The light reactions of plants are the photochemical reactions that take place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts and convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
Light reactions in plants occur in the thylakoid membranes of organelles referred to as chloroplasts. The light processes are mostly controlled by photosystems, sizable complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are designed to capture light. The light reactions processes include the plants division of water into oxygen, protons, and electrons, and take place in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The light reactions occur in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane and involve the splitting of water into oxygen, plants,protons and electrons.
learn more about light reactions here:
https://brainly.com/question/26623807
#SPJ4
A _____________ forms as a result of lava that has cooled at the top of a volcano.
a.
vent
b.
caldera
c.
pipe
d.
chamber
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
B caldera forms as a result of lava that has cooled at the top of a volcano.
Explanation:
What are 4 things that cause natural selection?
Natural selection consists of four components: variation, inheritance, rapid population growth, and differential survival and reproduction.
Natural selection is the process by which organisms with advantageous changes survive and reproduce more frequently. Adaptation is an inherited variation that increases an organism's chances of survival.
Individuals in a population are naturally variable, which means they differ in some ways. This variation indicates that some people have traits that are better suited to their environment than others.
Evolution refers to the gradual changes that occur in organisms over time that result in the formation of more complex forms. The study of the history of the evolution of newer forms of life on Earth from pre-existing forms over time is known as evolutionary biology.
To know more about natural selection click here,
https://brainly.com/question/2725702
#SPJ4
Why is individual II-1 heterozygous according to the answer key. - Pedigrees
In given pedigrees II-1 heterozygous because the man (II-1) that brown-eyed woman marry has brown eye but they have a son (III-1) with blue eye. So, genotype of II-1 will be Bb.
What is pedigrees?A family tree diagram that makes use of standardized symbols. The relationships between family members are shown in a pedigree, which also identifies the members of a family who have particular genetic pathogenic variants, traits, and diseases as well as their current health.
Pedigrees are typically employed to illustrate straightforward dominant and recessive traits. Having a widow's peak hairline, for instance, is dominant. If someone possesses that quality, their pedigree symbol will be shaded in.
To know more about Pedigrees visit:
https://brainly.com/question/13667608
#SPJ1
What is the effect of changing the environment on the feeding of birds with different beaks?
The exact traits of each bird's beak and the type of environmental alteration will determine how changing the environment will affect how various beaked birds eat.
For instance, birds with long, narrow beaks designed for digging deeply into blossoms or grabbing insects may have a tougher difficulty locating food if the environment gets drier and food sources become limited.
Their population might decrease as a result of this. Similarly to this, birds with short, broad beaks that are evolved to split apart seeds may have a tougher difficulty locating food if the environment becomes wetter and food sources become limited.
On the other hand, if the environment changes in a way that creates new food sources, birds with beaks adapted to exploit those resources may do well. For example, if a new type of berry becomes available, birds with beaks adapted for eating berries may thrive in that environment.
To learn more about environmental alteration
https://brainly.com/question/10136776
#SPJ4
G. Color blindness is a x-linked genetic disorder. If a woman, who is a carrier for color blindness, marries a normal man, then what is the percent possibility that their sons will be colorblind
If the mother is carrier color blind and the father is normal, the percent possibility that their sons will be colorblind is 25%.
Color blindness is an inherited/genetic disorder that is passed from parents to their children, this disorder is often also called sex-linked because this disorder is carried by the X chromosome. This means that the Y chromosome does not carry the color blindness factor. The genotype of color-blind i.e.:
[tex]X^BX^B[/tex] → Normal[tex]X^BX^b[/tex] → female carrier [tex]X^bX^b[/tex] → color blind woman[tex]X^BY[/tex] → normal male[tex]X^bY[/tex] → male color blindIf the mother is carrier color blind ([tex]X^BX^b[/tex]) and the father is normal ([tex]X^BY[/tex]), then the offspring are:
Parents: [tex]X^BX^b[/tex] >< [tex]X^BY[/tex]
Gametes: [tex]X^B,X^b[/tex] >< [tex]X^B,Y[/tex]
Filial:
[tex]X^BX^B[/tex] (normal)
[tex]X^BX^b[/tex] (girl carrier)
[tex]X^BY[/tex] (normal sons)
[tex]X^bY[/tex] (sons color blind)
So, their sons will be colorblind in 1/4 or 25%.
Learn more about carrier color blind at https://brainly.com/question/3503817
#SPJ4
Complete the table to show the difference between inhaled and exhaled air. NB: These figures are approximate. Gas Oxygen Carbon dioxide % inhaled air 79 % exhaled air 79 16
Which location would energy be transferred more quickly between the atmosphere and Earth's surface, a lake where the air is 5*C or an ice sheet where the air is 5*C
looking at model 1, the other molecules that appear to be high potential energy molecules (free energy carriers) during cellular respiration to carry electrons to oxidative phosphorylation are
The additional compounds that seem to be high potential energy molecules for transporting electrons to oxidative phosphorylation during cellular respiration include The majority of ATP molecules created during cellular respiration come from oxidative phosphorylation.
The process through which organisms combine oxygen and food molecules, direct the chemical energy of those components toward life-sustaining processes, and eliminate carbon dioxide and water as waste is known as cellular respiration.
The process of breaking down sugar in the presence of oxygen and releasing energy in the form of ATP is known as cell respiration, and it takes place in the mitochondria of living things (animals and plants). Water and carbon dioxide are emitted as waste during this procedure.
Through the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ATP production is connected to electron transfer and corresponding oxygen consumption through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
For such more question on cellular respiration.
https://brainly.com/question/14158795
#SPJ4
An organism has the genotype AaBbCc. What is the probability of producing a gamete that only has dominant alleles for these three genes
A plant having the genotype AABbCC will produce solely ABC and AbC gametes. The 2n formula is used to compute the phenotypes in the cross, whereas the 3n formula is used to calculate the genotypes in the cross.
A cross between the AABBCC and the aabbcc genotypes results in an F1 hybrid with the AaBbCc genotype. An organism produces 2n kinds of gametes,
where n is the number of heterozygous genes present. Because the hybrid AaBbCc is heterozygous for three genes, its total number of potential gametes is 23=8.
The F1 generation plants have the genotype AABbCC. 2n where n= 1 may be used to calculate the number of gametes involved in a specific cross ( n is the number of heterozygotes). As a result, there will be two gametes, ABC and AbC. The phenotype of the F2 generation after selfing these plants will be 3:1, as depicted in the Punnett square.
Learn more about to genotypes
https://brainly.com/question/12116830
#SPJ4
What are the two main types of mutations ?
The two main types of mutations are, 1.Gametes include germline alterations. 2. Somatic mutations happen in the body's other cells.
These mutations are particularly important since they can be passed down to kids, who will all have the mutation in every cell environmental elements and utterly arbitrary causes Mutations can also be brought on by outside factors like specific chemicals or extreme radiation. Let's learn about many mutations and their sorts now that we are familiar with the definition of mutation and its causes.
Based on the base pair substitution, there are two types of point mutation. It is a point mutation that results from the replacement of one purine or one pyrimidine with another. It is a point mutation that happens when pyrimidine is substituted for purine and vice versa. There are three types of point mutations based on transcriptional characteristics.
To know more about mutations
https://brainly.com/question/30104683
#SPJ4
Count of normal liver cells vs. cancerous cells.
Normal liver cells (lower curve) have a relatively stable count
at increasing cell density, while cancer cells of the same cell
type show an increased count at higher cell densities. From
this, it was concluded that populations of cancer cells have
lost the harmony and coherence that is typical for healthy
tissue.
A possible claim based on the information provided could be:
"Cancer cells in the liver have a higher count at higher cell densities compared to normal liver cells, indicating a loss of harmony and coherence typical of healthy tissue."What is the cancerous cells about?The statement describes an experiment or observation that compared the count of normal liver cells to that of cancerous cells at different cell densities. The results showed that the count of normal liver cells remained relatively stable as the cell density increased, while the count of cancer cells increased at higher cell densities.
From this observation, the conclusion was drawn that cancer cells in the liver have lost the harmony and coherence that is typical of healthy tissue.
Therefore, this claim is based on the experiment/observation conducted and the comparison of the count of normal liver cells and cancer cells. It implies that cancer cells are behaving differently from normal cells in a way that makes them less orderly and more chaotic and thus different from healthy tissue.
Learn more about cancerous cells from
https://brainly.com/question/6321656
#SPJ1
See full question below
Count of normal liver cells vs. cancerous cells.
Normal liver cells (lower curve) have a relatively stable count
at increasing cell density, while cancer cells of the same cell
type show an increased count at higher cell densities. From
this, it was concluded that populations of cancer cells have
lost the harmony and coherence that is typical for healthy
tissue. What claim can be obtained from the above statement.
3. What kind of selection did the humans use to create dogs (and the tasty plants we eat)?
Zoology
Artificial selection is the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations.
What is Artificial selection?Artificial selection is the process of identifying desirable traits in plants and animals and then taking action to strengthen and pass those traits down to succeeding generations. Artificial selection operates in a similar manner to natural selection, with the exception that in natural selection, these decisions are made by nature without human intervention. By choosing which male and female animals or plants will typically reproduce sexually and produce offspring together, humans can use animal and plant breeding to selectively develop specific phenotypic traits. Because humans choose which organisms get to reproduce instead of nature, this process is known as artificial selection.To learn more about phenotypic refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/902712
#SPJ1
what enzyme can proof-read the dna molecule, minimizing the mistakes made during the process of dna replication?
The enzyme that can proof-read the DNA molecule during the process of DNA replication is called DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA during replication.
Some DNA polymerases, such as DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I, have a proofreading exonuclease activity that allows them to remove any nucleotides that are not correctly paired with the template strand during replication.
The proofreading exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase works by recognizing mismatches between the nucleotides that have been added to the growing strand and the template strand. When a mismatch is detected, the exonuclease activity of the enzyme removes the incorrectly paired nucleotide, allowing the polymerase to add the correct nucleotide in its place.
This proofreading activity increases the accuracy of DNA replication, reducing the number of errors made during replication to approximately 1 in 10^5 nucleotides.
To know more about enzymes, click here,
brainly.com/question/1596855
#SPJ4
Evaluate the structure and function of the respiratory system to allow for passive transport for gas exchange
The respiratory system allows for passive transport for gas exchange as the body receives oxygen from the outside air; Additionally, waste gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor are released outside the body into the air.
Respiration: The life-sustaining process in which gases are exchanged between the body and the surrounding atmosphere is known as gas exchange. More specifically, oxygen enters the body from the outside air; and waste gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor are released into the air outside the body. The respiratory system is primarily responsible for respiration. The exchange of gas is the other process. This is the biochemical process by which carbon dioxide and other waste gases diffuse from the blood into the air and oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood.
Know more about Respiration here: https://brainly.com/question/12605249
#SPJ4
When dissecting a mammalian kidney in your lab, what is recommended plane of section to view the majority of the internal structures
When dissecting a mammalian kidney in your lab Coronal plane is recommended plane of section to view the majority of the internal structures.
In vertebrates, the kidneys are two reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs. They are situated on the left and right sides of the retroperitoneal region. Blood enters them through the paired renal arteries, and it leaves through the paired renal veins. A ureter, a tube that transports expelled urine to the bladder, is connected to each kidney.
The kidney takes involved in the regulation of toxin elimination, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, various electrolyte concentrations, and volume of various body fluids.
Anatomically, the body is divided into dorsal and ventral parts by the coronal plane. It is parallel to both the transverse and sagittal planes.
To learn more about Kidney :
https://brainly.com/question/28063794
#SPJ4
Which statement does not accurately describe what occurs during the process of meiosis?
A) Meiosis produces four identical gametes, either egg or sperm.
B) Genetic variation among sexually reproducing organisms is enhanced by meiosis.
C) Meiosis produces gametes with the haploid chromosome number.
D) All stages of meiosis follow DNA replication
Answer:
D cause not all stages of meiosis follow DNA replication.
How might the genetic content of these change by the time tetrads have aligned at the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis
Sister chromatids are chromosomal chromatids that are identical to one another. They are normally produced by the DNA molecule of a single chromosome replicating in a semi-conservative manner.
They are therefore "photocopies" of the original parent chromosomes that have been joined at the Centromere. They share the same gene and allele makeup, making them completely identical.
There are, however, slight variations between the two identical sisters due to mutation from replication errors and alterations in the length of telomere repeats.
In metaphase I, tetrads arrange themselves along the metaphase plate whereas homologous pairs orient themselves randomly. During anaphase I, homologous chromosomes separate and centromeres deteriorate.
In telophase I, chromosomes move to opposite poles, and in cytokinesis, the cell splits into two haploid cells.
Learn more about to Sister chromatids;
https://brainly.com/question/29108845
#SPJ4
What are the similarities and differences between genetic engineering and selective breeding?
Through genetic engineering, genes from one species can be introduced into another that is unrelated. The individuals involved in selective breeding must be of the same species.
In GMO, researchers combine new gene combinations. Genes come together on their own during selective breeding. By utilizing pollen from one strain to fertilize another strain and therefore "cross" the gene pools, for instance, selective breeding can change a species' genetic makeup naturally.
The chromosomes are altered intentionally through genetic engineering—a technique that is against nature. For instance, a crop may contain a gene from a cold-water fish to prevent freezing during the winter. This wouldn't happen in the wild.
Learn more about breeding Visit: brainly.com/question/13614055
#SPJ4
How a river is formed?
River are formed from water moving from a higher elevation to a lower elevation, all due to gravity.
In general, rivers comes from starting point where water begins to flow this source is popularly known as a headwater. This source of headwater are said to generated from rainfall or melting of snow in mountains. They can also come up from the groundwater or at edge of a lake or large pond.
Other major sources include a rain falls on the land that mixed with ground water that flows downhill into rivers and lakes and eventually towards the seas. for example Himalayan Rivers are generated from the melting of snow and glaciers that melts through out the years.
To learn more about rivers , here
brainly.com/question/11260945
#SPJ4
What is the strongest evidence to support the theory of evolution?
Perhaps the strongest fossil evidence for evolution is the continuity of the fossil record from prehistoric to modern times.
The Devonian, the age of the fishes, or human fossils amid dinosaur remains are not things we discover anyplace on Earth. The five assumptions that Darwin combined are evolution, or common descent, gradualism, species diversity, and natural selection. A theory is a reason for how a natural phenomena works that has been put to the test extensively through observations and tests meant to prove the correctness of the explanation. In this situation, evolution may be viewed as a theory as well as reality. It cannot be disputed that throughout Earth's history, living things have changed or evolved.
Learn more about Evolution here:
https://brainly.com/question/6111443
#SPJ4
Write a claim evidence and reasoning on Do trees change the composition of the atmosphere around us?
Answer:
Claim: Trees change the composition of the atmosphere around us.
Evidence: Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis and release oxygen back into the air. This process helps to regulate the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere and can affect the overall composition of the air.
Reasoning: Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that occurs in plants, including trees. During photosynthesis, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and use it, along with sunlight and water, to produce energy and grow. As a byproduct of this process, trees release oxygen back into the air. This exchange of gases between trees and the atmosphere helps to regulate the concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air and can affect the overall composition of the atmosphere. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that trees do change the composition of the atmosphere around us.
Select a harmful effect that can result from bacterial colonization of the human body. a)Immune system development b)digestion of food c)Production of vitamins d)Invasion of host cells
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Clostridium perfringens (E. coli; toxic strain). They undermine health by causing illness and hastening aging. When you are healthy, opportunistic microbes do not present a problem.
What are bacteria's four adverse effects?They are to blame for a number of infectious ailments, including tooth decay, diphtheria, syphilis, tuberculosis, and pneumonia. Certain bacteria break down cellulose, destroying textiles, wooden things, and canvas.
What effects do microorganisms have on the human body?Bacteria can occasionally grow so quickly that they crowd out host tissues and impair normal function. Sometimes they actually kill tissues and cells. Sometimes they produce poisons that can paralyze, dismantle the metabolic machinery of cells, or trigger an enormous immunological response that is also toxic.
To know more about bacteria visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/8008968
#SPJ1
What process is the source of the CO2 that root hairs release into the soil?
O respiration and photolysis,
O photolysis,
O respiration,
O photosynthesis, or
O photosynthesis and respiration
The process by which the root hairs release CO2 into the soil is respiration. The correct option is Option C.
There are air pockets present between the soil particles where the oxygen required by the root of the plant is trapped. Root hair exchanges gasses to and from tiny air pockets present in between the soil particles.
The large surface area provided by root hairs facilitates this exchange of gasses along with the absorption of water.
Hence, root hair carries out the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tiny air pockets present in between soil particles.
The CO2 released from the root hair into the soil particles is the byproduct of respiration.
For further learning about respiration, follow the link:
https://brainly.com/question/9477286
#SPJ4
What is the importance of Mendel's conclusion?
Mendel concluded that traits can be divided into overt and latent traits. He named these dominant and recessive traits respectively. Dominant traits are traits that are inherited unchanged by hybridization.
Mendel developed his three principles of heredity to explain the transmission of hereditary traits before anyone knew that genes existed. Mendel's laws of inheritance greatly expanded our understanding of heredity and led to the development of new experimental methods.
Mendel's conclusion:
Genetic determinants are unique in nature. These determinants are called genes. Each parent has a pair of genes in each cell for each trait tested. F1 from a cross between two pure strains contains one allele with a dominant phenotype and one allele with a recessive phenotype.
For more information on Mendel's laws of inheritance , visit :
https://brainly.com/question/29785142
#SPJ4
Please help! best answer gets brainliest.
True or False: Before making any decision (includes environmental), it
necessary to evaluate all risks and make mathematical models
False. Not all decisions require risk evaluation or mathematical modeling.
What is evaluation?Evaluation is the process of examining and assessing a product, system, service, or program to determine its worth and effectiveness. It is a systematic process that involves identifying and measuring objectives, gathering information, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. Evaluation is important to determine if a program is meeting its intended goals and helping to improve outcomes. Evaluation can also be used to inform decisio-making, identify areas of improvement, and provide feedback on performance. Evaluation helps to ensure that resources are being used effectively and efficiently. It can also provide guidance for future investments, help to set objectives and priorities, and provide evidence-based information for the development of policies and programs.
To learn more about evaluation
https://brainly.com/question/13860025
#SPJ1
Why do leaves change colour explain?
Carotenoids are pigments that give leaves their yellow and orange colors. These pigments are always present in leaves, but become more visible as the chlorophyll breaks down in the fall.
Leaves change B due to changes in the pigments that are present in the leaf. Chlorophyll is the pigment primarily responsible for the green color of leaves and is present in all leaves. Chlorophyll is important for the process of photosynthesis, which allows plants to convert light energy into chemical energy. However, as the days get shorter and temperatures cool in the fall, the level of chlorophyll in a leaf decreases and the chlorophyll breaks down. This process causes the green color of leaves to fade, revealing other pigments that have been present in the leaf all along.
Learn more about Leaves here:
https://brainly.com/question/24234175
#SPJ4
What does a plant life cycle start with?
its a plant dawg think smarter not harder ✊
How did Mendel's pea plants help us understand genetics?
Mendel's pea plants gave us a clear and straightforward framework for analyzing the inheritance of traits, which improved our understanding of genetics. Pea plants are a good choice for Mendel's research because they can easily self- or cross-fertilize and have a short generation time.
Mendel exploited the distinct and readily observable traits of pea plants in his tests, including seed color, seed shape, and bloom color.
According to Mendel's research, traits are influenced by specific "factors" that are passed from parent to child. He discovered that the presence of two alleles, one inherited from each parent, determines the inheritance of each feature and that one allele can be dominant over the other.
He also discovered that different characteristics are inherited independently of one another and that the probability of an offspring inheriting a specific allele from a parent is 50%. These discoveries laid the foundation for the field of genetics and provided a framework for understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
To learn more about Mendel's pea plants
https://brainly.com/question/29684894
#SPJ4
why does the fluid accumulate in our legs and when we sit for a long period of time.
Answer: Gravity: If you spend a lot of time sitting or standing in one place for too long, water naturally pulls down into your arms, legs and feet