The statement that is least accurate among the given options is: "IgM is not effective at neutralizing viruses due to its low antigen affinity."
IgM antibodies are actually very effective at neutralizing viruses. IgM is the first class of antibody produced during an initial immune response to an infection. While IgM antibodies have a lower antigen affinity compared to other antibody classes, they are effective at neutralizing viruses through various mechanisms, including direct virus neutralization, complement activation, and recruitment of other immune cells.
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he saw happiness as an important human goal and is known to have introduced the science of happiness
Aristotle
According to Aristotle "Happiness is the meaning and purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence"
What is Happiness ?Happiness is a life that is being well led through virtue, living well and acting well.
Happiness depends on ourselves.” More than anybody else, Aristotle enshrines happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. Aristotle tells us that the most important factor in the effort to achieve happiness is to have a good moral character — what he calls “complete virtue.”But being virtuous is not a passive state: one must act in accordance with virtue.Learn more about Happiness here:
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What is the norm of reaction? Multiple choice question. The combination of tissues and organs that are affected by a pleiotropic mutation The phenotypic range displayed by individuals with a particular genotype under different environmental conditions The ability of a single wild-type allele to produce enough protein to confer a wild-type phenotype in a heterozygote
The norm of reaction refers to the phenotypic range displayed by individuals with a particular genotype under different environmental conditions.
Norm of Reaction
The norm of reaction or the reaction norm refers to the range of phenotypes exhibited by a genotype in varying environmental conditions. The norm of reaction assesses the environmental variation and its contribution to producing the phenotypic variation that may occur in the same or related species.
Phenotypes and Environment
The production of a phenotype depends on the genotype and the interaction of the same with the environment. The norm of reaction often represents the limit of phenotypic variations possible for a genotype in an environment. The interaction of genotype and environment was described by Richard Woltereck. Such interactions occur in many dimensions and multiple levels of development.
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which of the following abiotic factors can cause harmful effects such as acid rain when too much is releadein to the atmosphere
Abiotic factors can cause harmful effects such as acid rain when too much is releadein to the atmosphere are Carbon, and Sulfur.
Acid rain
Acid deposition, often known as acid rain, is a general name for any type of precipitation that contains acidic elements, such as sulfuric or nitric acid, which falls to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. This can apply to rain, snow, fog, hail, and even corrosive dust. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) that are released into the atmosphere and carried by air currents and wind result in acid rain. Water, oxygen, and other molecules react with the SO2 and NOX to generate sulfuric and nitric acids. While some of the SO2 and NOX that create acid rain come from natural sources like volcanoes, the majority of it is produced by burning fossil fuels.
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Most cytochrome p450 enzymes alter the activity of drugs by?
Most cytochrome p450 enzymes can alter the activity of drugs by oxidizing them.
What is the cytochrome p450 enzyme?The cytochrome p450 enzyme is a family of monooxygenases that act during the electron transport chain of the process of cellular respiration.
This enzyme (cytochrome p450 enzyme) is able to oxide different types of molecules such as lipids and steroids during oxide reduction (redox) chemical reactions.
The inhibition of the activity of the cytochrome p450 enzyme can alter cellular activity, thereby the cell cannot survive.
In conclusion, most cytochrome p450 enzymes can alter the activity of drugs by oxidizing them.
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In eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle is divided into two main phases in which the cell spends most of its time and metabolic energy. these two phases are?
Interphase and mitosis are the two main phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle where the cells spends most of time as well as as its metabolic energy.
The cell cycle involves the different stages which a cell goes through as it grows and divides in order to form new cells. Cell cycle requires metabolic energy as well as the availability of nutrients. In eukaryotes, this cycle is basically divided into interphase and mitosis.
The interphase can be subdivided into G1, S and G2 phases. The cell spends most of its time in this stage. It involves the duplication of the nuclear DNA which is present in the cell and during this stage the cell grows in size. No division of the cell takes place during interphase. This stage is succeeded by mitosis. This stage involves the division of the cell, that is, the single eukaryotic cell divides and results in the formation of two daughter cells which are genetically identical to their parent cell.
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The middle pleistocene and the late pleistocene correspond to which cultural periods?
The middle stone age and the later stone age corresponds to the middle and the late pleistocene.
Cultural evolution during the middle and the late pleistocene :-
In southwestern Asia as well as northern and southern Africa, personal ornaments in the form of perforated seashells are recorded from the early Late Pleistocene. In the Old World, Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans are linked to a range of personal ornamentation by about 40,000 years ago (Ka). These include fully created ornaments as well as organically modified things. The appearance of figurative art, mythical imagery, and other types of items, like as musical instruments, at various times in history suggest that completely modern behavior began to emerge more gradually towards the middle of the Late Pleistocene and most definitely no later than 40 Ka. Many, but not all, of the lengthy and rigorous history of study might well have helped to the relevant data come from Europe.
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The location of an allele on a homologous chromosome is the same, but the allele information may be _______.
The location of an allele on a homologous chromosome is the same, but the allele information may be different
For genes with the same corresponding loci, homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs that are roughly the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern. The organism inherits one homologous chromosome from its mother and the other from its father.
The same genes are found in the same places all along the length of homologous chromosomes, which are paired together. A diploid organism has a full set of chromosomes since each homologous chromosome is inherited in one copy from each parent. A homologous set of chromosomes are identical in size and form and are highly similar to one another.
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when it comes to your natural positive/negative ratio when ineracting with students, long term patterns mattermore than single interactions
when it comes to your natural positive/negative ratio when interacting with students, long-term patterns matter more than single interactions
The proportion of positive to negative encounters that is "magic." The prevalent notion that there is a "magic" ratio of positive-to-negative contacts for enhancing interpersonal relationships is shown by Flora's position. In the subject of education, it is frequently advised that teachers keep a particular balance between their positive and negative interactions with students.
Although this rule has strong face validity, no particular ratio has any empirical backing. The writers argue against the usage of any particular ratio but are in favor of maintaining a high positive to negative ratio. They cover topics such as the evolution of recommendations for the positive-to-negative interaction ratio and an overview of pertinent studies on pupils with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD).
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The central nervous system consists of the: Group of answer choices parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. sense organs and sensory neurons. brain and the spinal cord. muscles and glands.
According to the research, the central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord (c).
What is the central nervous system?It is made up of the brain and spinal cord, these are the main information and control centers of the body.
The brain is the organ contained within the skull, which integrates and controls all the functions of the body, from the sensory, motor and integrative part.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord (c).
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After a short, high-level exposure to a toxicant, you immediately feel dizzy and nauseous. you are likely showing symptoms of:______
Blood pressure drops excessive they sit or stand up which condition called or postural hypo-tension.Orthostatic hypotension which is also called postural hypotenmnsion.
Orthoostatic hypotension caan caused dizziness or lightheadedness hypotension which is a form of low blood pressure that can happens when standing after sitting or lying down.But in some cases people with high blood pressure may have a pounding feeling in their head or cheat a feeling of lightheartedness.
Dizziness and nausea people feeling lightheaded enough to faint or notice cold, clammy skin, blurry vision, or chest pain.Dizziness or light headedness when standing occurs in about 20% of old people.
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The evolutionary perspective's emphasis on adaptation recalls the focus of the school of structuralism.
The statement 'the evolutionary perspective's emphasis on adaptation recalls the focus of the school of structuralism' is TRUE.
What is the evolutionary perspective?The evolutionary perspective makes reference to a theoretical framework in which the tree of life can be encompassed by common origin criteria.
In a similar way, structuralism examines human cognitive features in a single framework based on behavioral features and human cultural contexts.
In conclusion, the statement 'the evolutionary perspective's emphasis on adaptation recalls the focus of the school of structuralism' is TRUE.
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Scientists discovered a regular cycle of eclipses. It is called the Saros cycle. The table below
shows the dates of some eclipses in this cycle.
Complete the table by predicting the date of the next eclipse in the Saros cycle.
The next eclipse in the Saros cycle will be at 22nd of August 2017.
What is an eclipse?
Eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon marked by the total or partial darkening of a star due to the passage of some celestial body in front of a light source. There are two categories of eclipse: the solar eclipse and the lunar eclipse.
With that being said it is possible to notice that all eclipses are happening with an interval of 18 years. So as the last eclipse was in 1999, the next one will be in 2017. As for the day, it is possible to notice that they are happening 11 days after the last one. So as the last one was in 11th of August, the next one will be in 22nd of August.
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When RNA polymerase synthesizes a new mRNA, interactions between the RNA polymerase, the DNA, and the RNA hold the complex together. When a hairpin loop forms in the nascent mRNA:
When a hairpin loop forms in the nascent mRNA: The hairpin will destabilize the interaction and possibly lead to transcriptional termination.
Transcription in prokaryotes like E. coli is terminated either by a rho-dependent process or a rho-independent process. Intrinsic termination is controlled by the specific sequences of RNA .
When the termination process starts, the transcribed mRNA forms a stable secondary structural hairpin loop, also known as a stem-loop. Several uracil nucleotides follow this RNA hairpin. The uracil and adenine connections are exceedingly weak. NusA, a protein attached to RNA polymerase, attaches to the stem-loop structure so firmly that it momentarily stalls the polymerase.
The polymerase is pausing at the same time that the poly-uracil sequence is being transcribed. The RNA-DNA duplex can unwind and separate from the RNA polymerase because the weak adenine-uracil interactions reduce the energy of destabilization for the RNA-DNA duplex. Overall, transcription is terminated by the modified RNA structure.
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You have stumbled on a new species of fly (order Diptera), and being a geneticist, you have already deritifled a few genes and observed an unusual phenotypic inheritance pattern. You have noticed that some flies have wings pointing forward and other flies have wings pointing backward. Digging in a bit deeper, you discover that the gene wing direction will controls which direction the wings point, and that if you cross homozygous backward-wing mother (wdir wall with a homozygous forward-wing father (wdir wer), all of the offspring (wdir wdin) have backward wings. When you perform the reciprocal cross, a homozygous forward-wing mother (wdi wdld with a homozygous backward-wing father (wdir wald, you observe that all of the offspring (wair wdir) have forward-facing wings. How would you account for this bizarre genotype phenotype relationship? a. Wing direction exhibits codominance where both phenotypes are represented equally b. The wdr gene is pleiotropic and affects multiple characteristics of the offspring causing the strange genotype phenotype relationship c. Wing direction is affected by something in the environment and is therefore an epgenetic trail Only the matemal gene for wing direction is being expressed due to genomic imprinting that silences the paternal gene during gamete formation d. Wing direction is obeying Mendes tws of independent assortment and segregation, therefore there is a 50/50 chance that wings will taco forward or backward in each offspring
Genomic imprint is the inactivation or silencing of one allele while the other one is still expressed. Option D). Only the maternal gene for wing direction is being expressed due to genomic imprinting.
What is the genomic imprint?Genomic imprint or allele inactivation is the process through which one of the alleles of a gene (the one coming from the mother or the father) is suppressed, and only the other allele can be expressed.
This is not a mutation but a silencing effect due to other external factors. The unequal functional paternal and maternal genomes characterize the Genomic imprint pattern.
In the exposed example, Males' chromosomes are inactive or imprinted and have a different function from those females' chromosomes.
This is a common pattern in some mammals, insects, and angiosperms. The paternal allele can not be expressed, which causes an unequal contribution to the phenotype of the progeny.
Available data:
Diallelic Gene: Wdir ⇒ controls the direction of the wingwdir wdir ⇒ backwardwdir-wdir- ⇒ forwardwdir wdir- ⇒ backward or forward1st cross:
Parentals) wdir wdir female (backward) x wdir- wdir- male (forward)
F1) 100% wdir wdir- (backward)
2nd cross:
Parentals) wdir wdir male (backward) x wdir- wdir- female (forward)
F1) 100% wdir wdir- (forward)
In both cases, the offspring is heterozygous for the trait but expresses the female's phenotype.
Only the maternal gene for wing direction is being expressed due to genomic imprinting that silences the paternal gene during gamete formation. Option D) is correct.
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You have stumbled on a new species of fly (order Diptera), and being a geneticist, you have already deritifled a few genes and observed an unusual phenotypic inheritance pattern.
You have noticed that some flies have wings pointing forward and other flies have wings pointing backward. Digging in a bit deeper, you discover that the gene wing direction (Wdir) will controls which direction the wings point, and that
if you cross homozygous backward-wing mother (wdir wdir) with a homozygous forward-wing father (wdir- wdir-), all of the offspring (wdir wdir-) have backward wings. if you perform the reciprocal cross, a homozygous forward-wing mother (wdir- wdir-) with a homozygous backward-wing father (wdir wdir), you observe that all of the offspring (wdir wdir-) have forward-facing wings.How would you account for this bizarre genotype phenotype relationship?
Multiple Choice
a) Wing direction exhibits codominance where both phenotypes are represented equally
b) The wdir gene is pleiotropic and affects multiple characteristics of the offspring causing the strange genotype phenotype relationship
c) Wings direction is affected by something in the environment and is therefore an epgenetic trail
d) Only the maternal gene for wing direction is being expressed due to genomic imprinting that silences the paternal gene during gamete formation
e) Wing direction is obeying Mendes tws of independent assortment and segregation, therefore there is a 50/50 chance that wings will taco forward or backward in each offspring.
Which is true about the elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis?
The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis depends on DNA polymerase: option A.
What is DNA synthesis?DNA synthesis is the process by which new DNA is made from template DNA.
During DNA synthesis, the enzyme DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to the leading DNA strand from the 3" end.
Note that the complete question is as follows:
Which is true about the elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis?
a. it depends on the dna polymerase actionb. it produces rna fragmentsc. it does not require a template strandIn conclusion, the elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis involves attachment of nucleotides at the 3" end.
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The fiqure skater was able to use the
strength of her arms to pull her spinning
mass inward. Using the skater as a model for
the forming solar system, what force does
her muscular strength represent?
The force that is shown by the muscular strength of the fiqure skater is the gravitational force.
What is the solar system?The solar system is composed of the sun and the planets. The sun is at the center of the solar system and it is surrounded by the planets. There are nine planets that surround the sun in the solar system and the planets move round the sun in concentric orbits.
We know that the solar system is held together by the gravitational force that acts between the sun and the planets. This is why the solar system is said to be heliocentric.
Coming back to our analogy in the question, the skater is being used as a model for understanding the solar system. Thus, the force that is shown by the muscular strength of the fiqure skater is the gravitational force.
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Which synapse(s) are specifically responsible for the sensitization of the withdrawal response?
Answer choices:
Sensory neuron to facilitating interneuron
Sensory neuron to excitatory interneuron
Facilitating interneuron to excitatory interneuron
Sensory neuron to inhibitory interneuron
Sensory neuron to motor neuron
Excitatory interneuron to motor neuron
The correct option is (e) sensory neuron to motor neuron, responsible for the sensitization of the withdrawal response.
The central nervous system receives the excitation from a sensory neuron that has been stimulated by its nociceptors. Notably, these fibres deliver excitement to the sensory neuron's cell body, which is located in the spinal cord's dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion transmits excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) to motor neurons and interneurons after receiving the action potential from these fibres.
By releasing neurotransmitters into the central nervous system, the sensory neuron does this. Excited somatic motor neurons contract and depolarize the targeted muscles to complete the withdrawal reflex. The motor neuron, which leaves the spinal cord and enters the peripheral nervous system, is where this depolarization travels.
Therefore, sensory neuron to motor neuron is responsible for the sensitization of the withdrawal response.
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Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around __________ mya.
Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around 25 mya.
Miocene apes and modern apesThe size of the hands is one way that Miocene primates and modern apes differ.The prehistoric primate genus Sivapithecus, which lived between 23.7 and 5.3 million years ago, is regarded to be the orangutan's closest living relative.Early in the Miocene, primitive catarrhines, apes, and Old World monkeys were confined to Africa, but by the middle and late Miocene, they had expanded to Eurasia as well. Close relatives of living lorises include Nycticeboides and Nycticebus.Proconsul africanus, a species of ape, flourished between 23 and 14 million years ago during the Miocene epoch. It ate fruit, but probably not as much fruit as an ape does now, and had a brain that was larger than a monkey's.
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Consider the table below that summarizes the types of materials that can block the 3 different types of radiation.
Material
1
2
3
Lead Stopped Stopped Stopped
Cloth Not stopped Stopped Stopped
Aluminum foil Not stopped Stopped Stopped
Wood Not stopped Stopped Stopped
Paper Not stopped Stopped Not stopped
Thick concrete Stopped Stopped Stopped
Based on the table, at which numbered spot in the table does each type of radiation belong?
1 = beta; 2 = alpha, 3 = gamma
1 = alpha; 2 = beta, 3 = gamma
1 = beta; 2 = gamma, 3 = alpha
From the table, we can see that; 1 = beta; 2 = alpha, 3 = gamma. Option A
What is radiation?Radiation is a form of energy that can not be seen. We know that beta radiation can be stopped by such things as a piece of cloth while alpha particles can be stopped by an aluminums foil. Also, gamma rays can only be stopped by thick concrete or lead.
Hence; we can conclude that; 1 = beta; 2 = alpha, 3 = gamma. Option A.
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______ is when multiple species use the same resource in different ways or at different times.
Inter-species competition is when multiple species use the same resource in different ways or at different times.
When two species can not exist at indefinite at same niches. The multiple species are use the same resources in a different ways or different time. After primary succession has occurred then species is the first to colonize the area.
When organisms of two same species use the limited resources and have a negative impact on each other,then it is known as competition.There are some examples or species which compete for resources such as sharks, dolphins,seabirds ,etc they all are same type of fish in ocean ecosystem.
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The fluid that enters vertebrate nephrons is called the filtrate. What is the source of the filtrate
the source of the filtrate is Loop of Henle.
The Henle loop is surrounded by tissue fluid with a high ion concentration. Osmosis causes water to move out of the descending limb. As a result of the more concentrated filtrate, ions move out of the loop in the thin ascending limb.
The nephron consists of a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries called the glomerulus. Using hydrostatic pressure, plasma is forced through the walls of the glomerulus, becoming filtrate as it crosses, and then collecting within Bowman's capsule. The fluid that enters vertebrate nephrons is called the filtrate.
Which part of the nephron is called the loop of Henle?A million nephrons are the filtering units of the human kidney, which is a complex and highly vascular organ. Each filters water and solutes from the blood that flows through it into the surrounding space and is the cavity between the cup's walls. The other part resembles a U-shaped loop that transports the filtered fluid deep into the medulla.
Functions of NephronThe primary function of the Nephron is to flush out waste products from the blood, which include solid waste and other excesses. This blood is transformed into urine through secretion and excretion.
The nephron, a basic structural unit of the kidney, is a microscopic structure composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
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The Linnaean suborder prosimians includes Group of answer choices diurnal and nocturnal lemurs. diurnal and nocturnal galagos. only diurnal species. only nocturnal species.
Lemurs are prosimians and some of them are nocturnal while others are diurnal.
Prosimians
Prosimians are primates that include lemurs, lorisoids, galagos, etc. They are considered less developed compared to primates such as humans, apes, and monkeys. The advanced primates are called simians. They are mostly nocturnal but some are diurnal. They are mostly tree-dwellers and have a keen sense of smell. Their sense of smell is greater than their sense of vision. They have long snouts and moist noses.
Lemurs
Lemurs belong to the prosimians and they have a large diversity of diurnal and nocturnal. Some others are cathemeral as they can stay active both day and night. The cathemeral lemurs can show variation as the season changes. As such changes are often affected by the availability of food and the weather.
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Using an example, describe how each of the five levels of organization relates to the next level of organization
An example of how the five levels of organization relates with one another is as follows: hepatic cell forms hepatic tissues, which forms liver, which makes up the digestive system.
What is the level of organization in biology?A reductionistic biological organization known as level of organization involves a hierarchy of intricate biological processes and structures that characterize life.
The level of organization of life are arranged hierarchically from simplest to the most complex as follows;
Cell; the simplest chamber in a tissue or organism that possess specific functionsTissue; a group of cells similar in origin that function together to do a specific jobOrgan; a group of tissues performing similar functionOrgan system; a group of organs performing similar functionOrganismHere is an illustration of how the five organizational levels relate to one another: The digestive system is made up of the liver, which is made of hepatic cells.
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Which of these is a drawback of hydraulic fracturing?
A. Higher risk of mine shaft collapse
B. Higher risk of acid rain damage
C. Higher risk of earthquakes
D. Higher risk of oil spills
ITS C.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The ability of lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as not foreign is called:
Answer:
Immune tolerance
Explanation:
What is the purpose of obtaining a 12-lead ecg early during the post-cardiac arrest?
During cardiac arrest the AHA direct healthcare providers obtain 12-leads ECG immediately after the return of spontaneous circulation to identify those patients with ST- segment myocardial infarction or new or presumably new bundle branch block.
12-leas electrocardiography use which perform to diagnose ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. It is a medical test that recorded using leads or nodes which attached to the body. Vasopressin should be effective in patients of cardiac arrest after the treatment.
ECGs captured the electrical activity of heart and transfer it to graphed paper. Use to diagnose cardiovascular disease ,acute myocardial infarction in clinics and hospital based practice.
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Which type of rock forms due to the weight of the overlaying rocks? (ASAP!!)
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
Answer: Sedimentary
Explanation: As a result of which the sediments are accumulated over one another, forming layers. These sediments over a due course of time undergoes compaction and solidification due to the weight of the overlying rocks
________is when the kidneys produce too much hydrogen or retain too much hydrogen which leads to an increase in carbonic acid production. Or the kidneys excrete too much base
Metabolic acidosis is when the kidneys produce too much hydrogen or retain too much hydrogen which leads to an increase in carbonic acid production. Or the kidneys excrete too much base.
What is metabolic acidosis?The primary function of the kidney is to purge toxins from the blood and convert waste products into urine. Around 160 grams of weight and one to one and a half litres of urine are excreted daily by each kidney.When the kidneys do not properly eliminate acids from the blood into the urine, renal tubular acidosis (RTA) ensues. The result is an excessively high blood acid level, or acidosis. While having some blood acid is natural, having too much acid can cause numerous biological functions to become unbalanced.When there is too much acid in the body's fluids, it is called acidosis.When your kidneys and lungs are unable to maintain a healthy pH level in your body, acidosis results. Acid is created by numerous bodily activities.Learn more about kidney here:
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In fibrous joints, the articulating surfaces are held together by
Answer:
Explanation:
The articulating surfaces of fibrous joints are kept together by thick regular connective tissue.
If more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is surrounded by a(n) ______ solution
If more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution.
What is a hypotonic solution?A hypotonic solution can be defined as any solution or media where the content of solute (eg., glucose molecules, saccharose, etc) is lower than the solute concentration in the cell.
Conversely, a hypertonic solution can be defined as any solution or media where the content of solute is higher than the solute concentration in the cell.
In conclusion, if more water is entering a human red blood cell than exiting it, then the cell is surrounded by a hypotonic solution.
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