For a chemical reaction to be considered for use in a fuel cell, it is absolutely essential for the free-energy change to be negative.
This is because a negative free-energy change indicates that the reaction is exothermic and releases energy, which is necessary to generate electricity in a fuel cell. The physical state of the reactants (whether they are solids, liquids, or gases) is not as important as the free-energy change.
For a chemical reaction to be considered for use in a fuel cell, it is absolutely essential for the free-energy change to be negative. A negative free-energy change indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and can release energy, which is required for fuel cells to generate electricity. The reactants in a fuel cell can be in different states, such as solids, liquids, or gases, but the key factor is the negative free-energy change.
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Please help! I will give brainliest.
Question 4 of 20
A student is performing experiments on a particular substance. Which
statement is an observation of a chemical property of the substance?
A. Its viscosity decreases.
B. It boils.
C. Electricity passes through it.
D. It reacts with acid.
SUBMIT
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Reacting with acid is the only chemical property out of the 4 options. The rest are physical
iron (ii) hydroxide + sodium nitrate. Name the precipitate formed in reaction
Thea is doing a chemistry experiment. The instructions say she needs to use pure water. Hamza offer her a bottle labelled “100% Pure Spring Water”. Suggest why this water is unlikely to be suitable for the experiment [2]
A scientist is comparing 2 samples of the same compound. One is pure and the other is impure. The compound is a solid at room temperature. Explain how the scientist could tell which is the pure compound. [2]
The melting point of pure asprin is 136oC. The melting point of a sample of asprin is measured as being between 128 – 132oC. Give two reasons that suggest the sample is not pure asprin. [2]
Gunpowder is a formulation of potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur in the ratio 15 : 3 : 2
What is meant by the term “formulation” [2]
Calculate the mass of charcoal in 40g of gunpowder [1]
if you can just give me hints that would be great
How does the nervous system work with the digestive system?
A: The muscular and nervous systems enable the involuntary breathing mechanism.
B: It doesn't
C: The enteric nervous system's network of nerves, neurons and neurotransmitters extends along the entire digestive tract - from
the esophagus, through the stomach and intestines, and down to the anus.
D: Gets nutrients (good) from food and hands it over to the blood
Anyone help I’m failing :(
Answer:
Enteric Nervous System
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that directly controls the gastrointestinal system.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Describe the structure and function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Key Points
The enteric nervous system (ENS), which is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system, can operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord.
The ENS consists of two plexuses, the submucosal and the myenteric. The myenteric plexus increases the tone of the gut and the velocity and intensity of contractions. The submucosal plexus is involved with local conditions and controls local secretion, absorption, and muscle movements.
While described as a second brain, the enteric nervous system normally communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the parasympathetic (via the vagus nerve ) and sympathetic (via the prevertebral ganglia) nervous systems, but can still function when the vagus nerve is severed.
The ENS includes efferent neurons, afferent neurons, and interneurons, all of which make the ENS capable of carrying reflexes and acting as an integrating center in the absence of CNS input.
The ENS contains support cells, which are similar to the astroglia of the brain, and a diffusion barrier around the capillaries surrounding the ganglia, which is similar to the blood –brain barrier of cerebral blood vessels.
Key Terms
enteric nervous system: A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system.
EXAMPLES
The second brain of the enteric nervous system is the reason we get butterflies in our stomach or need to use the restroom more frequently when we are nervous and/or under stress.
The gastrointestinal (GI) system has its own nervous system, the enteric nervous system (ENS). Neurogastroenterology is the study of the enteric nervous system, a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. The ENS is capable of autonomous functions such as the coordination of reflexes.
Although it receives considerable innervation from the autonomic nervous system, it can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord. The ENS consists of some 100 million neurons, one-thousandth of the number of neurons in the brain, and about one-tenth the number of neurons in the spinal cord. The enteric nervous system is embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system.
Ganglia of the ENS
The neurons of the ENS are collected into two types of ganglia:
The myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus, located between the inner and outer layers of the muscularis externa
The submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus, located in the submucosa
The Myenteric Plexus
The myenteric plexus is mainly organized as a longitudinal chains of neurons. When stimulated, this plexus increases the tone of the gut as well as the velocity and intensity of its contractions. This plexus is concerned with motility throughout the whole gut. Inhibition of the myenteric system helps to relax the sphincters —the muscular rings that control the flow of digested food or food waste.
The Submucosal Plexus
The submucosal plexus is more involved with local conditions and controls local secretion and absorption, as well as local muscle movements. The mucosa and epithelial tissue associated with the submucosal plexus have sensory nerve endings that feed signals to both layers of the enteric plexus. These tissues also send information back to the sympathetic pre-vertebral ganglia, the spinal cord, and the brain stem.
This is an illustration of neural control of the gut wall by the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. A sensory neuron is shown to stimulate the nerves in the submucosal and myenteric plexuses, which are connected to nerves in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sensory neuron is also shown signal the ganglia and central nervous system.
Neural control of the gut: An illustration of neural control of the gut wall by the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
Function and Structure of the ENS
The enteric nervous system has been described as a second brain. There are several reasons for this. For instance, the enteric nervous system can operate autonomously. It normally communicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the parasympathetic (e.g., via the vagus nerve) and sympathetic (e.g., via the prevertebral ganglia) nervous systems. However, vertebrate studies show that when the vagus nerve is severed, the enteric nervous system continues to function.
Explanation:
how many moles of water are required to produce 2.15 mol oxygen gas in this reaction
If the available number of valence electrons for a molecule or polyatomic ion does not complete all of the octets in a lewis structure what should you do
Answer:
If the available number of valence electrons for a molecule or ion does not complete all of the octets, then multiple bonds must be drawn.
Explanation:
If the available number of valence electrons for a molecule or ion does not complete all of the octets, then multiple bonds must be drawn.
We must note that Lewis structures are representations of molecules Using dots to show the number of valence electrons on the valence shell of the atoms of each of the constituent elements in the molecule. Each atom is expected to have an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.
Many times, we encounter Lewis structures in which the octet of some atoms are incomplete. This means that the atoms have less than eight outermost electrons.
In such cases, we must invoke the idea of multiple bonds to account for the incomplete octet.
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How much heat is absorbed in the complete reaction of 3.00 grams of SiO2 with excess carbon in the reaction SiO2(g) + 3C(s) → SiC(s) + 2CO(g) ΔH° = 624.7 kJ/mol?
Answer:
31.24 kJ
Explanation:
SiO₂(g) + 3C(s) → SiC(s) + 2CO(g) ΔH° = 624.7 kJ/molFirst we convert 3.00 grams of SiO₂ to moles, using its molar mass:
3.00 g SiO₂ ÷ 60.08 g/mol = 0.05 molNow we calculate the heat absorbed, using the given ΔH°:
If the complete reaction of 1 mol of SiO₂ absorbs 624.7 kJ, then with 0.05 mol:
0.05 mol * 624.7 kJ/mol = 31.24 kJ of heat would be absorbed.The heat absorbed by 3.00 grams of SiO2 is 31.17 kJ/mol.
The thermochemical equation is;
SiO2(g) + 3C(s) → SiC(s) + 2CO(g) ΔH° = 624.7 kJ/mol
The number of moles of SiO2 = 3.00 g/60.08 g/mol = 0.0499 moles
From the reaction equation;
1 mole of SiO2 absorbs 624.7 kJ/mol
0.0499 moles SiO2 absorbs 0.0499 moles × 624.7 kJ/mol/1 mole
= 31.17 kJ/mol
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Do number 5 vote you brainlest thanks
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:
because genetics come from DNA
All elements in this series are radioactive
Answer:
you did not posted the series
Explanation:
Why might an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases be a concern? What
might be the effect of an increase? Use the diagram to help you answer.
Answer:
too many greenhouse gases can cause the temperature to increase out of control. ... The increased greenhouse effect is causing changes in our planet that can affect our lives. The major Greenhouse Gas, carbon dioxide, emitted naturally and by the burning of fossil fuels, stays in the atmosphere a long
Effects: By increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we’re amplifying the planet’s natural greenhouse effect and turning up the dial on global warming.
The atmosphere of the Earth may begin to trap more and more heat if these greenhouse gases are present in excess. Earth warms as a result of this.
What are Greenhouse gases?A greenhouse gas is a gas that produces the greenhouse effect by both absorbing and emitting radiant energy at thermal wavelengths that are infrared. The five main greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth are ozone, carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour.
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and water vapour are examples of greenhouse gases. (A "feedback" is the term used to describe water vapor, which reacts chemically or physically to changes in temperature.) Scientists have found that the warming effect of carbon dioxide contributes to the stabilisation of Earth's atmosphere.
Thus, the atmosphere of the Earth may begin to trap more and more heat if these greenhouse gases are present in excess. Earth warms as a result of this.
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Which group (family) of non-metals does not form ions?
Answer:
Noble gasses
Explanation:
nobled gasses
all elements want to loose or gain electrons to be like the noble gasses in bonding but the noble gasses do not bond.
the empirical formula is C6H6O.vapour density is 47.find the molecular formula
Answer: The molecular formula will be [tex]C_6H_6O[/tex]
Explanation:
Molecular formula is the chemical formula which depicts the actual number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
Empirical formula is the simplest chemical formula which depicts the whole number of atoms of each element present in the compound.
The empirical formula is [tex]C_6H_6O[/tex]
The empirical weight of [tex]C_6H_6O[/tex] = 6(12)+6(1)+1(16) = 94 g.
The molecular weight = [tex]2\times \text{vapour density}=2\times 47=94[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the molecular formula.
[tex]n=\frac{\text{Molecular weight}}{\text{Equivalent weight}}=\frac{94}{94}=1[/tex]
The molecular formula will be=[tex]1\times C_6H_6O=C_6H_6O[/tex]
how many atoms are in 1.2x10^5 moles of neon?
Answer:
7.224 × 10^28 atoms
Explanation:
The number of moles contained in a substance (n) can be calculated from this expression:
nA = n × 6.02 × 10^23 atoms
Where;
nA = number of atoms of substance
n = number of moles of substance
Avagadro's number or constant = 6.02 × 10^23 atoms
Using nA = n × 6.02 × 10^23 atoms
In this question, there are 1.2 x 10^5 moles of neon (N). The number of atoms (nA) is as follows:
nA of neon = 1.2 x 10^5 × 6.02 × 10^23
nA = 7.224 × 10^ (5 + 23)
nA = 7.224 × 10^28 atoms
The number of neon atoms in 1.2 x 10^5 is 7.224 × 10^28 atoms.
H2 + Cl2 --> 2HCl
If 500 molecules of H2 react with 400 molecules of Cl2, how many of HCl will be produced?
Answer:
c20 will be there ok
Explanation:
okbbbbbbbbbbyyyyyyyy
why and how do ions form?
Answer and Explanation:
Ions are electrically charged particles that are formed from the removing and addition of electrons. It can be a positively or negatively charged atom.
can someone please explain this i will give brainliest
Does anybody know how to find the theoretical yield? you can just do 1 equation
Answer:
its the first part in mass of sodium
Explanation:
:)
If 276 g of dinitrogen tetroxide and 64.0 g of hydrazine are mixed, how many grams of nitrogen gas can you produce?
Answer:
84 g of N₂
Explanation:
We begin from the reaction:
N₂O₄ + 2N₂H₄ → 3N₂ + 4H₂O
1st step: Find out the limiting reactant.
We convert the mass to moles.
276 g . 1mol/ 92g = 3 moles of N₂O₄
64 g . 1mol / 32g = 2 moles of hidrazine
Limiting reactant is the hydrazine. Ratio is 1:2, then for 3 moles of tetroixde I may need 6 moles of N₂H₄. (But I only have 2).
To determine the grams of produced nitrogen we see stoichiometry (2:3)
2 moles of hydrazine can produce 3 moles of N₂
Definetaly our 2 moles make 3 moles of gas.
We convert the moles to mass.
3 mol . 28g /1mol = 84 g of N₂
7. C2H4O2 is what? vinegar
Answer:
Yes its vinegar
Explanation:
Actually [tex] \bold{\red {C_2H_4O_2}} [/tex] is the formula for acetic acid which is found in vinegar.
Select the correct answer.
When a substance changes from one phase to another, which of the following occurs?
OA. The substance loses or gains heat.
shoes
OB. The average kinetic energy of the substance changes.
OC. The temperature of the substance changes.
OD. The molecular motion of the substance changes.
Reset
Next
D. The molecular motion of the substance changes.
Why doesn't the Earth usually feel solar winds?
A. because of the aurora borealis
B. because of its strong magnetic field
C. because of strong magnetic activity inside the Sun
D. because they contain electromagnetic radiation
What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 1,300 kg traveling north at a speed of 28 m/s?
Answer:
p = 36400 kg·m/s
Explanation:
p=mv
p= Momentum
m= mass (1300 kg)
v= 28
1300 × 28
= 36400 kg·m/s
The Momentum of the car is 36400 kg-m/s.
What is Momentum ?Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction. m is an object's mass and v is its velocity
Given that,
Mass of the car, m = 1300 kgSpeed of the car, v = 28 m/s (towards north)(m is an object's mass and v is its velocity)
To find :
The momentum of car, p
Solve :
Let p is the momentum of an object. It can be calculated by the product of mass and its velocity. The formula to find it is given by :
p = m x v
= 1300 x 28
= 36400 kg-m/s.
Therefore, the momentum of the car is 36400 kg-m/s.
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4 points
What is the volume of an object with a density of 5.20 g/cm3 and a mass
of 6.00 x 10^2? g?
Explain why the metals conduct electricity
write in your own words please, don't copy-paste from internet
Answer:
Metals conduct electricity because the electrons inside the metal are relatively free to move. So when electricity is pass through metals, electrons carry electricity and spread it all over the metal. The mobility of electrons is the reason why metals conduct electricity.
Which statement is best illustrated in the diagram above regarding how the Sun's energy affects the Earth's surface from June through September in the Northern Hemisphere? The season changes from autumn to winter, daylight hours decrease, and infrared radiation is the weakest during the June solstice. B The season changes from winter to spring, daylight hours increase, and infrared radiation is the weakest during the September equinox. C The season changes from summer to autumn, daylight hours decrease, and infrared radiation is the strongest during the June solstice. The season changes from spring to summer, daylight hours increase, and infrared radiation is the strongest during the September equinox.
Answer:
I'm sorry but there is no diagram above.
At sea level, a kilogram welghs approximately
2 pounds
10 pounds
5 pounds
1 pound
Answer:
1 kilogram weight at sea level would be the equivalent of 2 pounds.
Explanation:
Determina la densidad de una barra dd hierro cuya masa ed de 160gr y su volumen es de 20,35cm³ ¿que volumen ocuparan 12g de hierro?
Answer:
15.26 cm³
Explanation:
La densidad de una sustancia se define como su masa por unidad de volumen:
densidad = masa/volumen
Tenemos los siguientes datos de la barra de hierro:
masa = 160 g
volumen = 20,35 cm³
Por lo tanto, la densidad de la barra de hierro es:
densidad = 160 g/20,35 cm³ = 0.786 g/cm³
El volumen de 12 gramos de hierro se calcula utilizando el dato de masa (12 g) y la densidad calculada:
densidad = masa/volumen ⇒ volumen = masa/densidad
= 12 g/(0.786 g/cm³)
= 15.26 cm³
In the formula XS04, the symbol X could represent the element*
O (1) AI
O (2) Ar
O (3) Mg
0 (4) Na
Do you think personality
traits are primarily inherited
from your parents or
influenced by the
environment? What is your
evidence you researched?
Personality traits are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Research suggests that both genetics and the environment play significant roles in shaping an individual's personality.
Studies on twins and adoption give proof that genetics affect personality. When opposed to fraternal twins, who only share 50% of their genetic makeup, identical twins, who share 100% of their genetic material, frequently show stronger similarities in personality traits. This shows that certain personality traits are influenced by hereditary factors.
Yet, environmental influences also have a considerable impact on personality. Despite having comparable DNA, studies on non-twin siblings reared in the same home have found that they frequently display personality differences.
This shows that the environment, including parental practices, cultural influences, and life events, has a significant impact on personality development.
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