Option e: When the late current was blocked, the reversal potential of the inward current shifted to a negative membrane potential. This observation is not an evidence that helped identify sodium a s the early current of the action potential.
Reversal potential is the potential at which the current reverses direction: it changes from positive to negative.
During a typical action potential, the small resting ion conductance mediated by potassium channels is overwhelmed by the opening of numerous Na+ (sodium ion) channels.
This brings the membrane potential towards the reversal potential of sodium.
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In conducting a test on the kind of music that may encourage plant growth, what practice upholds the fair test standard?
In conducting a test on the kind of music that may encourage plant growth, exposing the plants to different types of music upholds the fair test standard.
For most plants playing classical or jazz music caused growth to increase.
Research like Ellis' shows that sounds, music or noise can stimulate plant growth. Plants respond to sound waves and vibrations by causing plant cells to move, which leads to more nutrients.
Plants thrive when they listen to music that sits between 115Hz and 250Hz, as the vibrations emitted by such music emulate similar sounds in nature.
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The most abundant proteins in the muscles are what?
Myosin i think not sure
_____ is a gene silencing technique that is based on the fact that RNA molecules can fold into short, double-stranded regions where the base sequence is complementary.
RNAi is a gene silencing technique that is based on the fact that RNA molecules can fold into short, double-stranded regions where the base sequence is complementary.
What is the RNAi mechanism?A conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA, known as RNA interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), promotes resistance to both endogenous parasites and exogenous harmful nucleic acids and controls the expression of protein-coding genes. Small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules are used as triggers by most eukaryotic cells' RNA interference (RNAi) regulatory mechanisms to direct homology-dependent control of gene activity.
In order to protect plants from molecular parasites like viruses, RNA silencing has evolved. In controlling gene expression for growth and development, it is also helpful. These pathways interact with one another and generate short RNAs to function.
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Which of the following is a form of conditioning?
Answer choices:
A frequent heroin user experiences euphoria upon injecting any liquid
A faint buzzing becomes more annoying and apparent as it continues
Becoming less scared of bees after a colony builds a hive on your house
The unpleasantness of smelling durian fruit for the first time
Learning to duck after you get slapped in the face
Learning to duck after you get slapped in the face is a form of conditioning.
ConditioningAccording to the "learning" or conditioning theory of behavioral psychology, a person or an animal's response to an object or event can be changed. Operant Conditioning, which Skinner developed from the most well-known variation of this, is a result of the Classical Conditioning method. The experiments of Ivan Pavlov, who decided to study conditioning after learning that his canine subjects began to salivate not only when meat powder was presented to them, but more importantly, when the person who was feeding them came into proximity with them, provided evidence for this mode of learning. The dogs unintentionally learned through classical conditioning to link the person giving them food with the meal itself and responded similarly to the feeders as a result.
Which of the following is a form of conditioning?
Answer choices:
A frequent heroin user experiences euphoria upon injecting any liquid
A faint buzzing becomes more annoying and apparent as it continues
Becoming less scared of bees after a colony builds a hive on your house
The unpleasantness of smelling durian fruit for the first time
Learning to duck after you get slapped in the face
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You cut down a tree and count 23 annual rings in the trunk. you conclude that the tree is:____.
Each ring marks an entire cycle of seasons, or one year, within the tree's life. Hence 23 rings shows 23 years of trees life . Measurement of tree rings are based on Radiocarbon dating. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree's life. The light-colored rings represent wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings represent wood that grew in the late summer and fall.
Rings of trees growing in temperate climates can indeed tell their age through their annual rings and also help determine the age of wood used to construct buildings or wooden objects.
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Increased ADH secretion should cause the urine to have:____.
a. a higher ph.
b. a lighter color.
c. a higher specific gravity.
d. a lower urea concentration.
Increased ADH secretion should cause the urine to have a lower urea concentration.
This means that when the level of Antidiuretic hormone, secretion is increased, it lowers the concentration of urea in the urine
What are hormones?Hormones can be defined as those chemical messangers or substances which are released to sites where they are need to effect action within the body system
Some few examples of hormones are:
AdrenalineInsulinGlucagonAntidiuretic hormonesAldosteroneAdrenocorticotropic hormoneOxytocinAuxinGibberellinIncreased ADH secretion should cause the urine to have a lower urea concentration.
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I WILL MARK U BRAINLIEST IF U ANSWER THIS QUESTION!
Cold-blooded animals, such as frogs, are able to deliver blood to their cells once their bodies
warm up. Predict what time of day you think frogs are likely to be most active.
Answer:
Morning or night
Explanation:
Depending on what time of day is the coolest, cold-blooded animals will be more active during that time. So I know that where I live, it is coolest early morning or late at night but most likely they wouldn't be active during the middle of the day when it is the hottest.
Which muscle is highlighted? brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi radialis longus pronator teres
The muscle which is highlighted in the diagram provided in the question is referred to as brachioradialis and is therefore denoted as option A in this context.
What is a Muscle?These are characterized by the presence of soft tissues which contract in other to exert a force. It is also involved in performing various types of activities for our daily living and survival such as eating, ,lifting of objects etc.
The brachioradialis is a muscle which is present in the forearm and helps in its flexion movement at the elbow region. The origin of this type of muscle is at the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and performs other functions such as pronation and supination.
This is therefore the reason why brachioradialis was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Animals that lie in cold climates tend to have higher proportions of __________ fatty acid residues in their lipids than do animals that live in warm climates.
What is the outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and calories in general?
The outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and calories in general is "the amino acids are stored as fat".
What is amino acid?Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life.
You need amino acids for vital processes such as building proteins, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
Amino acids are concentrated in protein-rich foods such as;
meat, fishegg soybeans, etcWhat are calories?Calorie is a unit of energy. This derived from eating energy giving foods.
Excess calories in the body is often store d as fat.
Thus, the outcome of amino acids if someone overeats protein and calories in general is "the amino acids are stored as fat".
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3. The table below shows factors that could be present in a population. Next to each factor,
write whether this would cause natural selection or not.
Answer:
1.) No
2.)Yes
3.)No
4.)Yes
5.)No
Explanation: Hope this helped!
To be injured by an animal with poisonous spines, you must: Select one: Be within a radius of 3 m/10 ft, as most poisonous animals cannot shoot their spines farther than this. Be the aggressor and touch the animal first. Be bare-handed, as most spines cannot pass through gloves. None of the above.
To be injured by an animal with poisonous spines, you must: be the aggressor and touch the animal first.
What is the use of spines in animals?Spines are hard, needle-like anatomical structures found in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The spines of most spiny mammals are modified hairs, with a spongy center covered in a thick, hard layer of keratin and a sharp tip.Spines on an animal’s body help defend it.They can be irritating or painful, or difficult to swallow. Spines are also important tools for communication, shock absorption, and rain protection.Animals like porcupine shoot their spines (quills) for defense. Some spines can also pass through gloves.To prevent attacked by an animal with poisonous spines you must remain calm and observe your surroundings.Learn about plant spines here:
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PLEASE HELP! I GOING TO FAIL!
Nutrients are brought to spongy bone through which mechanism? (2 points)
Transport through Haversian canals
Diffusion through canaliculi
Diffusion through the lacuna
Transport through collagen fibers
I'm completely sure it's not the first option, but I don't know which one it is!!!!
Answer:
DIFFUSION THROUGH CANALICULI.
Explanation:
Through the process of diffusion through the canaliculi, nutrients are delivered to compact bone. Osteocyte communication occurs through microscopic channels called canaliculi that exist between lacunae.
You got this! Don't think that you're going to fail! Stay in there!
Why do sex-linked traits follow different patterns of inheritance than other
traits?
O A. Males only have one X chromosome.
O B. Females only carry dominant alleles.
O C. Males only carry recessive alleles.
O D. Females only have one X chromosome
Answer:
O A. Males only have one X chromosome.
Explanation:
Males are XY and Females are XX. Based on this fact, option A is true. Option B is false b/c women can carry recessive alleles, option c is incorrect b/c males can carry dominant alleles, option D is incorrect b/c females have two X chromosomes.
From process of elimination, A is the best choice. Hope you get it right
All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separate the cytoplasm from the:_________
All cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
The plasma membrane, a double layer of lipids that divides the inside of the cell from the outside environment, is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Phospholipids, a type of specialized lipid, make up the majority of this double layer.
A phospholipid is composed up of two hydrophobic, water-fearing fatty acid tails and a hydrophilic, water-loving phosphate head.
The hydrophobic tails of phospholipids naturally arrange themselves in a double-layered arrangement with their hydrophilic heads facing outward.
Numerous biological membranes include this phospholipid bilayer, a two-layer structure that is energetically advantageous.
Hence, all cells are surrounded by cell membranes, also called plasma membranes, that separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
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What is the correct order for structures in the nervous system pathway for hearing? a. axons project to the auditory cortex. b. axons project to inferior colliculi.
The correct order of structures in the nervous system pathway to hearing is that axons project to the auditory cortex.
A. Axons project to the auditory cortex.Inferior colliculus neurons send their axons to the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN) of the thalamus, which in turn projects to the auditory cortex.
What is the route of the roads?
The cochlear nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus in the temporal bone and enters the brainstem in the upper part of the medulla, at its junction with the pons, next to the facial nerve (VII), in the region of the cerebellopontine angle.
Which part of the brain controls hearing?Temporal Lobe: located near the ear, it is responsible for the perception of hearing, enabling the analysis of sounds. In addition, it functions as a processor of memory and emotions.
With this information, we can conclude that We hear when sound waves travel through the air to our eardrum and then through the middle ear to our inner ear and from there finally to the auditory centers of our brain. Our ears are always active, continually transporting sounds along this auditory pathway.
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What cortical region is represented by the area at d?
Answer:
primary visual cortex
The principal area of the brain responsible for receiving, integrating, and processing visual information received from the retinas is known as the visual cortex. It is located in the most backward part of the brain, in the primary cerebral cortex's occipital lobe.
What is the primary visual cortex in the cortical region?The primary brain region for processing visual information is the occipital lobe. The eyes send visual data to the main visual cortex, also referred to as V1.
Both stationary and phase-encoded polar coordinate stimuli were used to define the retinotopy in each subject's V1 (also known as the primary visual cortex, striate cortex, or Brodmann's area 17).
Maps of the flattened cortical surface were used to illustrate data from V1 and surrounding retinotopic regions.
Therefore, Both cerebral hemispheres' occipital lobes contain the primary visual cortex.
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What are ribosomes? state their functions
Answer:
Ribosomes, also called Palade granules, are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Function: The ribosome reads the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids, which grow into long chains that fold to form proteins.
Answer:
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
Explanation:
mark as brainlest answerᕙ( • ‿ • )ᕗᕙ( • ‿ • )ᕗᕙ( • ‿ • )ᕗ
What are mutations?
For biology revision
Answer: cells are incredibly accurate when they are copying DNA, but there are going to be some errors.
Most of these errors can often times break the organism in some way or might not at all.
But every now and then, some of these errors either as an individual base pair or maybe cumulatively can produce a different phenotype and potentially a phenotype that has an advantage.
This is mutation.
A mutation is a change to an organism's DNA sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
what are the different types of mutation?There are three types of DNA Mutations:
base substitutionsdeletions insertions.Base substitutions : Point mutations are single nucleotide substitutions; consider the point mutation Glu ——-> Val is the culprit of sickle cell anaemia.
Deletions : A deletion happens when one or more base pairs are deleted from the DNA, which causes a frameshift.
Insertions: Depending on whether multiples of three base pairs are entered, the addition of additional base pairs may cause frameshifts.
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You are examining a gene that normally has the sequence ACGATTTGGCGCBut in the mutant fruit fly you have produced, you see the sequence ATGATTTGGTGTWhat likely caused this mutation?a. Mutations induced by UV.b. Spontaneous mutations within the cell.c. Mutations induced by benzopyrene.d. It is impossible to predict what caused this type of mutation.e. Mutations induced by HNO2.
Mutations induced by UV.
The answer is option A.
They have a defect of their "curly gene," that's on the second chromosome. Having curled wings is a dominant mutation, this means that only one copy of the gene must be altered to supply the disorder. In reality, if both copies are mutated, the flies do not continue to exist.
Geneticists have lengthily counseled that mutations in insect pigment genes reason for modifications in the fly's brain because these pigments are crafted from dopamine, a chemical messenger that acts in the brain.
Thru those early experiments, he located that every one of the white-eyed flies being produced was a man, there were no white-eyed women in any respect. Inheritance of the white-eye trait might have a basis within the chromosomes, greater, in particular, the sex chromosomes.
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What evidence exists that humans evolved in africa?
Fossil record of the first possible bipeds is the evidence exists that state humans are evolved in Africa. Modern humans arose in Africa at least 250,000 to 300,000 years ago, fossils and DNA are the evidence that reveals. Scientists have been unable to pinpoint a more specific homeland because the earliest Homo sapiens fossils are found all across Africa.
Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 6 and 2 million years ago come entirely from Africa. Most scientists currently recognize some 15 to 20 different species of early humans found from Africa.
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Explain why Mendel needed to study two different genes rather than two different alleles of one gene in order to derive the principle of independent assortment.
Mendel needed to study two different genes rather than two different alleles of one gene to derive the principle of independent assortment because independent assortment is the phenomenon of the segregation of alleles of two or more genes during gamete formation independent of one another.
When Mendel studied the inheritance of two genes he observed that the alleles of these two genes were assorted during gamete formation in a random fashion and were not dependent on each other. He stated this as the law of independent assortment.
The independent assortment of genes is possible because of the random arrangement of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate during meiosis-I.
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The center of our galaxy contains a very intense source of radio and x-ray radiation named sgr a*. what is it about this source that supports the idea that the radiation comes from a black hole?
The radiation is coming from an incredibly small object. This source supports the idea that the radiation comes from a black hole.
The rotating and barycenter of the Milky Way galaxy is known as the Galactic Center (or Galactic Centre). Sagittarius A*, a compact radio source that is almost perfectly at the galactic rotational center, is the galaxy's central massive object and is a supermassive black hole with a mass of roughly 4 million solar masses.Hawking radiation is a result of how quantum fields behave when there is substantial gravity present. Astronomers search for a signal of light from stuff that heats up as it falls into the black hole in order to find this form of radiation, which is only significant for extremely small black holes.SgrA is a radio emission source that is situated in the galaxy's nucleus. Within 1 light year away. , several hundred stars are crowded around it.learn more about black hole here: https://brainly.com/question/16758691
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Durairajanayagam D, Agarwal A, Ong C. Causes, effects and molecular mechanisms of testicular heat stress. Reproductive biomedicine online. 2015 Jan 1;30(1):14-27.
Temperature affects spermatogenesis, which functions best at body temperatures just a little lower than those.
Abstract:To keep testicular temperatures below those of the body core, adequate thermoregulation is essential. The process of mammalian spermatogenesis and the resulting spermatozoa are negatively impacted by elevated testicular temperature. Therefore, sperm quality can be affected and the likelihood of infertility is increased by thermoregulatory dysfunction resulting in heat stress. This article reviews a variety of internal and external factors that may lead to testicular heat stress. We go into more detail on how heat stress affects the spermatogenesis process, the resulting epididymal spermatozoa, germ cells, and the alterations that result in the testis.
We also go over the chemical reactions of germ cells to heat exposure and potential processes, such as apoptosis, DNA damage, and autophagy, that could lead to heat-induced germ cell damage. Further explanation is provided for the intrinsic and extrinsic processes involved in the complex mechanism of germ cell death. These intricate apoptotic pathways ultimately result in the demise of germ cells.
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What is the natural treatment (fruit name) to remove the kidney stone?
Answer:
Pomegranate
Explanation:
Especially Pomegranate juice
hope it helps
Answer:
Try pomegranate juice.
Explanation:
Pomegranate is often used to treat conditions like ulcers and diarrhea, and it may also be beneficial in treating kidney stones because it decreases calcium oxalate and is also rich in antioxidants. Antioxidants help prevent and reduce oxidative stress, which is linked to kidney stone formation.
Hope it helps Raj! :)
Although A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah is a __________, it uses many elements of __________.
biography . . . fiction
memoir . . . fiction
tall tale . . . nonfiction
poem . . . nonfiction
Although A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah is a memoir, it uses many elements of fiction.
What is a memoir?Memoir is a type of literary genre that constitutes a personal narrative and its most significant feature is the insertion of the writer himself as the main character.
Writing an memoir implies a literary pact and not a historical or documentary one, because sometimes the narrative presents a memorialistic rescue (based on reality) and sometimes it builds the plot with the threads of fiction.
So, in this case, A Long Way Gone by Ishmael Beah is a memoir, it uses many elements of fiction.
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What is metopus, and what type of endosymbiont does it keep?
Answer:
Hey i think there is an error in ur question, u may recheck the so called word "metopus"
But here is the definition of Endosymbionts are organisms that form a symbiotic relationship with another cell or organism
When using the netcat command to test a network port, which option will provide output that is not useful for scripting, but is useful for the human eye?
When using the netcat command to test a network port, the option that will provide output that is not useful for scripting, but is useful for the human eye is The "-v" flag,
This netcat command is necessary for human understanding as it stands for verbose and is used to test network ports.
However, it should be noted that it is not useful for scripting.
What is a Program Command?This refers to the set of lines that are translated into machine-readable format and used to give instructions to the computer.
Hence, we can see that when using the netcat command to test a network port, the option that will provide output that is not useful for scripting, but is useful for the human eye is The "-v" flag, which stands for verbose
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Explain how warm atmospheric conditions lead to severe storms.
The warm atmospheric conditions lead to severe storms is Thunderstorms
Layers of warm, moist air rise in a strong updraft to cooler areas of the atmosphere, whereupon thunderstorms form. At that location, the updraft's moisture condenses to create imposing cumulonimbus clouds and, eventually, precipitation.
Thunderstorm development requires three basic components: moisture, an unstable atmosphere, and a method to get the atmosphere moving. To create thunderstorm clouds and precipitation, moisture is required.
The warm air cools and condenses as it ascends, generating tiny water droplets. When there is sufficient instability in the atmosphere, warm air rises swiftly, and the water vapor condenses quickly to form cumulonimbus clouds. Usually, it takes less than an hour for these cumulonimbus clouds to form.
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Glycolysis would quickly halt if the process ran out of _____, which serves as the hydrogen and electron acceptor
A Final statement or concluding statement
Glycolysis would quickly halt if the process ran out of NAD+, which serves as the hydrogen and electron acceptor.
What are the fundamentals of Glycolysis?Glycolysis eventually breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis is divided into two steps that take place in the cytoplasm of cells. Because it uses two ATP molecules, the first phase is known as the "investment" phase, and the second as the "payoff" phase. Each of these processes is catalyzed by its own enzyme, with phosphofructokinase being the most important for regulation since it governs the rate of glycolysis.
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