor.
The water vapor transfers thermal energy to the air.
The particles in the air lose kinetic energy.
The particles in the water vapor gain kinetic energy.
Answer: The water vapor transfers thermal energy to the air.
Explanation:
Planets A and B are both the same size, but planet B has three times the mass of planet A. How does the weight of an object compare on the two planets?
Choose the correct answer.
The weight of an object is the same on both planets.
The weight of an object is three times larger on planet A.
The weight of an object is three times larger on planet B.
The weight of an object will depend on more factors than just the weight and size of the planet.
Answer:
The answer is d
Explanation:
1. What happens to the height of the skater over time?
Answer:
if their genes want to grow any more, they'll grow.
Explanation:
Need help ASAP please
Answer:Melting can create steam, kind of like a nukeular plant exept no nukulear rods
Molecules in a liquid are:
closer together than in a gas
moving more quickly than in a solid
moving more slowly than in a gas
all of the above
Please help!!!
Answer:
all of the above
Explanation:
Which descriptions apply to prokaryotic cells? Check all that apply.
are usually single-celled
contain a nucleus
do not contain membrane-bound organelles
have DNA located in cytoplasm
Answer:
-are usually single celled
-do not contain membrane-bound organelles
-have DNA located in cytoplasm
Explanation:
currently taking the test
Can someone help me with number two pls
Answer:
The answer is G
Explanation:
this is because of what a element looks like on a periodic table
Answer:
F. 1 and 3
Elements are pure substance
Which of these is a physical change in shape?
A. Digesting food
B. Cooking an egg
C. Breaking a glass
D. Dissolving salt
The valence electrons are those found in the highest energy ____ and ___ orbitals
^Please help ASAP I’ll mark you as brainlister FILL in the blank
The outmost free electron which is present in the outer shell is called valency. The number of elements joining together to form the compound also depends on the valency.
Each electron has revolved around the nucleus and that path is considered as orbit. The orbit is as follows:-
SPDFThe free electrons are usually lie in the outmost shell.
Hence according to the question, the correct option is S and P orbit.
For more information, refer to the link:-
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Does the use of lithium cause human health problems?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
Lithium can cause nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, change in heart rhythm, muscle weakness, fatigue, and a dazed feeling
Continued use of Lithium could mean fine tremor, frequent urination, and thirst
Source: Webmd.com
Which is the control center for the endocrine system?
O the thymus
the hypothalamus
the pancreas
o the thyroid
Answer: the hypothalamus
Thank you for the answer, it is much appreciated, and if you haven't seen it already, it is B.
Answer:
The answer is B on edge
Explanation:
2. Calculate the density of a rock that has a mass of 21.58 grams and causes the water in a
graduated cylinder to rise from 20.0yl to 25.4 ml.
Answer:
4.00 g/mL
Explanation:
Density is mass divided by volume (g/mL).
Mass of rock = 21.58
Volume of rock = 25.4 - 20.0 = 5.4mL
Density of rock = 21.58g / 5.4mL = 3.99629 g/mL
Round to the lowest number of significant figures which is three = 4.00 g/mL
a molecule for sulfur dioxide consists of one sulfur atoms (S) and two oxygen atoms (0). what is the chemical formula for this compound
with of the following describe a chemical change
a) a metal fork was melted
b) a metal fork was cut in half
c) a metal fork became bent
d) a metal fork became rusted
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Rusting is a chemical change that occurs due to oxygen.
Answer:
d i had this your welcome
Count the total number of atoms in CH4:
Answer:
5 atoms
Explanation:
there is 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms
Which among the following is/are correct about solution (true solution)?
I. Concentration of solute will always be the same throughout a mixture
in a solution.
II. Solutions do not show scattering of light.
(a) only I (b) only II
(c) both I and II (d) none
Answer
A
Explanation
letter a kase tama
Which of the following is an example of quantitative data?
A.five eggs in each nest
B.oval-shaped eggs
C.small eggs
D.blue eggs with white specks
Which answer choice correctly describes what will happen to an element with four valence electrons if it engages in a chemical reaction?
a. It will lose electrons.
b. It will neither gain nor lose electrons.
c. It will gain electrons.
d. It may gain or lose electrons.