Why do different methods of time collection devices (e.g., time cards, biometric devices) exist among companies

The marginal productivity of the first hour of studying is 15%.

Formula for Marginal Productivity = (Qn – Qn-1) / (Ln – Ln-1)

The total product value is divided by the difference in labor to determine the marginal product of labor.

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Time value of money is not comparable to a dollar paid (or received) today is a dollar paid (or received) in the future.

As "the value derived from the use of money over time as a result of investment and reinvestment," time value of money is defined. The phrase "worth of a rupee obtained today is different from the worth of rupee to be received in future" refers to the time value of money.

According to the time value of money (TVM) theory, money that is available now is worth more than the same amount in the future because of its potential for growth. This fundamental tenet of finance states that, as long as money can accrue interest, it is always more valuable to obtain money as quickly as possible.

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When making decisions about what safety systems should be required in cars or airplanes, the Environmental Protection Agency will only approve rules where the estimated cost per life saved is $3 million or less.

Environmental protection issues are handled by the Environmental Protection Agency, an autonomous executive agency of the US federal government.

Main function of Environmental Protection Agency are-

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When an appraiser relies on comparable properties to estimate a property's adjusted market price, the appraiser is using the sales comparison approach.

Corresponds to a method used for market price comparison, being more used in the real estate sector, where a price comparison of properties in certain areas is carried out, to establish a price compatible with the local market.

The sales comparison helps in a greater understanding and strategic vision of the market, being in the real estate market, for example, an instrument that allows a more accurate comparison, such as:

Therefore, this technique is positive for strategic decision-making purposes, defining competitive and favorable conditions for the definition of competitive prices for a given market with specific characteristics.

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Funds that are identified for specific work packages and cover risks that have a low probability of occurring are called Contingency reserves.

A contingency reserve is retained earnings that have been set aside to guard against possible future losses. A contingency reserve is needed in situations where a business occasionally suffers significant losses, and needs reserves to offset those losses.

In other word, Contingency reserve is defined as an amount set aside to cater for unforeseen circumstances by a firm. It is a surplus amount taken from profit of an organization. Here, certain funds are earmarked out of the profit made by a firm, indicating a reservation against a specific or general contingency.

Hence, funds that are for identified risks that have a low probability of occurring and that decrease as the project progresses are called contingency reserves.

Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is A.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:

Funds that are for identified for specific work packages and cover risks that have a low probability of occurring and that decrease as the project progresses are called ______ reserves.

A. Contingency

B. Management

C. Unidentified Risk

D. Just in Case

E. Padded

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A bond's stated interest rate is 6%.

The said annual interest fee, occasionally called SAR, is the go back on an investment (ROI) this is expressed as in keeping with-12 months percent. it's far an easy hobby charge calculation that does not account for any compounding that happens for the duration of the year.

The powerful interest price is calculated thru a simple formulation: r = (1 + i/n)^n - 1. in this system, r represents the powerful interest rate, I represent the stated hobby fee, and n represents the range of compounding durations per 12 months.

The nominal hobby rate is the said hobby rate of a bond or loan, which signifies the actual economic price borrowers pay lenders to use their money. If the nominal price on a loan is five%, debtors can count on paying $5 for a hobby for every $a hundred loaned to them.

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Larry purchased a Leisure Lawnmower because the company salesperson intentionally misled him by assuring him that the mower was self-propelled, had a mulching feature, and had a five-year unlimited manufacturer's warranty. When Fred finds out that his new Leisure Lawnmower is not self-propelled, does not mulch, and has a 90-day warranty, he may successfully sue for restitution and possibly punitive damages. Option B. This is further explained below.

Generally, Larry fell for the purposeful deception perpetrated by a salesman for Leisure Lawnmower, who assured him that the mower was self-propelled, had a mulching function, and had a five-year unlimited manufacturer's guarantee. As a result of this, Larry bought a Leisure Lawnmower. When Fred discovers that his brand new Leisure Lawnmower does not have self-propulsion, does not mulch, and only has a 90-day guarantee, he has a good chance of winning a lawsuit against the manufacturer for compensation and perhaps punitive penalties.

In conclusion, From the Longman Business Dictionarylawsuit an accusation, claim, or complaint against someone that is brought in a court of law by a private individual or firm, as opposed to being made by the police or the state lawsuit against local citizens filed a private lawsuit against the City over water pollution.

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Nomothetic perspective

A nomothetic approach aims to generate broad generalizations that take into consideration more extensive societal trends, which define the context of particular events, individual behaviors, and experience.

When doing nomothetic research, sociologists are likely to use big survey data sets or other types of statistical data, as well as quantitative statistical analysis.

I understand the question you are looking for is this:

Some consumer researchers focus on one specific trait, such as conscientiousness, that exists across a number of consumers, to predict the adoption rate of new products. This is an application of which of the following approaches to studying consumer traits?

a. Idiographic perspective

b. Nomothetic perspective

c. Nominal perspective

d. Cognitive perspective

e. Ethical perspective

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The country that contributes the least amount of aid to foreign nations and multinational organizations based on its GNI is the B. United States.

The U.S. is perhaps the largest donor to international organizations and foreign nations with billions going to other nations annually.

The percentage that is given as aid is however a small amount of U.S. national income thanks to the staggering amount earned by Americans in a year.

Options for this question include:

A. United Kingdom

B. United States

C. Germany

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If buyers cannot observe the quality of a car before buying it, they will be willing to pay Less than $10,000 for a car. Thus, the sellers of high-value cars will not be willing to sell their cars. The result of this information asymmetry will be that there are no high-value cars in the market , a problem known as Adverse Selection.

Adverse selection refers generally to a situation in which sellers have information that buyers do not have, or vice versa, about some aspect of product quality. In other words, it is a case where asymmetric information is exploited. Asymmetric information, also called information failure, happens when one party to a transaction has greater material knowledge than the other party.

Adverse selection happens when there are two or more parties and one of them has more information than the other.

Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is C.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was:

Suppose that there are two types of cars: high value (which are worth $10,000 to buyers) and low value (which are worth $5,000 to buyers). If buyers cannot observe the quality of a car before buying it, they will be willing to pay ______ for a car. Thus, the sellers of high-value cars _____ be willing to sell their cars. The result of this information asymmetry will be that there are ____________, a problem known as adverse selection.

A. Less than $10,000 / will / no high-value cars in the market

B. More than $10,000 / will / no high-value cars in the market

C. Less than $10,000 / will not / no high-value cars in the market

D. More than $10,000 / will not / no low-value cars in the market

E. Less than $10,000 / will not / no low-value cars in the market

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Because of the perceived downward sloping nature of a monopolist’s demand curve, the monopolist will charge a relatively low price at a high level of output.

Demand curve can be defined as a curve that help to show the relationship between the quantity of a product that is demanded and the price of the product at a specific period of time.

Hence, , the monopolist will charge a relatively low price at a high level of output based on the fact that in a situation where monopolist increases its output, he will tend to get a price.

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Answer:

the price of the.

Explanation:

the amount of another good a person is willing to give up to get one more taco. the amount of another good a person must give up to get one more taco

For a typical capital investment project, the bulk of the investment-related cash outflow occurs during the initiation stage of the project.

A capital investment project is a long-term capital-intensive investment project with a purpose to build upon, or improve a capital asset. Capital projects acquire large scale and large cost. In the capital project, cash outflow occurs during the initiation stage of the project.

During the initiation stage of a capital project, the total cost is estimated which would execute the project and based on that estimation the cash outflow occurs.

Capital investment is the acquisition of physical assets by a company to expand its business goals and objectives. Machinery, real estate, and manufacturing plants, are capital investments assets which are purchased.

Hence, capital investment occurs during the initiation stage of the project.

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The correct option for The margin of safety as a percentage of sales is closest to C. 26%

margin of safety = ( current sales - break-even sales ) / Current sales

                           = ( 14,000 × $290 ) - ( 10,360 × $290 ) / ( 14,000 × $290 )

                           = $1, 055, 600 / $4, 060, 000

                           = 26%

∴ margin of safety = 26%

The margin of safety is a precept of making an investment in which an investor only purchases securities whilst their market rate is significantly below their intrinsic value.

In other phrases, when the marketplace price of protection is appreciably under your estimation of its intrinsic cost, the distinction is the margin of safety.

The margin of safety is the distinction between the quantity of predicted profitability and the break-even point. The margin of the safety system is the same as modern sales minus the breakeven factor, divided by way of modern sales.

Your Question is Incomplete. Please read below for the missing content.

Mcmurtry Corporation sells a product for $290 per unit. The product's current sales are 14,000 units and its break-even sales are 10,360 units. The margin of safety as a percentage of sales is closest to:

A. 74%

B. 65%

C. 26%

D. 35%

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The initial margin required for futures trading must be put up by both the buyer and the seller.

Futures contract is a standardized agreement between a buyer and a seller where there is an agreement to exchange a good at some point in the future. The buyer has a long position in the futures contract while the seller has a short position in the contract.  

Futures trading is the trading of a futures contract. Futures trading usually occurs on an exchange. The initial margin is the amount of money needed the exchange to initiate a futures position between a buyer and seller.

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The debit to work in process for materials used for production is recorded in the cost of direct materials.

A work in process is the partially unfinished goods waiting for their completion which usually includes overheads , labour work and raw materials used in the procedure.

The cost are then transfer to finish good account with the sales of production held in the inventory for the anticipation of the future sales.

For direct materials, debit side of the process inventory account and for the raw materials credit side of the management is used. Assume and assign the raw material, production equipments , expenditures which will be the work in process.

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The multiplier influences the degree to which the GDP changes if there is a change in the rate of return on a firm's potential project or the real interest rate.

In phrases of gross home product, the multiplier effect reasons gains in general output to be greater than the change in spending that brought about it. The term multiplier is usually used in connection with the connection between government spending and overall countrywide income.

The multiplier impact refers back to the effect on national income and the made of an exogenous growth in call for. as an example, think that investment call for increases with the aid of one. Corporations then produce to fulfill this call for. That the national product has improved manner that the national earnings has multiplied.

An effect in economics is while an increase in spending produces an growth in national earnings and consumption greater than the preliminary amount spent.

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The total of the balances in the creditors accounts should agree with the balance of, "the Accounts Payable account in the general ledger."

We balance the accounts payable in the general ledger because it serves as a check to ensure that for every transaction, a debit recorded in one ledger account has been matched with a credit in another. If there is a  double entry, the total of the debit balances should always equal the total of the credit balances.

Hence, the purpose of the accounts payable ledger and its subsidiary accounts is to display a company's debt to each of its suppliers, creditors, or vendors in a spreadsheet to more accurately track the data.

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In the long run, the most important factor shifting the SRAS curve is productivity growth.

Productivity—in economic terms—is how much output can be produced with a given quantity of labor. One measure of this is output per worker, or GDP per capita.

Since 1947, the U.S. corporate sector has been able to create nine times more goods and services with only a little increase in labor hours thanks to productivity gains. An economy may create and consume more goods and services for the same amount of effort when productivity is growing.

Productivity is a way of thinking and a condition of being. Being effective entails acting in every situation as we actively choose to and not as we feel pressured to by external factors. Being productive requires adopting a mindset of constant development.

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Job training incentives, rural jobs tax credit and manufacturing tax credit
State and municipal governments provide tax credits for manufacturing, rural jobs, and job training incentives to persuade enterprises to settle there.
The purpose of on-the-job training is to give instruction and practice opportunities so that a learner with no prior experience can acquire the information, skills, and competencies necessary to carry out the tasks related to his or her job function. The process of enhancing rural residents' quality of life and financial security is working ahead with rural employment. Taxpayers can immediately deduct the amount of a tax credit from the taxes they must pay. Tax credits lower the actual amount of tax owing, as opposed to deductions, which lower the amount of taxable income.
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The firm will exit or leave the industry as its not making any profits.

According to the Question,

The firm produces at P = MC

Where we know,

Q = 55 units

P = $4.78

ATC or Average Total Cost = 6.76

AVC or Average Valuable Cost = 3

P > AVC so the firm produces to minimize losses at the MC = P.

Profit = ( P - ATC ) × Q

=( 4.78 - 6.76 ) × 55

= - 108.9

The profit is - 108.9 dollars per minute.

As the firm in the industry is making losses ( a negative profit ) so it  will exit the industry in the long run.

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You have reached a certain limit that you must pay for the deductible and coinsurance, the insurance company covers 100% of any additional cost. This is called?

The correct answer is out of pocket limit

The out-of-pocket limit is the maximum or limit on the amount you must pay for eligible medical services in the planned year. When this limit is reached, the health insurance plan will pay 100% of all eligible medical expenses for the rest of the plan year. Some health insurance companies call this a deduction.

Basically, the deductible is the cost that the policyholder pays for medical expenses before the insurance plan begins to cover the cost, and the deductible is the policyholder's own expense, joint insurance, or The amount to pay for eligible medical expenses through deductions. , Before insurance covers everything.

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A group of similar products that differ only in relatively minor characteristics is called a product line. A product line cam be defined as a group or set of similar products manufactured and sold under a one brand name and a same company.

A single organisation can have different product lines. Product line can vary from color, size, type, prize and so on. For example - Coca-cola company sells juices of various flavors like mango, orange, guava etc. under a single brand name Minute Maid and under a same company Coca-cola.

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The amount I will pay for the company's stock today is $42.40.

The amount I would pay for the company's stock is dependent on the value of the stock. The value of the stock can be determined using the Gordon growth model.

According to the Gordon growth model, the value of a stock is a factor of its dividend, growth rate and the rate of return.

Value of a stock = next year dividend / (rate of return - growth rate)

$2.65 / (11 - 4.75%)

$2.65 / 6.25%

$2.65 / 0.0625 = $42.40

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Naomi is willing to pay $120 dollars for a multi-cat condo. She ends up paying $90. Naomi's consumer surplus is $30.

Consumer surplus is also known as buyer's surplus. It is the economic measure of a customer's excess benefit. It is calculated by analyzing the difference between the consumer's willingness to pay for a product and the actual price they pay.

Consumer surplus is calculated by:

Consumer surplus = Maximum price buyer is willing to pay – Actual price.

So, Naomi is willing to pay $120 dollars for a multi-cat condo but she ends up paying $90.

Therefore, $120 - $90 = $30

Hence, Naomi's consumer surplus is $30.

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The Unsharp Mask tool is the photograph tool that can be used by Kyle to improve the image despite that it was out of focus.

This refers to an image sharpening technique that was first implemented in darkroom photography but now popularly used in the digital image processing software.

The tool is common among photographer because it helped toi increases the image contrast along the edges of objects in a photo and it will correct the out-of-focus. It also helps to change the relative highpass content in an image by subtracting a blurred version of the image.

Despite that it is an after-capture tool, the effect are usluslly not detected edges but the pixel values can vary from their neighboring pixels by a certain amount.

Therefore, the Unsharp Mask tool is the photograph tool that can be used by Kyle to improve the image despite that it was out of focus.

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A sunk cost when the firm is considering exit is the cost which is being incurred already and is unavoidable.

A sunk cost is a type of expenditure which the firm incurs and there is no way to avoid this cost, and the expenditure is incurred already and the next decision taken will have no impact on this expenditure.

For example the sunk cost can be:

Rent - no matter how much of area is being used but the rent for whole area is being paid.

Wages - No matter how much units are produced but the wages are paid.

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If the economic system is in a recession, the government will want to boom output. if the multiplier equals 2. five and the government will increase spending through 2 hundred, how plenty will output growth by using 500

A recession is a good-sized decline in financial interest spread across the economy, lasting a variety of months, generally visible in actual GDP, actual income, employment, commercial production, and wholesale-retail income. The maximum not unusual example of a recession and melancholy is the worldwide recession of the 2008 monetary crisis and the super depression of the Nineteen Thirties, respectively.

A recession is when the economy's overall performance decreases for a prolonged period of numerous months, marked by means of GDP contraction, better unemployment quotes, and decrease patron spending. at some stage in a recession, people may also revel in significant effects on their day-by-day lives.

When u. s. a . is in a recession, the appropriate policy is to grow to spend, lessen taxes, or both. Such expansionary moves will put extra money within the arms of businesses and clients, encouraging organizations to increase and clients to shop for more goods and offerings. It takes the bureau at least six months to decide if a recession has started out; from time to time, it takes longer. The common publish-WWII recession lasts eleven.1 month. regularly, by the time the bureau has discovered the start of the recession, it's close to the quit.

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Options B, C, and D are three controlling principles.

Control principles that performance does not deviate from the norm. Management consists of three steps: (1) setting performance baselines, (2) comparing actual performance to baselines, and (3) taking corrective action when necessary.

Control principles are only justified if positive corrective action is taken. It's not enough to point out deviations or shortcomings from the standard. Steps should be taken to correct these deviations from the norm through planning, organization, leadership, staffing and other such management functions.

The question is incomplete. Please read below to find the missing content.

With regard to exchanges of information between FIUs of different countries, what are three controlling principles?

A. That sharing between FIUs be permitted only if the central banks are also a party to the sharing.

B. That the sharing of information should be done as freely as possible on the basis of reciprocity.

C. That the sharing should be on the basis of requests and also spontaneously.

D. That differences in the definition of offenses should not impede the free exchange of information.

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As an Oligopoly firm produces at a higher output, economies of scale allow the costs per unit (ATC) to decline significantly.

When firms in an oligopoly market individually chooses production in order to maximize profit, a quantity of output is produced by them which is higher than the level produced by monopoly and lesser than the level produced by competition.

The existence of economies of scale in certain industries can lead to oligopolistic market structures in those industries. This oligopoly market structure refers to a market form in which there are only a few sellers and they sell similar products.

The Oligopoly firm produces at a higher output, and so the costs per unit here decline significantly. Oligopoly firms are also able to take advantage of economies of scale that reduce production costs and prices.

Thus, when the oligopoly firm produces at a higher output, economies of scale allow the costs per unit (ATC) to decline significantly.

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