Types of crystalline solids characterized by;
(a) high mobility of electrons throughout the solid; metallic solids.
(b) softness, relatively low melting point; covalent network solid.
(c) high melting point and poor electrical conductivity; ionic solids.
(d) network of covalent bonds; molecular solids.
What are the types of crystalline solids?Crystalline solids are those that have their atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a regular, well-defined pattern. The unit cell is the smallest repeating pattern of crystalline solids, and unit cells are similar to bricks in a wall in that they are all identical and repeating.
Ionic solids, molecular solids, network covalent solids, and metallic solids are the four types of crystalline solids. A covalent network solid is a type of solid that has a low melting point, softness, and low electrical conduction. Metal cations are surrounded by a "sea" of mobile valence electrons in metallic crystals.
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Two spherical objects have masses of 8,000 kg and 5.0 kg. Their centers are separated by a distance of 1.5 m. Find the gravitational attraction between them.
The gravitational force of attraction between the two objects would be 1.1858 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex] Newton.
Gravitational forceThe gravitational force of attraction between two objects of mass m1 and m2 is proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects.
This is mathematically expressed as follows:
Gravitational force (F) = [tex]Gm_1m_2/d^2[/tex]
Where G is the universal gravitational constant and d is the distance separating the two masses.
In this case:
m1 = 8,000 kg
m2 = 5.0 kg
G = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11[/tex] N m2 / kg2
d = 1.5 m
F = 6.67 x [tex]10^{-11[/tex] x 8,000 x 0.5/1.5 x 1.5
= 26680 x [tex]10^{-11[/tex]/2.25
= 11857.77 x [tex]10^{-11[/tex]
= 1.1858 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex] Newton
In other words, two spherical objects of masses 8,000 kg and 5.0 kg separated by a distance of 1.5 would have a gravitational force of attraction of 1.1858 x [tex]10^{-6[/tex] Newton between them.
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Place the following in order of increasing magnitude of lattice energy:
K2O Rb2S Li2O
least lattice energy < --- --- ---> most lattice energy
I am really struggling with how to calculate lattice energy. So if you could, please explain how you got the answer and how that method could be generalized to other similar questions. I realize it has something to do with the charge product between the elements in the molecule, and secondary to that is the atomic radius... it's just not clicking for me to do on the fly.
Li2O > K2O > Rb2S is the order of given compounds lattice energy in the increasing order
Lattice energy is a measure of the strength of the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged cations and negatively charged anions in an ionic compound. The greater the lattice energy, the stronger the electrostatic attraction and the more stable the compound.The most common method for determining lattice energy is the Born-Haber cycle. This method uses thermochemical data of the individual steps in the formation of an ionic compound to calculate the lattice energy. However, it is often impractical to use this method in a test environment, so a more practical method that is used to compare lattice energies of different compounds is the use of the Coulomb's law which relates the lattice energy to the charge product of the cations and anions and the distance between them.
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Show all your work and make sure to label all the numbers with the correct units if you do, I will give you brainliest, 5 stars, and a thank you:
A: A sample of sulfuric acid has a mass of 15.0 g. How many molecules are in this sample?
B: How many moles of sulfuric acid are present in 45 g of this sample?
C: How much would a .750 mole sample of Ammonium sulfate weigh?
D: What is the mass percent of hydrogen in this sample?
How many grams are in 2.5 moles of KCl
Answer:
186.25
Explanation:
KCL= 74.5 (molar mass)
2.5*74.5= 186.25
which of the following is a testable hypotheses?
O A. if I brush my teeth, I will get fewer cavities than if i don’t brush my teeth.
O B. it’s wrong not to brush your teeth before you have an important conversation with someone.
O C. Green toothpaste taste better than blue toothpaste or red toothpaste.
O D. smart, careful, healthy people always brush their teeth.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
because its the only one that can be tested
A solution is created by dissolving 12.0 grams of ammonium chloride in enough water to make 255 mL of solution. How many moles of ammonium chloride are present in the resulting solution
The number of moles of ammonium chloride present in a solution created by dissolving 12 grams of ammonium chloride in water to make 255 ml solution is 0.224 mol.
The number of moles of a substance is defined as the ratio of the mass of the substance to the molar mass of the substance. It is denoted by "n". It is given as
n=mass/molar mass
Given,
mass of ammonium chloride= 12 grams
we know that,
atomic mass of Nitrogen(N) = 14g /mol
atomic mass of Hydrogen (H) = 1 g/mol
atomic mass of Chlorine (Cl)= 35.5 g/mol
molar mass of ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)
= ( 14+ 1×4 + 35.5) g/mol
=53.5 g/mol
therefore,
number of moles of ammonium chloride
= mass/molar mass
=12g/53.5gmol⁻¹
=0.224 mol
Thus, 0.224 moles of ammonium chloride are present in the resulting solution.
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if 87 grams of K2SO4 (molar mass 174 grams) is dissolved in enough water to make 250 milliliters of solution, what are the concentrations of the potassium and the sulfate ions ?
[K+ ] [SO4^2]
A. 0.020 M 0.020 M
B. 1.0 M 2.0 M
C. 2.0 M 1.0 M
D. 2.0 M 2.0 M
E. 4.0 M 2.0 M
If 87 grams of K₂SO₄ is dissolved in enough water to make 250 milliliters of solution, the concentrations of the potassium [K⁺] is 4 M and the sulfate ions [SO₄²⁻] is 2 M.
The molar mass of the K₂SO₄ = 174 g/mol
The mass of the K₂SO₄ = 87 g
the moles of the K₂SO₄ = 87 / 174
= 0.50 mol
moles of K⁺ = 0.50 × 2
= 1 mol
moles of SO₄²⁻ = 0.50 × 1
= 0.50
The concentration of [K⁺] = 1 / 0.250 = 4 M
The concentration of [SO₄²⁻] = 0.50 / 0.250 = 2 M
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A vitamin supplement was found to weigh 900 mg. It contained 50. 51% fluorine, and the remaining amount was iron. What mass of each element could be recovered from this vitamin?
A vitamin supplement is a dietary supplement containing one or more essential vitamins, typically in the form of a pill, capsule, or tablet.
What are Vitamins?
Vitamins are a group of organic compounds that are essential for normal cellular functioning. They are required for a wide range of bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth, development, and immunity. They can be found naturally in food sources or taken as dietary supplements. There are 13 essential vitamins, including vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the B vitamins.
The mass of fluorine that can be recovered from the vitamin is 455.9 mg (50.51% of 900 mg). The mass of iron that can be recovered from the vitamin is 444.1 mg (the remaining amount of 900 mg).
To calculate this, we need to use the percent composition formula:
Mass of Element = (Percent Composition/100) x Total Mass
Mass of Fluorine = (50.51/100) x 900 mg = 455.9 mg
Mass of Iron = (100 - 50.51)/100 x 900 mg = 444.1 mg.
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SnO2 (s) + 2 H2 (g) → Sn (s) + 2 H2O (l)
What mass of water is produced when 57.6g of SnO2 are consumed in the reaction above?
Answer:
SnO2+2H2 - Sn +2H2O
50g of tin plus 32g of oxygen-36g of H2O
82g- 36g
57.6g- x
cross multiply
82xg= 2073.6g
xg = 2073.6/82
Xg= 25.28g
Therefore the mass of water consumed in the reaction is 25.28g
Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide?
A) 1, 2, and 11
B) 3, 7, and 8
C) 5, 9, and 10
D) 11, 12, and 13
E) 12, 14, and 15
In order to produce a nucleotide, the combinations 11, 12, and 13 may be combined.
The definition and purpose of a nucleotideThe basic unit of DNA and RNA are nucleotides. Genetic material is present in them. Since many biological reactions involving enzymes require coenzymes, nucleotides serve in this capacity. ATP serves as the body's energy storage system.
How does DNA get made up of nucleotides?A phosphodiester bond forms when the 5' phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3'-OH group of another nucleotide come together during the incorporation of nucleotides into DNA (see below). Phosphate-sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate forms the "backbone" of each DNA strand in this way.
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If the gauge pressure is 35.0 psi, and we assume the atmospheric pressure surrounding the tire is 1.00 atm, what is the total pressure of the gas in the tire
Pg denotes gauge pressure, which is related to absolute pressure as follows: Pa is the local atmospheric pressure, and pg is equal to p - pa.
An automobile tire gauge, for instance, reads 32.0 psi. 14.2 psi is the atmospheric pressure in the area. The gauge pressure equation states that gauge pressure equals the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure: P G = P P A, or PG=PPA. A tire pressure gauge, for example, monitors the pressure in the tire above ambient pressure. Gauge pressure is the pressure in particular items. Thus, gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure add up to the total pressure, or absolute pressure: Pabs=Pg+Patm Pabs is the absolute pressure, Pg is the gauge pressure, and Patm is the atmospheric pressure. P abs = P g + P atm
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A(n) ____________________ has more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions and has a pH ____________________ 7.
An acidic solution has a pH over 7 and contains more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions. Any aqueous solution with a pH lower than 7.0 ([H+] more than 1.0 x 10-7M) is said to be acidic.
A acidic solution that uses water as its solvent is said to be aqueous. Acidic solutions are sour in contrast to alkaline solutions, yet it's never a good idea to taste an unidentified solution. Any solution that contains more hydrogen ions per volume of solution than water is an acidic solution; contrasted with acidic solutions are basic or alkaline solutions. Atomic number 1 and the letter H stand for the chemical element hydrogen. The element hydrogen is the lightest.
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does calcium oxide reacts with carbon monoxide
Yes, calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with carbon monoxide (CO) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and oxygen gas (O2). The reaction can be represented by the following equation:
CaO + CO -> CaCO3 + O2
This reaction is an example of a chemical change, as it results in the formation of a new substance with different chemical properties. The reaction is also exothermic, meaning that it releases heat.
Calcium oxide is a white solid that is used in a variety of applications, including cement production and the purification of flue gases. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is toxic to humans when inhaled. It is produced as a byproduct of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
Hope This Helps You!
PbO + NaOH →→
complete and balance the following formula
Answer:
Explanation:
Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH → Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH
The balanced equation would be PbO + 2NaOH → Pb(OH)2 + Na2O
The reactant PbO is a lead oxide which is an acidic oxide, it reacts with NaOH, a strong base, to form Pb(OH)2, a lead hydroxide, which is a salt of lead, and Na2O which is sodium oxide , a base.
Diatomic elements are important. what makes them different from other elemental substances?
Diatomic elements are elements that exist as molecules composed of two atoms of the same element.
What is Diatomic?Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms, such as Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), and Fluorine (F2). Diatomic molecules are the most common type of molecules in nature and are found in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas). Diatomic molecules contain only two atoms and do not contain any other elements or molecules.
This is in contrast to other elemental substances, which exist as individual atoms or molecules composed of different elements. Diatomic elements have unique chemical and physical properties due to the strong bond between the two atoms.
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An ice cube with a volume of 45. 0ml and a density of 0. 9000g/cm3 floats in a liquid with a density of 1. 36g/ml. What volume of the cube is submerged in the liquid
The volume of the cube that is submerged in the liquid would be 36.0 ml.
What is submerged?Submerged refers to something that is completely covered or surrounded by a liquid, usually water. Submerged objects are often completely or partially underwater, and can refer to anything from a submerged shipwreck to a submerged rock formation. Submerged objects can also refer to objects that are partially or totally surrounded by the water or liquid, such as a submerged tree or submerged vegetation. Submerging can also refer to objects that are pushed underwater or forced down due to pressure, such as a submarine. Submerging can also refer to a process in which an object is submerged and then brought back up, such as in underwater welding or archaeological excavations.
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2 points of the water molecule are the paired ______ and _______ electrons from the oxygen atom and ________ electron from each H atom
The other 2 points of the water molecule are the paired _________ electrons of the oxygen atom.
I get what the question is asking and I know general idea of the answer. I just can't for the life of me figure out what exact wording I am supposed to use that will fit these blanks
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to chemical Compound. Therefore, The other 2 points of the water molecule are the paired two electrons from the oxygen atom and one electron from each H atom.
What is chemical Compound?Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.
There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. The other 2 points of the water molecule are the paired two electrons from the oxygen atom and one electron from each H atom.
Therefore, The other 2 points of the water molecule are the paired two electrons from the oxygen atom and one electron from each H atom.
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HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
A student had two dilute, colorless solutions, HCl(aq) and NaOH(aq), which were at the same temperature. The student combined the solutions, and the reaction represented above occurred. Which of the following results would be evidence that a chemical reaction took place?
'The temperature of the reaction mixture increases' would be evidence that a chemical reaction took place.
What is a dilute solution?
A dilute solution is a solution that contains fewer solute particles than a more concentrated solution. Dilute solutions are generally less concentrated than more concentrated solutions and are often made by adding more solvent to the solution.
When a chemical reaction takes place, energy is released in the form of heat. This increase in temperature is basically known as an exothermic reaction. An increase in temperature is a sign that a chemical reaction has taken place, as the reaction mixture is absorbing the energy released from the reaction.
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A student generates a plot of ln(k) vs ln[OH-].
The result yields a straight line with the equation: y = 1.18x + -3.80
According to this data, what is the order of the reaction in OH-, to the nearest whole number?
The order of the reaction is First Order with respect to the hydroxide ion (OH-) can be determined by examining the slope of the line generated in the plot of ln(k) vs ln[OH-]. In this case,
the slope of the line is 1.18, which indicates that the reaction is first-order with respect to OH-. The order of a chemical reaction refers to the power to which the concentration order of a reactant is raised in the rate equation. The rate of a reaction is typically described by the rate equation, which is a mathematical expression that relates the rate of the reaction to the concentrations of the reactants. The order of a reaction is determined experimentally by measuring the rate of the reaction at different concentrations of the reactants and fitting the data to a rate equation.
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PLS HELP ASAP PLSSSS
what is the likely composition of the indicator solution when the intermediate or transistion color is observed in step 6
A blend of dyes called a universal indicator gradually changes color throughout a pH range of 4 to 14. The color serves as a direct indicator of pH.
Thymol blue, methyl red, bromothymol blue, and phenolphthalein are the primary ingredients of a universal indicator in the form of a solution. Colors ranging from yellow to red denote an acidic solution, whereas colors ranging from blue to violet denote an alkaline solution and green denotes a neutral solution. Substances called indicators are those whose solutions change color as the pH changes. We refer to these as acid-base indicators. The conjugate base or acid versions of these typically weak acids or bases have various hues because of variations in their absorption spectra.
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In an experiment, a student places a small piece of pure Mg(s) into a beaker containing 250. mL of 6.44 M HCL(aq). A reaction occurs, as represented by the equation above
Answer:
The net ionic equation of the given reaction is:
Mg (s) + 2 H⁺ (aq) → Mg²⁺ (s) + H2 (g)
Explanation:
When magnesium metal (Mg) is treated with hydrochloric acid (HCl), then it displaces the hydrogen gas from the acid
.- Magnesium gets attached with the chlorine and hydrogen gas is evolved as a product in the reaction.
- We have not mentioned chlorine in the reaction as it is not undergoing any change during the reaction.
The following reaction occurred when a strip of aluminum was placed in a nickel solution. Which half-reaction represents the oxidation that has occurred in the reaction?
The reaction that shows oxidation is the one that has been shown in option D.
What is oxidation?We have to know that the process that we call oxidation would have to do with the loss of the electrons that we have in a system. If we are dealing with a neutral atom that has been oxidized then we would see an increase in the oxidation number of the atom. This same effect would be seen if we are looking at the oxidation of any other chemical specie that is under consideration.
Ni lost and electronNi^2+ was formedA total of two electrons were lost in the process.We need to look at the reactions that have been shown in the options that we have and then compare it with the overall redox reaction equation that we see at it has been shown in the reaction that has been attached to the question that we have in the attachment that is shown above here.
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if you start with 5.5 grams of sodium fluoride how many grams of magnesium fluoride will be produced
From 5.5 grammes of sodium fluoride, 4.1 grammes of magnesium fluoride will be created. The inorganic substance MgF2 stands for magnesium fluoride.
It naturally occurs as the rare mineral sellaite and is a white crystalline salt that is transparent over a broad range of wavelengths and has commercial use in optics used in space telescopes. With the formula NaF, sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic substance. It is utilised in minute quantities in toothpaste, metallurgy, and as a flux in addition to fluoridating drinking water. It is a white or colourless substance that easily dissolves in water. Pharmaceutical manufacturers frequently use it as a source of fluoride. Mass in grammes is equal to 0.06548 times 62.301 grammes of MgF2.
= 0.06548 /62.301 = 4.1grams
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What happens to the reactivity when we move from left to right in the periodic table?
The metallic qualities drop and the non-metal characteristics rise as we progress from left to right, which results in a decrease inside the reactivity of such elements.
Metal reactivity is influenced by their propensity to lose electrons. The valence electrons could be simply eliminated as the atomic size grows, resulting in the formation of positive ions. As we proceed down the periodic table, the atomic size of metals gets bigger. The propensity to acquire electrons determines how reactive non-metals are.
Metal fosters strong down groups and declines across intervals from left to right. Indicators of nonmetallic properties rise from left to right and fall down groupings. Nonmetal reactivity goes up groups as well as down groups, increasing from left to right.
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what are the two quantities in this module for which we will develop unit factors to do dimensional analysis with chemical substances?
The two quantities in this module for which we will develop unit factors to do dimensional analysis with chemical substances are mass (usually measured in grams) and volume (usually measured in liters).
Developing Unit Factors for Mass and Volume in Chemical SubstancesUnit factors are developed to convert between two different units of measurement, in this case, mass and volume. We can do this by multiplying the given value by the appropriate unit factor to convert the given value from one unit to the other. For example, if we are given a mass of 10 grams, we can convert this to liters using the unit factor 1 gram = 1 liter. Thus, 10 grams = 10 liters.
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After watching the 2nd video, select the correct results to fill in the chart below:
what am I doing wrong
KI - Ionic compound, KCl -Ionic compound,
C₆H₁₂O₆ - Covalent compound, C₆H₄Cl₂ - Covalent compound,
KNO₃ - Ionic compound, C₆H₅COOH - Covalent compound
CH₃COOH - Covalent compound, Paraffin wax - Covalent compound
HCl - Covalent compound
What are ionic and covalent compounds?Ionic compounds are formed from the interaction between cation ions and anions. A cation of an atom can be described as an electropositive ion and can donate valence electrons. Similarly, anions of an atom are electronegative ions and can accept electrons.
In an ionic compound, there is a complete transfer of electrons in the formation of an ionic bond, therefore, there exists an electrostatic force of attraction between the ions that forms a strong bond.
In a covalent compound, there is the mutual sharing of electrons in the covalent bonds. The shared electrons are hard to give away as nuclei of two atoms together share the electrons and create a bond stronger.
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which would behave the least like an ideal gas at room temperature
A Carbon dioxide
B helium
C hydrogen
D nitrogen
The least like an ideal gas at room temperature is Helium.
What is Helium?Helium (He), chemical element, inert gas of Group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. The second lightest element (only hydrogen is lighter), helium is a colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas that becomes liquid at −268.9 °C (−452 °F). The boiling and freezing points of helium are lower than those of any other known substance. Helium is the only element that cannot be solidified by sufficient cooling at normal atmospheric pressure; it is necessary to apply pressure of 25 atmospheres at a temperature of 1 K (−272 °C, or −458 °F) to convert it to its solid form.Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2.
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PLEASE HELP : A dead alkaline battery is found to contain a compound of manganese and oxygen. Its percentage composition is 70. 0% Mn and 30. 0% O. What is the empirical formula of this substance?
The empirical formula of the compound is MnO2.
The empirical formula of a substance is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound. To find the empirical formula of a compound, you first need to determine the number of moles of each element present in the compound.
Given that the percent composition of the compound is 70% Mn and 30% O, we can assume that 100g of the compound contains 70g Mn and 30g O.
To convert mass to moles, we need to know the molar mass of each element. The molar mass of Mn is 54.9380 g/mol, and the molar mass of O is 16.00 g/mol.
So, we have:
70g Mn / 54.9380 g/mol = 1.27 moles Mn30g O / 16.00 g/mol = 1.87 moles OThe simplest whole number ratio of Mn and O that gives 1.27 moles Mn and 1.87 moles O is 1:2.
Therefore, the empirical formula of the compound is MnO2.
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aseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. Calculate the moles of ammonia needed to produce 1.3 mole of water
The moles of ammonia needed to produce 1.3 mole of water is 0.84 mol.
balance chemical equation for the reaction
[tex]4NH_{3}+5O_{2}- > 4NO +6H_{2}O[/tex]
In chemistry, stoichiometry is the measurement of the ratios in which different substances or elements interact. The laws of conservation of mass, energy, and weights or volumes serve as the foundation for the rules used to determine stoichiometric relationships.
stoichiometric moles of ammonia reacting = [tex]\frac{moles}{stoichiometry}[/tex]
stoichiometric moles of water reacting = [tex]\frac{1.3}{6} =0.21[/tex]
0.21 stoichiometric moles of water is given by 0.21 stoichiometric moles of water
so moles of ammonia will form = stoichiometric moles * stoichiometry
moles of ammonia will form = 0.21 * 4 = 0.84 mol
so moles of ammonia produced by reaction = 0.84 mol
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