95 N much force is needed to pull the sledge at a constant speed.
Explain force.A force in physics is an effect that has the power to alter what an object moves. Every object with mass might travel faster or at a different rate as a result of a force. A push or a pull made natural sense when describing force. Since forces are vector quantities, they own both size and direction.
The sled is being subjected to the following horizontal forces:
F = applied force.
Fr = friction force.
And the following vertical forces:
N = normal force.
W =combined weight of the person and the sled
The second law of Newton states:
F = m * a
where the object's mass is "m" and its acceleration is "a"
So, in the horizontal direction:
F - Fr = m *a
Determining the force, F, required to keep the sled moving at a constant pace (acceleration = 0). Then,
F - Fr = 0
F = Fr
The applied force must have a magnitude equal to or greater than the friction force.
The friction force is calculated as follows:
Fr = μ · N
Where μ is coefficient and N represent the normal force, respectively.
Let's use Newton's second law with in vertical direction to determine the normal force:
F = N - W
= m · a
Keep in mind that the sledge is not accelerated vertically so that a = 0:
N - W = 0
N = W
The mass is the total of a weight of a person plus the mass of the sled, and the force is equivalent to the weight:
W = 51 N + 680 N = 731 N
Then:
N = 731 N
Fr = 0.13 · 731 N
Fr = N
Then
F = 95.03 N
As a result, 95 N of force is necessary to pull a sled at a steady pace.
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Rob is studying for an exam. He listed some properties of magnets in a Maglev train.
A 2-column table with 2 rows. The first column labeled Magnet has entries Guidance, Guideway. The second column labeled Properties has entries the current in an electromagnet changes rapidly, which pushes the train forward, a pole faces the like pole of the support magnet and repels the support magnet, which increases friction.
Which best explains Rob’s error?
The current in the electromagnet of the guidance magnet does not change.
The types of magnets are listed incorrectly in the table and should be switched.
The unlike poles of the guideway and support magnets face each other.
The repelling of the support magnet decreases friction.
In the table's Properties column, notably in the entry for the Guidance magnet, Rob made a mistake.
Which best demonstrates Rob's inaccuracy that causes the friction?It is untrue to say that a quickly changing electromagnet's current propels a train forward. To create a levitation force that lifts the train off the tracks and enables it to float, the guidance magnets in a Maglev train really work by repelling the guiding magnets on the vehicle from the guideway.
In order to maintain the train's levitation and stability, the polarity of its steering magnets must change quickly rather than the current.
Superconducting magnets, which don't suffer any major energy losses when repelling another magnet, are frequently used in Maglev trains. Instead, a repelling force produced by the magnets lifts the train off the rails and enables it to float.
The mistake is that the guidance magnets should push the train ahead and increase friction, not by repelling the magnets on the train from the guideway and creating a levitation force.
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15. A uniform beam AB of length 100m and weight 20N rests on a supports P and Q placed 20m from each end of the beam. Weights of 50N and 5N are placed at A and B respectively. Calculate the reaction at P and Q.
PLS I BEG SHARP RESPONSE
Answer:
Peter and John is a plate of rice together peterhead 2/5 of the quantity of rice white drone x 1/3 who ate more food than the other
What is the wavelength of longitudinal wave
A toy elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 seconds. The power needed using 1000 J of work, is
A toy elevator is raised from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 seconds. The power needed using 1000 J of work, is 50 W, the calculation is like 1000J of work / 20 seconds = 50W.
Power is measured in Watts (W) which is a unit of energy per time. This means that when you divide the total energy (1000J) by time (20 seconds) it will give you the power (50W). In other words, power is the rate at which energy is expended over a given period of time. The higher the power, the faster the elevator will go. In this case, 1000J of work divided by 20 seconds gives you a power of 50W, which is enough to move the elevator from the ground floor to the second floor in 20 seconds.
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writing connection science Alfred Wegener never convinced the scientific community that continents move on earths surface. Imagine you could send a message to the past. Explain to Wegener in a letter the evidence that he was missing and the theory of plate tectonics.
The letter explaining to Wegener the evidence that he was missing and the theory of plate tectonics is written below:
Letter on the theory of plate tectonicsDear Alfred Wegener,
I am writing to you from the future to tell you that your theory of continental drift has been proven to be true. However, I understand that during your lifetime, you were not able to convince the scientific community of the validity of your ideas. I want to share with you some of the evidence that was discovered after your time that helped to solidify the theory of plate tectonics.
Firstly, the discovery of the mid-Atlantic Ridge in the 1920s provided evidence for the existence of a divergent boundary. This underwater mountain range, which runs down the center of the Atlantic Ocean, is evidence of the separation of the North American and Eurasian plates. Another key piece of evidence is the matching of rock formations and fossil records on opposite sides of the ocean.
Furthermore, the study of earthquakes and volcanoes also helped to support the theory of plate tectonics. The locations of earthquakes and volcanoes corresponded with plate boundaries, and the movement of these plates could explain their occurrence.
In conclusion, I hope this letter has helped to provide you with some of the evidence that was missing during your lifetime and helped to solidify the theory of plate tectonics. Your contributions to the field of geology were crucial in helping scientists to understand the movement of the Earth's crust.
Yours Sincerely,
John Philips
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What is the index of refraction of a refractive medium which slows the light to 1.88 x 10^8 m/s. What the index of the second medium
If the index of refraction of a refractive medium slows the light to 1.88 x 10^8 m/s. The index of the second medium is: 1.60.
How to find the index of the second medium?Using this formula to find the index of the second medium
n = c/v
Where:
n = refractive index of the medium
c = velocity of light in vacuum
v = velocity of light in the medium.2
Let plug in the formula
n = (3 x 10^8 m/s)/ 1.88 x 10^8 m/s
n = 300,000,000/188,000,000
n = 1.595
n = 1.60 (Approximately)
Therefore we can conclude that the refractive index of the medium is 1.60.
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In a transformer, energy is carried from the primary coil to the secondary coil by
A. The magnetic field in the iron core
B. The electrical heating of the primary coil
C. Electricity conducted through the iron core
D. The difference in voltage between the primary and secondary coils.
In a transformer, energy is carried from the primary coil to the secondary coil by The magnetic field in the iron core.
What is transformer?
A Transformer is an electrical device used to increase or decrease the voltage provided to an electrical circuit. It is made up of two or more coils of wire wound around a common core. The coils are typically referred to as the primary and secondary winding. Electricity flowing in the primary winding creates a magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in the secondary winding. The ratio of primary to secondary winding determines the output voltage. Transformers are used extensively in the electricity distribution network, enabling the safe and efficient transmission of electricity over long distances.
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two blocks are connected by a string of negligible mass that passes over massless pulleys
If two blocks are connected by a string of negligible mass that passes over massless pulleys, the system can be analyzed using the principles of Newton's second law and the conservation of energy.
What is Newton's second law? In this scenario, the net force acting on each block is the tension in the string, which is equal in magnitude for both blocks. Therefore, if the blocks have different masses, they will have different accelerations. In this scenario, the mechanical energy of the system is the sum of the gravitational potential energy and the kinetic energy of the blocks. If the pulleys are massless and frictionless, then the mechanical energy of the system will be conserved.In summary, the two blocks will move together with the same acceleration if the pulleys are massless and frictionless.To learn more about newtons second law refer:
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An electrical conductor that has very low resistance to current at low temperatures is called a(n) .
An electrical conductor that has very low resistance to current at low temperatures is called a(n) Superconductor.
Superconductors are magnetic, right?A superconductor's hatred of magnetic fields is one of its basic characteristics. A superconductor generates its own equal and opposite magnetic field when a magnetic field is applied by a scientist.
What is the name of a permanent magnet's two poles?A north-seeking pole (north pole) and a south-seeking pole (south pole) are found at either end of every magnet. Depending on how they are arranged, these two oppositely charged poles enable magnets to both repel and attract other magnets.
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What is a way Accenture plans to achieve its sustainability goals by integrating sustainability metrics into all our client engagements?
One way that Accenture is seeking to achieve its sustainability goals is by integrating sustainability metrics into all of its client engagements.
What is sustainability?
Sustainability is the practice of using resources in a manner that meets the economic, social, and environmental needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It is a systemic approach to creating and maintaining conditions that allow people to thrive in the present without compromising the planet’s ability to support future generations.
This includes leveraging Accenture’s proprietary Sustainability Maturity Model, which provides a structured approach to measure and track sustainability performance. It also includes embedding sustainability into the design of client projects, developing strategies to enable clients to reach their sustainability goals, and exploring the potential of emerging technologies to accelerate progress. Additionally, Accenture is committed to providing its clients with data-driven insights and best practices that enable them to meet their sustainability objectives.
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what is the relationship between star temperature and luminosity in the main sequence
The relationship between star temperature and luminosity in the main sequence is known as the main sequence mass-luminosity relationship.
What is luminosity?
Luminosity is the amount of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a star, galaxy, or other celestial object. It is typically measured in units of watts per square meter (W/m2). Luminosity is related to the total energy output of a star or other celestial body and is an important factor in determining its temperature, composition, and other physical properties.
This relationship states that the hotter the star, the more luminous it is. This is because hotter stars are more massive and more luminous than cooler stars. As the star's temperature increases, so does its luminosity.
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1. Ivan pulls a sled loaded with logs to his cabin in the woods. He pullsutbiq si
with a force of 800 N at an angle of 20° above the ground.
a. Draw a free-body diagram of the 4 major forces acting on the
sled. Label each force appropriately.
The four major forces acting on the sled and the free-body diagram of the 4 major forces acting on the sled is attached below:
The force of gravity pulling down on the sled and logs (labeled as "Fgrav").The force of friction acting against the sled's movement (labeled as "Ffrict").The force of Ivan pulling the sled (labeled as "Fpull").The force of normal acting on the sled (labeled as "Fnorm").What is a free body diagram?In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) is a graphical representation used to visualize the forces, moments, and resulting reactions applied to a body in a given state. expression. It represents a body or connected bodies that includes all applied forces, moments, and reactions acting on the body. A body can consist of several internal elements (such as a truss), or it can be a compact body (such as a beam). A series of free-body and other diagrams may be required to solve complex problems. A free body diagram consists of:
A simplified version of the body (often a period or box).Forces are represented as straight arrows pointing in the direction they act on an object.A moment is represented as a curve with a single arrow or as a vector with two arrows pointing in the direction acting on the body.One or more reference coordinate systems.Responses to applied forces are usually indicated by dashes through the stem of the vector.To know more about free body diagram, visit:
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Diana raises a 1000. N piano a distance (Links to an external site.) of 5.00 m using a set of pulleys. She pulls in 20.0 m of rope. How much work was done on the object
The 5000 N-m work was done on the object.
How is labor done measured?The formula Work = Force * Distance can be used to compute work. The joule (J) or Newton-meter (N-m) is the SI unit for work. When 1 N of force pushes an item a distance of 1 m, the work done is equal to 1 joule.
What kind of work is an example?There are several instances of work being done in our daily lives. A student holding a backpack on his back or his shoulder full of books, a horse pulling a plow across the field, a father pushing a supermarket cart in a mall, and many more examples come to mind.
Given:
Load force = 1000 N
Load distance = 5.00 m
Effort distance = 20.0 m
[tex]Work=Load*Load distance[/tex]
[tex]Work=1000*5.00[/tex]
[tex]Work=5000N-m[/tex]
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. Suppose a positively charged object A is brought in contact with an uncharged object B in a closed system. What type of charge will be left on object B
Charging by Contact is positive. On object B, a positive charge will remain.
What is Charge?The fundamental physical property of matter, electric charge, exerts a force when kept in an electric or magnetic field. A magnetic field is produced by a moving electric charge, and an electric charge is associated with an electric field. Magnetic and electric fields combine to form the electromagnetic field. The interaction of the charges results in the electromagnetic force, which is the fundamental force in physics. Throughout this session, tell us about electric charges, their types, and their traits.
A scalar quantity is an electric charge. Only when a quantity complies with the laws of vector addition, such as the triangle law of vector addition and the parallelogram law of vector addition, can it be said to be a vector in addition to having a magnitude and direction. In the case of an electric current, the resultant current of these two currents at a junction is an algebraic sum rather than a vector sum. Therefore, despite having magnitude and direction, an electric current is a scalar quantity.
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A boy with a mask of 20 is running at 3 m/s what is his kinetic energy
Important Formulas:
[tex]KE=.5mv^2[/tex]
Kinetic energy(measured in joules) = .5 * mass(measured in kg) * velocity(measured in m/s)^2
__________________________________________________________
Given:
[tex]m=20kg[/tex]
[tex]v=3m/s[/tex]
[tex]KE=?[/tex]
__________________________________________________________
Finding kinetic energy:
[tex]KE=.5mv^2[/tex]
[tex]KE=.5(20)(3)^2[/tex]
__________________________________________________________
[tex]\fbox{KE = 90 Joules}[/tex]
Three point charges are arranged at the corners of a square of side L as shown in (Figure 1) What is the potential at the fourth corner (point A)? Express your answer in terms of the variables Q, L, and the Coulomb’s constant k.
The potential at the fourth point will be [tex]\frac{k^3Q}{\sqrt{L}}[/tex]
Let q1= -2Q and q2 = 6Q. ( k.)
What does charge number three's value, q3, equal?
To remedy the issue, the charges' orientation is also necessary.
You might try using the formula (kQ/r) to get the potential at the fourth corner.
Electric potential is a scalor, therefore adding the values from the three sites is as simple as adding them all together.
The effort required to transfer a unit charge against an electric field from a reference point to a specified spot. Earth is typically chosen as the reference point, however, any location beyond the range of the electric field charge can be utilized. potential electricity.
for instance, q1=-Q, L from the 4th point
q2=3Q and the fourth point's root is L.
The solution to q3= Q L from the fourth point is just [tex]-\frac{kQ}{L} + \frac{k^3Q}{\sqrt{L}} +\frac{kQ}{L} = \frac{k^3Q}{\sqrt{L}}[/tex] (at the fourth point)
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The missing diagram is attached below:
The goal of this experiment was to answer the question, "How does diffraction occur?" Suppose you formulated this alternate hypothesis:
If the gap width is increased while keeping wavelength constant, then the observed diffraction will decrease because the less the ratio between wavelength and gap width is, the smaller the observed diffraction angle will be.
To test this hypothesis, you would change the gap widthdiffraction anglewavelength and observe the gap widthdiffraction anglewavelength in the system.
Therefore, the independent variable would be the gap widthdiffraction anglewavelength and the dependent variable would be the gap widthdiffraction anglewavelength.
The spreading of waves as they go through an aperture or around objects is known as diffraction. When the wavelength of the incident wave and the size of the aperture or obstruction are on the same order of magnitude, it happens.
What causes diffraction?"More specifically, when applied to light, diffraction of light happens when a light wave travels past a corner or through an opening or slit that is physically smaller than the wavelength of that light, if not smaller.
The main diffraction-causing factor is what?The most frequent instance of diffraction is water waves that bend around a fixed object. Around the border of an item, light flexes similarly. Two tiny apertures are depicted in the animation as wave fronts travel through them.
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Describe the gestalt principles of proximity similarity continuity and closure
Gestalt principles refer to a set of laws in psychology that describe how people perceive visual information. The four principles you mentioned are:
Proximity: Objects that are close to each other are perceived as being related to each other.
Similarity: Objects that are similar in appearance are perceived as being related to each other.
Continuity: People tend to perceive lines and shapes as continuing in the same direction, even if they are interrupted.
Closure: People tend to perceive incomplete shapes as complete, such as seeing a full circle when presented with a set of dots arranged in a circular pattern.
Who is Gestalt?Gestalt theory reinforces the fact the whole of anything is greater than its parts. That is, the attributes of the whole are not deducible from analysis of the parts in isolation. The word Gestalt is utilized in modern German to imply the way a thing has been “placed,” or “put together.” There is no exact equivalent in English.
These principles help us understand how our brain organizes and interprets visual information, and are often used in design to create clear and effective visual layouts.
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If an electric heater is rated at 15,000 W, and the voltage used is 240 V, what size breaker in amps would be required
The current required by the electric heater which has the power of 15,000 W is 62.5 A
The power of the heater = 15,000 W
The voltage used by the heater = 240 V
The current required by the electric heater can be found using the formula,
P = VI
where P is the power of the electric heater
V is the voltage used by the electric heater
I is the current required by the electric heater
Let us rearrange the above equation in order to get the current required by the heater is
I = P/V
Let us substitute the known values in the above equation, we get
I = 15,000 / 240
= 62.5 A
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ulius competes in the hammer throw event. The hammer has a mass of 7.26 kg and is 1.215 m long.What is the centripetal force on the hammer when it has a tangential speed of 31.95 m/s
The 6,100 N is the centripetal force on the hammer when it has a tangential speed of 31.95 m/s.
What is centripetal force ?Any force that induces a shift in velocity direction toward the center of a circular motion is referred to as a centripetal force. Centripetal force is caused by the part of the force that is perpendicular to the velocity.
Centripetal force is a force that operates on a body traveling in a circle and is pointed in the direction of the body's center of mass. It is computed using the formula:
F = mv^2/r
where m is the mass, v is the velocity and r is the radius.
F = 7.26(31.95)^2 / (1.215) = 6100 N
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The moon Phobos orbits Mars
(mass = 6.42 x 1023 kg) at a distance
of 9.38 x 106 m. What is its period of
orbit?
period of orbit is 2136.63 m/s if The moon Phobos orbits Mars (mass = 6.42x 1023 kg) at a distance of 9.38 x 106 m.
What is the full meaning of distance?noun. the extent or amount of space between two things, points, lines, etc. the state or fact of being apart in space, as of one thing from another; remoteness. a linear extent of space: Seven miles is a distance too great to walk in an hour.
How is distance measured?The SI unit for distance is the meter (m). Short distances may be measured in centimeters (cm), and long distances may be measured in kilometers (km). For example, you might measure the distance from the bottom to the top of a sheet of paper in centimeters and the distance from your house to your school in kilometers.
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The drop time can be calculated as follows: where y is the vertical height of the table and g is the
acceleration due to gravity. How did the calculated drop time compare to the average of your measured drop
times? Find the percent error using the following equation:
What factors might cause the differences?
Answer:
Tt can be calculated by copy
A person jogging from the forest to the office covers the 6,800 meters in 2 hours. Their speed is not constant and they slow down and speed up at various times. What is their average velocity
The required average velocity of a person jogging from the forest to the office is calculated to be 0.94 m/s.
Given that,
Total displacement = 6800 m
Total time = 2 hrs
Speed is not constant and varies with time.
Let us convert hours to seconds.
2 hours = 2 × 60 minutes = 2 × 60 × 60 seconds = 7200 seconds
The equation for average velocity is known to be,
"Average velocity = Total displacement / Total time"
Putting in the above given values, we have,
Average velocity = 6800/7200 = 0.94 m/s
Thus, the average velocity is calculated to be 0.94 m/s.
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0. 250 moles of gas are in a piston. The gas does 109 J of work while 240 J of heat are added. What is the change in internal energy?
(Be careful with + and - signs. +W = expansion, +Q =added, +ΔU = temp goes up)
Thank you!
For 0. 250 moles of gas in a piston, the change in internal energy is +131J. While 240 J of heat are supplied, the gas produces 109 J of work. The energy is a thermodynamic system's internal energy.
With the exception of the energies that are determined by how the system interacts with its environment, the system as a whole's kinetic energy of motion and potential energy with respect to external force fields are all that are contained within it. A typical kind of skin development are moles. Clusters of pigment-forming cells are what give them their common appearance as small, dark brown dots (melanocytes).
Internal energy change for U = Q+W is 240+(-109) = +131J.
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What is the spring constant of a spring of negligible mass which gained 8 joules of potential energy as a result of being compressed 0.4 meter
Answer:
[tex]100N/m[/tex]
Explanation:
The formula to find the spring constant given the potential energy and sprint displacement is:
[tex]E=\frac{1}{2} kx^{2}[/tex]
where:
[tex]E[/tex] is the energy ( in Joules)
[tex]k[/tex] is the constant ( in Newtons per meter)
[tex]x[/tex] is the extension ( in meters)
thus, by rearranging the formula we can get:
[tex]k=2\frac{E}{x^{2} }[/tex]
[tex]k=2\frac{8}{0.16}[/tex]
[tex]k=2*50=100N/m[/tex]
Why is countercurrent flow better for dialysis?
The countercurrent flow is better for dialysis because-
The dialysate flows in the opposite direction from the blood. More urea and creatinine are removed from the blood as a result of the dialysate and blood flowing counter-currently, which optimizes the concentration gradient of solutes between the two fluids.
All throughout the dialyzer's length, countercurrent flow optimizes the concentration gradient between blood and dialysate Small solute clearance falls by 10% when blood flow and dialysate flow are cocurrent (moving in the same direction). Because they produce a more consistent temperature difference between the fluids along the whole length of the fluid channel, counter flow heat exchangers naturally outperform parallel flow heat exchangers in terms of efficiency.As an illustration, a faster blood flow rate boosts clearance by increasing the volume of blood evacuated each minute7. Additionally, a quicker dialysate flow rate results in more solutes being removed from the dialysate fluid, increasing the concentration gradient and the clearance rate8–10.To know more about dialysis here
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how do waves change as they approach the shore the height increases, friction along the top of the wave increases, the wavelength increases, the distance between crests inc
As the waves approach the shore, they slow down, the height of the waves increases and the wavelength decreases.
The ocean floor provides resistance to the waves' troughs as they go closer to the coast. The wave is slowed down by the friction it creates with the ocean floor. The wavelength of the waves is shortened by this friction. The crests rise higher and the troughs deepen as the wavelength shortens.
Friction at the wave's point of contact with the bottom slows it down. The wavelength is reduced as one wave slows down and is caught up to by another. The wave height increases even when the wavelength shrinks because the wave's energy remains constant.
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why should a counterweight be moveable
A weight known as a counterweight is one that stabilizes and balances a mechanical system by exerting an opposing force.
Why do moveable flight control surfaces have large counterweights installed in the leading edge?A counterweight's function is to speed up and improve the efficiency of lifting the load, which conserves energy and reduces wear and tear on the lifting apparatus. A weight known as a counterweight is one that stabilizes and balances a mechanical system by exerting an opposing force.
To lift loads up to 120 tons, tower cranes are utilized at large building sites. In a tower crane, a fixed and a moveable counterweight are held by two arms that extend from the center of the structure. For the purpose of balancing the load, the operator moves the mobile counterweight.
For the purpose of providing offset forces in the flight controls, counter weights are used. With less pressure needed to move the controls, this gives them better "feel" and "feedback" forces.
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A counterweight should be moveable so as to make lifting the load in a faster and more efficient manner.
What is a counterweight?A counterweight is a weight which has a major purpose to help maintain the stability and balance of a mechanical system by exerting an opposing force. A counterbalance or counterweight is usually used to lift a load more quickly and effectively, which saves energy and reduces wear and tear on the lifting apparatus used with it.The potential energy obtained is equivalent to the work done to lift the counterweight.When the counterweight is being displaced by a force that is acting in the same direction as the applied force, the potential energy gained is equal to that distance it is working or kept.To know more about counterweight visit
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The person in the figure below is pulling a heavy load. However, the load is resisting the forward motion. The figure can act as a model for what happens in electrical conductors, cells and batteries, and electrical devices in a circuit.
1. Write a paragraph that explains what you think each circuit component would represent in the model, and why.
2. How does the figure model resistance in a circuit?
The components of an electrical circuit represented by the model are as follows:
the man pulling the load represents the battery or cellthe cord used by the man to pull the load represents the conductors such as wiresthe load pulled by the man represents the resistance.The figure models resistance in a circuit because just as resistance in a circuit opposes the flow of current, the load resists the movement of the man.
What is an electrical circuit?An electrical circuit is a complete path that is provided for the flow of electric current.
Tue components of an electric circuit includes:
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Electromagnetic radiation is a kind of (1) ____________________ that behaves like a(n) (2) ___________________ as it travels through space. (3) __________________ is one type of electromagnetic radiation. Other examples include X-rays, radio waves, and microwaves.
A type of (1) energy known as electromagnetic radiation acts in space like a(n) (2) wave. (3) One kind of electromagnetic radiation is light. Microwaves, radio waves, and X-rays are some further examples.
What does electromagnetic radiation refer to?radiation with a magnetic and electrical field that moves in waves .It derives from both organic and artificial sources. The energy levels of electromagnetic radiation might be low or high. It is made up of radio waves, microwaves, infrared photons, visible light, uv irradiation, x-rays, and gamma rays.
From top to bottom energy, the components of the visible radiation are refer to as gamma radiation, X-rays, Uv rays, photons, infrared rays, and radio waves. Microwave waves, like those used in microwave ovens, are a subset of the electromagnetic spectrum's radio wave category.
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